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1.
BackgroundBrucellosis is an important disease for both veterinary and public health. A study was conducted to understand the seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in pastoral areas of Kagera, Tanzania.MethodsSera from 156 patients with malaria-like symptoms were analyzed using the commercial rapid agglutination test (specific for B.abortus and B.melitensis detection) and Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA). Sera from 426 cattle, 206 goats and 197 sheep were analyzed using Rose Bengal Plate (RBPT) and Competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) tests.ResultsIn humans, overall brucellosis, B. abortus, and B. melitensis sero-prevalences were 7.7% (95%CI: 3.8–12.2%), 1.9% (95% CI: 0.4–4.5%), and 5.8 % (95%CI: 2.6–10.6%), respectively. At animal level, seropositivity was 5.9% (95%CI: 4.0–8.6%), 2.5% (95%CI: 0.8–5.7%) and 0.5% (95%CI: 0.01–2.8%) in cattle, goats and sheep, respectively. At herd level, seropositivity was 18.2% (95%CI: 12.0–25.8%) in cattle and 6.9% (95%CI: 2.2–15.3%) in small ruminants. Brucellosis was associated with assisting in parturition without wearing protective gears (OR= 5.6; p= 0.02) in humans, herds of 50–200 animals (OR= 4.2, p= 0.01) and cattle (OR=3.5; p=0.01). The knowledge of brucellosis among pastoralists (OR=0.1; p<0.01) was a protective factor.ConclusionBrucella infections could be occurring in pastoralists and domestic ruminants in Kagera. Community health education is necessary for the control of brucellosis in Tanzania.  相似文献   

2.
ObjectivesThis study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia among children under-five years presenting with acute respiratory symptoms.MethodologyThis was a cross sectional study at the Pediatric Department of Kampala International University – Teaching Hospital, from the month of April to August 2019. The study included 336 children aged 2 to 59 months presenting with acute respiratory symptoms to the pediatric clinic. Pneumonia diagnosis was made according to the World Health Organization definition, modified by a chest radiograph. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-demographic, environmental and nutrition factors and multivariate logistic regression analysis using STATA version 13.0 was done to assess for the factors independently associated with pneumonia.ResultsOf the 336 children with acute respiratory symptoms, eighty-six, 86 (25.6%) had pneumonia. Factors significantly associated with pneumonia included: age below 6 months (OR=3.2, 95%CI=1.17–8.51, p=0.023), rural residence (OR=5.7, 95%CI=2.97–11.05, p <0.001), not up-to-date for age immunization status (OR=2.9, 95%CI=1.05–7.98, p=0.039), severe acute malnutrition (OR=10.8, 95%CI=2.01–58.41, p=0.006), lack of exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months (OR=2.9, 95%CI=1.53–5.53, p=0.001) and exposure to cigarette smoke (OR=3.0, 95%CI=1.35–6.80, p=0.007).ConclusionThe prevalence of pneumonia in children under-five years was high. Most of the factors associated with pneumonia are modifiable; addressing these factors could reduce this prevalence.  相似文献   

