肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄频谱Tardus Parvus波形和超声造影微灌注定量技术的临床价值

目的　探讨肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄频谱Tardus Parvus波形和超声造影微灌注定量技术的临床意义。 方法　收集60例肝移植术后病人的相关影像资料,记录肝动脉多普勒超声的收缩期峰值血流速度（PSV）、舒张末期血流速度（EDV）、阻力指数（RI）及加速时间（SAT）等参数,Tardus Parvus波形的诊断标准为RI＜0.5且SAT＞0.8 s;超声造影分别记录肝边缘区域和中心区实质基础强度（BI）、到达时间（AT）、峰值强度（PI）、达峰时间（TTP）及中心区域与边缘区域的实质增强程度差异绝对值（REI）等定量参数,以CTA或DSA诊断肝动脉直径狭窄率≥50%为标准,将患者分为肝动脉狭窄组和非狭窄组。 结果 肝动脉狭窄组多普勒超声表现为Tardus Parvus波形阳性（P<0.05),超声造影狭窄组与非狭窄组相比,REI减小（P<0.05）,中心区域TTP延长（P<0.05）。 结论　Tardus Parvus波形和超声造影微灌注定量技术对肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄诊断具有一定的价值。     

颈内动脉狭窄对体循环系统影响的集中参数模型研究

研究颈内动脉病变时对整个颈动脉系统的影响。建立了一个带颈动脉分岔血管分支的体循环系统集中参数模型,基于一组可较好地模拟正常生理曲线的参数,通过改变颈内动脉段的集总参数来模拟颈内动脉狭窄,研究了其对颈动脉系统的影响。结果表明:颈内动脉发生狭窄时,会使其自身的流量、压力和颈总动脉的流量发生显著变化。这些变化主要是由液阻和液容的改变引起的,其中液阻的影响更显著。此外,颈内动脉发生狭窄对于颈外动脉的影响较小,对颈总动脉入口压力则不产生影响。由此说明:利用三维计算模型对颈动脉分岔血管进行血流动力学数值模拟时,入口边界条件用入口压力比用入口流量更合适。     

Endovascular treatment of blunt injury of the extracranial internal carotid artery: the prospect and dilemma

The extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) refers to the anatomic location that reaches from the common carotid artery proximally to the skull base distally. The extracranial ICA belongs to the C1 segment of the Bouthillier classification and is at considerable risk for injury. Currently, the understanding of endovascular treatment (EVT) for blunt injury of the extracranial ICA is limited, and a comprehensive review is therefore important. In this review, we found that extracranial ICA blunt injury should be identified in patients presenting after blunt trauma, including classical dissection, pseudoaneurysm, and stenosis/occlusion. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the first-line method for screening for extracranial ICA blunt injury, although digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the “gold standard” in imaging. Antithrombotic treatment is effective for stroke prevention. However, routine EVT in the form of stenting should be reserved for patients with prolonged neurological symptoms from arterial stenosis or considerably enlarged pseudoaneurysm. Endovascular repair is now emerging as a favored therapeutic option given its demonstrated safety and positive clinical and radiographic outcomes.     

能谱CT成像与颈部血管超声评价颈动脉狭窄的对比研究

目的 探讨能谱CT成像与颈部血管超声在颈动脉狭窄评价中的应用价值。方法 纳入2016年6月—2021年6月河南省驻马店市中心医院数字减影血管造影（DSA）确诊为颈动脉狭窄的缺血性脑卒中（IS）患者289例,其中男159例、女130例,年龄43~82（61.7±8.0）岁。患者均行能谱CT和颈部血管超声检查,以DSA诊断结果为金标准,比较能谱CT及颈部血管超声诊断颈动脉狭窄程度的一致性;比较2种检查方法对不同程度颈动脉狭窄的诊断效能;比较2种检查方法对颈总动脉易损斑块的检出率。结果 以DSA诊断结果为金标准,能谱CT及超声检测颈动脉狭窄程度Kappa值分别为0.844、0.882,均具有较好的一致性;除了颈部血管超声诊断颈动脉轻度狭窄的灵敏度较低、能谱CT诊断颈动脉轻度狭窄的阳性预测值较低外,能谱CT及颈部血管超声对不同程度颈动脉狭窄的诊断均具有较高的准确率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。在颈总动脉上,DSA共检出易损斑块1 672个;颈部血管超声检出876个,其中软斑块384个、表面不规则斑块80个、溃疡斑412个,易损斑块检出率为52.39%（876/1 672）;能谱CT检出367个,均为软斑块,易损斑块检出率为21.95%（367/1 672）。血管超声易损斑块检出率高于能谱CT,差异有统计学意义（χ²=509.00,P<0.001）。结论 能谱CT成像与颈部血管超声均能准确判断颈动脉狭窄程度,超声可能在颈总动脉易损斑块评估中更具价值,临床应用时可将两种方式联合使用。     