3.
BackgroundEvidence suggests that people who live in regions affected by the armed conflict are more likely to smoke.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with smoking status in a sample of students in the northern Kosovo province.Materials and methodsA total of 514 students enrolled in University in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovo, were recruited between April to June 2015 at Student Public Health Center during mandatory health checks. Participants filled in socio-demographic and behavioral questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Based on responses about smoking, students were categorized in non-smokers, former smokers, light smokers (1–13 cigarettes/day) and heavy smokers (> 13 cigarettes/day).ResultsOf 514 students, 116 (22.6%) classified themselves as smokers. Higher education level of fathers (Odds ratio [OR]=2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–6.44, p=0.009), not living with smokers (OR=0.42, 95%CI 0.15–0.97, p=0.017) and longer exposure to second hand smoke (OR=1.07, 95%CI 1.01–1.13, p=0.036) was associated with former smoking. Studying medical and natural sciences (OR=2.07, 95%CI 1.05–4.18, p=0.040), consuming alcohol (OR=2.98, 95%CI 1.19–10.03, p=0.020), living with smokers (OR=2.88, 95%CI 1.49–5.56, p=0.002), longer exposure to second hand smoke (OR=1.06, 95%CI 1.01–1.11, p=0.019) and having a more intense depressive symptoms (OR=1.08, 95%CI 1.03–1.13, p=0.002) was associated with light smoking. Being male (OR=0.22, 95%CI 0.07–0.41, p=0.001), older (OR=1.47, 95%CI 1.21–1.78, p=0.001), living with smokers (OR=3.78, 95%CI 1.69–8.07, p=0.001), longer daily exposure to second-hand smoke (OR=1.10, 95%CI 1.04–1.16, p=0.001), and having more severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.12, 95%CI 1.07–1.18, p=0.001) were associated with heavy smoking.ConclusionSmoking prevention and cessation programs should include the entire community, because exposure to environmental second hand smoke may facilitate initiation and more intense smoking. Screening of student smokers for depression should be prioritized in the process of rebuilding the framework for primary and secondary prevention in the post-conflict period.  相似文献   

4.
Although the risk factors for acquiring infection by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have been investigated in hospitalized patients, such risk factors have not been defined in the community setting. In this study, clinical data from a total of 311 nonhospitalized patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection (128 with ESBL-positive strains and 183 with ESBL-negative strains) were obtained. According to a multivariate analysis, the following were identified as independent risk factors: previous hospitalization in the past 3 months (OR=8.95, 95%CI, 3.77–21.25), antibiotic treatment in the past 3 months (OR=3.23, 95%CI, 1.76–5.91), age over 60 years (OR=2.65, 95%CI, 1.45–4.83), diabetes (OR=2.57, 95%CI, 1.20–5.51), male gender (OR=2.47, 95%CI, 1.22–5.01), Klebsiella pneumoniae infection (OR=2.31, 95%CI, 1.17–4.54), previous use of third-generation cephalosporins (P=0.014, OR=15.8, 95%CI, 1.7–143), previous use of second-generation cephalosporins (P<0.0001, OR=10.1, 95%CI, 4.2–24), previous use of quinolones (P=0.001, OR=4.1, 95%CI, 1.8–9.0), and previous use of penicillin (P=0.003, OR=4.0, 95%CI, 1.6–9.0).  相似文献   

5.
BackgroundFascioliasis has never been considered a public health concern in Pakistan, although the increasing numbers of human cases reported in south Asia need a re-consideration in the country. The current study aimed to find the seroprevalence of human fascioliasis, associated risk factors and its relationship with liver enzymes as biomarkers of pathogenicity.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted in different districts of Punjab region from May 2014 to August 2016. A total of 546 respondents were screened by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum biochemical tests.ResultsHigher seroprevalence was recorded in Muzaffargarh (6.2%) and Bhara kahu (5.9%), while low infection rate in Gujranwala (1.1%) and Islamabad (1.5%). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed rural inhabitants (OR=7.9, 95%CI: 2.5–24.8), females (OR=3.5, 95%CI: 1.7–7.1), family size 3–7 (OR=1.7, 95%CI: 1.0–2.9) and socioeconomic condition (OR=3.9, 95%CI: 1.5–10.4) were the significantly (p<0.005) associated risk factors with disease. The results of liver enzymes i.e. aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and cholesterol levels were significantly (p=0.001) elevated and associated with fascioliasis pathogenicity.ConclusionThe higher prevalence recorded may explain with Fasciola IgG antibodies for both active and past infections and cross reactivity of the assay with other helminthes.  相似文献   

6.
BackgroundInconsistent results have been reported from studies investigating the relationship of the interleukin-10 (IL-10) -1082 G/A polymorphism and the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, a thorough literature review of relatedstudies was performed in this meta-analysis to examine the association of the interleukin-10(IL-10) -1082 G/A polymorphism with HCC susceptibility.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for literature on the relationship between interleukin-10(IL-10) -1082 G/A polymorphism and the risk of HCC in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected studies were analyzed using the Stata 12.0 software. Finally, the strength of the associations was evaluated using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsA total of six case-control studies were enrolled into the current meta-analysis, which included a total of 911 patients and 1889 control subjects. Our data revealed no association between the IL-10 -1082 G/A polymorphism and the risk of HCC (GG vs AA:OR=0.84, 95%CI=0.57–1.25; AG vs AA:OR=0.85, 95%CI=0.70–1.05; Dominant model: OR=0.85, 95%CI=0.70–1.03; and Recessive model: OR=0.92, 95%CI = 0.64–1.32). Similarly, no association was found in sub-group analysis based on ethnicity.ConclusionThe results of our study suggest no association between IL-10 -1082 G/A polymorphism and the risk of HCC.  相似文献   

7.
8.

Background

Present study aimed to investigate prevalence of Giardia intestinalis and Hymenolepis nana in Afghan refugees visiting Central Health Unit (CHU), Kot Chandana (Mianwali, Northern Punjab) during two years period (February 2007 to December 2009).

Methods

A total of 687 stool samples were collected from different age groups of both genders. Samples were processed under sterile conditions after gross examination. Microscopic examination was done on same day along with eggs (H. nana), cyst and trophozoites (G. intestinalis) detection after staining.

Results

The prevalence of G. intestinalis was significantly higher (x2=59.54, p<0.001) than that of H. nana. Females were found more likely to be infected as compared to males (OR: 1.40, 95% CI=1.03–1.92). Prevalence of both parasites decreased with age and highest prevalence was observed in young individuals belonging to 1–15 years of age group (41.8% and 48.7% respectively for H. nana and G. intestinalis, p<0.001). Abdominal distress (OR: 1.13, 95%CI=0.83–1.53), vomiting (OR: 1.13, 95%CI=1.13–1.81) and rectal prolapse (OR: 4.26, 95%CI=1.38–13.16) were the gastro-intestinal clinical symptoms observed in G. intestinalis. Whereas, bloody diarrhea (OR: 1.56, 95%CI=1.00–2.43) and rectal prolapse (OR: 5.79, 95%CI=1.87–17.91) were associated with H. nana infections.

Conclusions

Intestinal parasitic infections are common among Afghan refugees and serious preventive measures should be implemented to promote the safety and healthy lifestyle of these people.  相似文献   

9.
IntroductionThe FMR1 gene plays an important role in brain development and in the regulation of ovarian function. The FMR1 gene contains CGG repeat variation and the expansion of the repeats is associated with various phenotypes e.g. fragile X syndrome, premature ovarian failure, etc. Repeats ranging < 55 CGG are considered normal, however recent studies suggest that high-normal (35–54 CGG) and low-normal (< 26 CGG) alleles may also have an impact on female reproductive function.Material and methodsWe have performed a case-control study to assess the impact of FMR1 gene CGG repeats on female infertility. The study comprised 161 women with primary and secondary idiopathic infertility and 12 females with diminished ovarian reserve. The control group consisted of 129 healthy women with children. The FMR1 gene trinucleotide CGG repeat variation was detected using a triplet repeat primed polymerase chain reaction with capillary electrophoresis.ResultsThe analysis of CGG repeats revealed that high-normal alleles are statistically significantly more common in the secondary infertility group than in controls (12% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.03, OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1–8.3). The distribution of high-normal alleles and genotypes did not differ between patients with primary infertility and controls (p > 0.05). In addition, the analysis of low-normal allele and genotype frequencies did not present a difference between primary, secondary infertility and the control group (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIn our study, the FMR1 gene high-normal alleles were associated with secondary infertility. However, to address the controversies related to the role of FMR1 genes in the development of diminished ovarian reserve, further studies on the subject are required.  相似文献   

10.
BackgroundThe knowledge of determinants of readmission among individuals with diabetes minimises relapse and decreases diabetes associated morbidity and mortality.ObjectivesTo explore the prevalence of depression and anxiety as well as determinants of readmission in individuals with diabetes from Harare, Zimbabwe.MethodsA cross sectional study was carried out at Parirenyatwa and Harare group of hospitals. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling and interviewed at the diabetic clinics. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Binary logistic regression was used to determine predictors of readmission.ResultsIn total 65 participants took part, 36.9% were males. The mean age ±SD was 44.89±14.2 years. Anxiety affected 40% and 20% were at risk of anxiety, while depression was reported in 27.7% and 30.8% were at risk of depression. Depression [OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.42–0.97 (p=0.037)] and checking of blood glucose [OR=0.06, 95%CI: 0.01–0.71 (p=0.025)] were significant negative predictors of readmission among diabetic patients while anxiety was a significant positive predictor OR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.09–2.21 (p=0.015).ConclusionsMental health conditions in people living with diabetes are factors contributing to increased re admissions and are more prevalent with aging. Psychotherapy and education interventions are recommended for the elderly diabetic population.  相似文献   

11.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Brilliance ESBL agar (OX; Oxoid, Basingstoke, United Kingdom), a novel chromogenic agar for the selective isolation and the presumptive identification of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. A panel of 200 clinical Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenting isolates with defined resistance mechanisms was inoculated onto OX and onto ChromID ESBL agar (BM; bioMérieux, Marcy l''Etoile, France) chromogenic medium in the first part of the study to evaluate the growth selectivity and chromogenic features of these two media. Of the 156 Enterobacteriaceae challenge isolates, 8 fully susceptible isolates were inhibited, all 98 ESBL producers were detected, and 50 isolates harboring other resistance mechanisms were recovered on both chromogenic agars. In the second phase, 528 clinical samples (including 344 fecal specimens) were plated onto OX, BM, and MacConkey agar with a ceftazidime disk (MCC) for the screening of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Growth on at least one medium was observed with 144 (27%) of the clinical samples screened. A total of 182 isolates, including 109 (60%) of Enterobacteriaceae, were recovered and 70 of these (from 59 specimens) were confirmed as ESBL-producing isolates. The sensitivities of MCC, BM, and OX were 74.6%, 94.9%, and 94.9%, respectively. The specificities of MCC, BM, and OX by specimens reached 94.9%, 95.5%, and 95.7%, respectively, when only colored colonies were considered on the two selective chromogenic media. The high negative predictive value (99.3%) found for OX suggests that this medium may constitute an excellent screening tool for the rapid exclusion of patients not carrying ESBL producers.Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are of growing importance in the field of medical bacteriology following their epidemiological success (1, 2), remarkably illustrated by the worldwide dissemination of CTX-M-type ESBL enzymes (2). The spread of ESBLs in Gram-negative bacteria represents a major challenge to the antimicrobial therapy of infections caused by these organisms either in hospitals or in a community setting (12). While definitive guidelines for the management of patients infected with ESBL-producing bacteria are still awaited, there is strong evidence that failure to detect ESBL-mediated resistance can lead to treatment failure (13). The use of surveillance cultures or of targeted screening for ESBL producers in high-risk patients or in high-risk units such as intensive care units has been advocated to prevent or control outbreaks of nosocomial infections with these organisms (10, 11).A range of screening and confirmation tests have been developed to detect isolated colonies of ESBL producers following culture, and these tests have been validated mostly for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. However, the increasing diversity of ESBL enzymes, together with the expression of non-ESBL resistance mechanisms such as overproduction of cephalosporinases, has led to an overlap of different resistance phenotypes, making the identification of ESBL producers by conventional phenotypic techniques a constant challenge (6).Selective culture media such as MacConkey (14) and Drigalski (18) agars supplemented with cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime at various concentrations have been proposed for the detection of ESBL producers. BLSE agar (AES Chemunex, Bruz, France) was the first commercially available selective medium dedicated to the recovery Gram-negative bacteria resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. Recently, breakthroughs in the developments of selective chromogenic media have improved the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (5) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (9) directly from clinical specimens. The selectivity provided by the mixture of antibiotics and the presumptive identification of microorganisms based on colony coloration by chromogenic media have made their use possible for rapid and accurate screening of specific resistant pathogens in highly contaminated samples such as stool samples or rectal swabs. This is of particular interest since fecal colonization is a known factor in infection due to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (16).In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the prototype chromogenic selective medium Brilliance ESBL agar (OX; Oxoid, Basingstoke, United Kingdom) in comparison with those of another commercial medium, ChromID ESBL agar (BM; bioMérieux, Marcy l''Etoile, France), for the detection and presumptive identification of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The study was split into two phases; in the first part, we challenged a collection of microorganisms with well-characterized resistance mechanisms, and in the second part, we tested clinical samples directly.  相似文献   

12.
Introduction: Amongst the genitourinary cancers, carcinoma of the urinary bladder is one of the leading causes of death in India. Hypermethylation of the CpG islands of gene promoter is one of the earliest and most frequent epigenetic alterations leading to cancer as well as in its development. Several studies have suggested that tumour suppressor genes play a key role in the development of cancer. Methylation in the CDKN2A has been associated with various malignant diseases, but information with respect to urinary bladder cancer is lacking in north Indian population. Materials and methods: We analyzed the methylation of P16INK4a and P14ARF in 80 tissues and matched blood samples of patients suffering from bladder cancer and 80 blood samples of cancer-free individuals by MS-PCR. Results: In tissue and matched blood samples of bladder cancer patients, the incidence of P14ARF hypermethylation significantly increased (OR = 0.31, 95%CI = 0.12–0.8, P = 0.01) and (OR = 0.0, 95%CI=0.0–0.62, P = 0.006) respectively with an increase in age. Clinicopathological analysis revealed that P14ARF hypermethylation in tissue and blood samples was significantly associated with invasive stage (≥ T2) (OR = 0.21, 95%CI = 0.08–0.51, P = 0.0002) and (OR = 0.09, 95%CI = 0.03–0.37, P = 0.00001) respectively. Muscle invasive tumour stage (≥T2) showed significant association with increased risk of P16INK4α promoter hypermethylation in tissue and blood samples of patients (OR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.17–0.82, P = 0.01) and (OR = 0.13, 95%CI = 0.05–0.36, P = 0.00005) respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that the CpG island hypermethylation status of the defined panel of genes may be a useful biomarker in patients suffering from bladder cancer.  相似文献   

13.
Background: Complete deletions of the AZFc region in distal Yq are the most frequent molecular genetic cause of severe male infertility. They are caused by intrachromosomal homologous recombination between amplicons—large, nearly identical repeats—and are found in 5–10% of cases of azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. Homologous recombination may also generate different partial deletions of AZFc, but their contribution to spermatogenic impairment has not been confirmed.

Methods: In this study we analysed the prevalence and characteristics of different partial AZFc deletions and their association with spermatogenic failure. We studied 337 infertile men with different spermatogenic impairment and 263 normozoospermic fertile men using AZFc specific sequence tagged site markers and DAZ specific single nucleotide variants.

Results: We identified 18 cases of partial AZFc deletions in the infertile group (5.3%) and one case in the control group (0.4%). Seventeen deletions had the "gr/gr" pattern, one the "b2/b3" pattern, and one represented a novel deletion with breakpoints in b3 and b4 amplicons. Partial AZFc deletions were associated with different spermatogenic phenotypes ranging from complete azoospermia to only moderate oligozoospermia.

Conclusions: Together with published data, our analysis of DAZ gene copy suggested that the contribution of the different deletions to male infertility varies: only partial AZFc deletions removing DAZ1/DAZ2 seem to be associated with spermatogenic impairment, whereas those removing DAZ3/DAZ4 may have no or little effect on fertility. These data show that, beside complete AZFc deletions, specific partial deletions represent a risk factor for male infertility, even if with different effect on spermatogenesis.

  相似文献   

14.
IntroductionIn Uganda, over 43% of all pregnancies among young women (15–24 years) living with HIV are either unwanted or mistimed. Unintended pregnancies account for 21.3% of neonatal HIV infections. The objective was to determine acceptability of contraceptives and associated factors among young women living with HIV attending HIV clinics in Kampala.MethodsBetween February and May 2019, 450 young women attending public HIV clinics (Kisenyi HC IV, Kiswa HC III and Komamboga HC III) in Kampala were systematically enrolled in a cross sectional study and interviewed using structured questionnaires. We used modified Poisson regression to determine the factors associated with acceptability of contraceptive. Data were analyzed using STATA 13.0. Statistical significance was determined at a P values < 0.05.ResultsContraceptive acceptability was 40.7% (95% CI: 27.6%–53.6%). Older age group (20–24 years) (aPR; 2.42, 95%CI; 1.06–5.52, P = 0.035), age at sex debut ≥ 18 years (aPR;1.25,95%CI; 1.13–1.38, P<0.001), having friend on contraceptives (aPR; 1.90, 95%CI; 1.10 – 3.26; P =0.021) and being married (aPR; 1.20, 95%CI; 1.09 – 1.32, P<0.001) were significantly associated with acceptability of contraceptives.ConclusionThere is a low acceptability for contraceptives. Younger age group who are not yet married need to be targeted.  相似文献   

15.
BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) sputum culture contaminants make it difficult to obtain pure TB isolates.We aimed to study and identify persistent TB sputum culture contaminants post the standard laboratory pre-culture sample decontamination techniques.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study of TB sputum culture contamination for a cohort of TB patients on standard treatment at: baseline, during TB treatment and post TB treatment. Sputum samples were decontaminated with 1.5%NaOH and neutralized using 6.8 Phosphate buffer solution.Sputum was then inoculated into MGIT (mycobactrial growth indicator tube) supplemented with 0.8ml PANTA. A drop of each positive MGIT culture was sub cultured onto blood agar and incubated for 48 hours at 35 -37OC.Any growth was identified using growth characteristics and colony morphology.ResultsFrom October 2017 through May 2019;we collected 8645 sputum samples of which 8624(99.8%) were eligible and inoculated into MGIT where 2444(28.3%)samples were TB culture positive and 255(10.4%)were positive for contaminants: 237 none-tuberculosis bacteria, 12 fungi and 6 mixed(none-tuberculous bacteria+fungi). There was no statistically significant difference between none tuberculosis bacteria and fungi in the treatment (OR=1.4,95%CI:0.26–7.47,p=0.690) and the post treatment TB phases(OR=2.02,95%CI:0.38–10.79,p=0.411)Vs baseline.ConclusionNone-tuberculous bacteria and fungi dominate the plethora of TB sputum culture contamination and persist beyond the standard laboratory pre-culture decontamination algorithm.  相似文献   

16.
BackgroundThe ability for women to self-collect human papillomavirus (HPV) samples can potentially reduce the risk of cervical cancer and increase screening coverage.ObjectivesTo assess the willingness to HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening and its predictors among women attending outpatient clinics in Arusha region, northern Tanzania.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 706 women aged 18–55 years in Meru District Hospital and Usa River Health Centre from March to April 2019. Face-to-face intervies were conducted using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Stata version 14.0. The log-binomial regression was used to determine factors associated with willingness to self-collection of HPV samples.ResultsMajority (70%) of the women were willing to self-collection of HPV samples for cervical cancer screening and was associated with attending Meru District hospital (PR=2.02, 95%CI 1.77–2.31); good knowledge about cervical cancer warning signs (PR=1.11, 95%CI 1.01–1.22), prevention (PR=1.13, 95%CI 1.04–1.20), and symptoms (PR=1.61, 95%CI 1.33–1.93); and having formal employment (PR=1.22, 95%CI 1.07–1.37).ConclusionThe majority of women were willing to self-collect HPV samples for cervical cancer screening. Self-collection is, therefore, an acceptable and viable means of screening for cervical cancer, which has great implications for Tanzania from a health policy perspective.  相似文献   

17.
Estrogen receptor alpha has a central role in human fertility by regulating estrogen action in all human reproductive tissues. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression, a cytokine critical for blastocyst implantation, is mediated by estrogen signaling, so we hypothesized that ESR1 gene polymorphisms might be candidate risk markers for endometriosis-related infertility and in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure. We included 98 infertile women with endometriosis, 115 infertile women with at least one IVF failure and also 134 fertile women as controls. TaqMan SNP assays were used for genotyping LIF (rs929271), MDM2 (rs2279744), MDM4 (rs1563828), USP7 (rs1529916), and ESR1 (rs9340799 and rs2234693) polymorphisms. The SNP ESR1 rs9340799 was associated with endometriosis-related infertility (P < 0.001) and also with IVF failure (P = 0.018). After controlling for age, infertile women with ESR1 rs9340799 GG genotype presented 4-fold increased risk of endometriosis (OR 4.67, 95% CI 1.84–11.83, P = 0.001) and 3-fold increased risk of IVF failure (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.38–8.03, P = 0.007). Our results demonstrate an association between ESR1 rs9340799 polymorphism and infertile women with endometriosis and also with women who were submitted to IVF procedures and had no blastocyst implantation.  相似文献   

18.
IntroductionRapid spread of COVID-19 has caused detrimental effects globally. Involvement of the ACE2 receptor has identified COVID-19 as a multi-organ disease. Preliminary studies have provided evidence that cardiac involvement, including right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH), were found in COVID-19 cases, even in the non-advanced stage. This meta-analysis aims to analyze the prevalence of RVD and PH, and their association with COVID-19 clinical outcome.Material and methodsA systematic data search was conducted through PubMed, medRxiv, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Scopus databases using constructed keywords based on MeSH terms. Any outcomes regarding mortality, severity, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation usage were analyzed using RevMan v.5.4 and Stata v.16.ResultsA total of 16 eligible studies (1,728 patients) were included. Pooled prevalence of RVD in COVID-19 was 19% (95% CI: 13–25%), and PH was 22% (95% CI: 14–31%). RVD was associated with increased mortality (OR = 2.98 (95% CI: 1.50–5.89), p = 0.002), severity (OR = 3.61 (95% CI: 2.05–6.35), p < 0.001), ICU admission (OR = 1.70 (95% CI: 1.12–2.56), p = 0.01), and mechanical ventilation (MV) usage (OR = 1.60 (95% CI: 1.14–2.25), p = 0.007). PH was also associated with increased mortality (OR = 5.42 (95% CI: 2.66–11.060, p < 0.001), severity (OR = 5.74 (95% CI: 2.28–14.49), p < 0.001), and ICU admission (OR = 12.83 (95% CI: 3.55–46.41), p < 0.001).ConclusionsRVD and PH were prevalent in COVID-19 and associated with mortality, severity, ICU admission, and MV usage in COVID-19 patients. Bedside echocardiography examination could be considered as a novel risk stratification tool in COVID-19.  相似文献   

19.
PurposeMany epidemiological studies have investigated environmental risk factors for the development of acoustic neuroma. However, these results are controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of case-control studies to identify any potential relationship between history of noise exposure, smoking, allergic diseases, and risk of acoustic neuroma.ResultsEleven case-control studies were included in our meta-analysis. Acoustic neuroma was found to be associated with leisure noise exposure [odds ratio (OR)=1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–1.68], but not with occupational noise exposure and ever noise exposure (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 0.84–1.72 and OR=1.15, 95% CI: 0.80–1.65). The OR of acoustic neuroma for ever (versus never) smoking was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.30–0.94), while the subgroup analysis indicated ORs of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.81–1.10) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.41–0.59) for ex-smoker and current smoker respectively. The ORs for asthma, eczema, and seasonal rhinitis were 0.98 (95% CI: 0.80–1.18), 0.91 (95% CI: 0.76–1.09), and 1.52 (95% CI: 0.90–2.54), respectively.ConclusionOur meta-analysis is suggestive of an elevated risk of acoustic neuroma among individuals who were ever exposed to leisure noise, but not to occupational noise. Our study also indicated a lower acoustic neuroma risk among ever and current cigarette smokers than never smokers, while there was no significant relationship for ex-smokers. No significant associations were found between acoustic neuroma and history of any allergic diseases, such as asthma, eczema, and seasonal rhinitis.  相似文献   

20.
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