Unilateral agenesis of the internal carotid artery presented as transient ischaemic attack: a case report

Dysgenesis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a rare vascular disorder with a variety of different grades (agenesis, aplasia, and hypoplasia). The left internal carotid artery is reported to be affected by dysgenesis three times more often than the right one. Most of the patients with dysgenesis of the internal carotid artery are asymptomatic. We report a case of a patient with right internal carotid artery agenesis presented to our hospital as transient ischaemic attack. CT scans at skull base level with bone settings showed absence of the right carotid canal, consistent with congenital agenesis of the internal carotid artery. MR imaging of the brain revealed signal void of the intracranial portion of right internal carotid artery. Maximum intensity projection reconstruction confirmed the agenesis of the right ICA, with the right middle cerebral artery fed through a dilated posterior communicating artery and the right anterior cerebral artery supplied by the anterior communicating artery (fetal type of collateral flow). In patients with agenesis of the internal carotid artery non-invasive imaging techniques are currently the mainstay of diagnosis.     

Emergency Cervical Carotid Artery Stenting After Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke

BackgroundIntravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rtPA) is the mainstay of treatment for acute ischemic stroke to recanalize thrombosed intracranial vessels within 4.5 hours. Emergency carotid artery stenting for the treatment of acute stroke due to steno-occlusion of the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) can improve symptoms, prevent neurological deterioration, and reduce recurrent stroke risk. The feasibility and safety of the combination therapy of IV rtPA and urgent carotid artery stenting have not been established.MethodsFrom November 2005 to October 2020, we retrospectively assessed patients who had undergone emergent carotid artery stenting after IV rtPA for hyperacute ischemic stroke due to steno-occlusive proximal ICA lesion. Hemorrhagic transformation, successful recanalization, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days, and stent patency at 3 and 12 months or longer were evaluated. Favorable outcome was defined as a 90-days mRS score of ≤ 2.ResultsNineteen patients with hyperacute stroke had undergone emergent carotid artery stenting after IV rtPA therapy. Their median age was 70 (67.5–73.5) years (94.7% men). Among 15 patients with an additional intracranial occlusion after flow restoration in the proximal ICA, a modified TICI grade ≥ 2b was achieved in 11 patients (73.3%). Hemorrhagic transformation occurred in five patients (26.3%); mortality rate was 5.7%. Eleven patients (57.9%) had favorable outcomes at 90 days. Stent patients (94.1%) maintained stent patency for ≥ 12 months.ConclusionWe showed that emergent carotid artery stenting after IV rtPA therapy for hyperacute stroke caused by atherosclerotic proximal ICA steno-occlusion was feasible and safe.     

16层螺旋CT血管成像对Moyamoya病诊断价值（附30例报告）

目的探讨Moyamoya病的多层螺旋CT血管成像（CTA）临床应用价值。方法30例Moyamoya病病人,其中男性18例，女性12例，年龄14～62岁，平均年龄42．60岁。发病高峰中30～40年龄段为12例，40～50年龄段10例。做16层螺旋CTA，扫描参数为：250kV，250mA，螺距15，扫描层厚1mm。同时6例又行DSA检查，将其CTA结果与DSA图像进行比较。结果30例中病变累及颈内动脉者共27例，占总例数的90．0％，受累段均为颈内动脉末段。病变累及双侧者26例（占总例数86．7％）。30例CTA均清晰显示发生狭窄、闭塞的颈内动脉远端、大脑前中动脉近端及迂曲扩张的大脑后动脉、后交通动脉等代偿动脉，狭窄血管显示率100％；清晰显示脑底异常血管网者28例，异常血管网显示率93.3％。30例中有6例同时行DSA检查，两者检查结果完全一致。结论CTA可以清楚显示Moyamoya病脑血管改变特点，包括颅内血管狭窄及脑底异常血管网，可以考虑作为Moyamoya病诊断的重要影像学筛查方法之一。     

Wingspan Stenting for Symptomatic Severe In-Stent Stenosis of a Closed-Cell Stent after Stent-Assisted Coiling of a Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm

We report the 3-year follow-up result of Wingspan intracranial stenting for symptomatic severe in-stent stenosis after stent-assisted coiling (SAC) for a ruptured left distal internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm. A middle-aged male patient visited our hospital for in-stent stenosis of a stent that was placed to treat a ruptured ICA aneurysm. Routine follow-up cerebral angiography, 1 year after SAC, showed in-stent stenosis around the distal markers of the inserted stent at the left M1 proximal segment. Six months later, he developed right dysesthesia. We performed intracranial stenting with Wingspan stent for the in-stent stenosis. Follow-up digital subtraction angiography performed 1 year after the Wingspan stenting showed good patency of the ICA and middle cerebral artery flow without evidence of restenosis. At 3-year follow-up, magnetic resonance angiography showed sufficient middle cerebral artery flow although the stenting segment could not be visualized clearly. Wingspan stenting might be a feasible option in patients with iatrogenic intracranial stenosis resulting from in-stent stenosis who experience the progression of intracranial stenosis with manifestation of neurological symptoms despite dual anti-platelet therapy.     

缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的研究

目的:探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与缺血性脑血管病的关系。方法:将缺血性脑血管病患者99例分成TIA组,脑梗塞组,均接受颈部动脉多普勒超声检查,观察指标为动脉粥样硬化斑块的好发部位,超声分型及颈内动脉(ICA)颅外段狭窄度。结果:颈部动脉多普勒超声检查显示TIA组和脑梗塞组异常率均明显高于健康人,差异有显著性(P<0.01),TIA组与脑梗塞组异常率相比也有显著性差异(P<0.05)。病变血管分布与症状间有相关关系P<0.01)。从动脉粥样硬化斑块好发部位及超声分型来看,动脉粥样硬化斑最多见于颈总动脉分叉处(BIF).其次是颈总动脉(CCA),再其次是ICA起始部,TIA组与脑梗塞组均以扁平斑多见,其次是软斑和硬斑,溃疡斑少见。另外ICA颅外段狭窄度与症状间呈显著相关(P<0.01)。结论:颈动脉粥样硬化班块,是缺血性脑血骨病发生的重要危险因素之一。颈动脉粥样硬化程度越重.发生严重缺血性卒中的危险性越高。     

颈动脉彩色多普勒超声对老年高血压患者颈动脉病变情况诊断价值

目的探讨颈动脉彩色多普勒超声对老年高血压患者颈动脉病变情况诊断价值。方法抽取60例老年高血压患者与57例健康者分别设为病例组与对照组,均行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声,比较两组检查结果。结果病例组颈动脉狭窄率为88.3%,斑块形成率为80.00%,内膜中层厚度(IMT)、颈动脉内径(D)、阻力指数(RI)均较对照组高(P <0.05);病例组颈内动脉、颈总动脉最大剪切率(SR)以及收缩期峰值流速(PSV)均低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论颈动脉彩色多普勒超声对老年高血压患者颈动脉病变具有较高诊断价值,值得推广。     

Classification of carotid artery stenosis of patients with diabetes by neural network and logistic regression

The blood flow hemodynamics of carotid arteries were obtained from carotid arteries of 168 individuals with diabetes using the 7.5 MHz ultrasound Doppler M-unit. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) methods were used for feature extraction from the Doppler signals on the time-frequency domain. The parameters, obtained from the Doppler sonograms, were applied to the mathematical models that were constituted to analyze the effect of diabetes on internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. In this study, two different mathematical models such as the traditional statistical method based on logistic regression and a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network were used to classify the Doppler parameters. The correct classification of these data was performed by an expert radiologist using angiograpy before they were executed by logistic regression and MLP neural networks. We classified the carotid artery stenosis into two categories such as non-stenosis and stenosis and we achieved similar results (correctly classified (CC) = 92.8%) in both mathematical models. But, as the degree of stenosis had been increased to 4 (0-39%, 40-59%, 60-79% and 80-99% diameter stenosis), it was found that the neural network (CC = 73.9%) became more efficient than the logistic regression analysis (CC = 67.7%). These outcomes indicate that the Doppler sonograms taken from the carotid arteries may be classified successfully by neural network.     

Can contrast-enhanced ultrasound with second-generation contrast agents replace computed tomography angiography for distinguishing between occlusion and pseudo-occlusion of the internal carotid artery?

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound with a second-generation contrast agent in distinguishing between occlusion and pseudo-occlusion of the cervical internal carotid artery, comparing it with that of conventional Doppler ultrasound and the gold standard, computed tomography angiography.

METHOD:

Between June 2006 and June 2012, we screened 72 symptomatic vascular surgery outpatients at a public hospital. Among those patients, 78 cervical internal carotid arteries were previously classified as occluded by Doppler ultrasound (without contrast). The patients were examined again with Doppler ultrasound, as well as with contrast-enhanced ultrasound and computed tomography angiography. The diagnosis was based on the presence or absence of flow.

RESULTS:

Among the 78 cervical internal carotid arteries identified as occluded by Doppler ultrasound, occlusion was confirmed by computed tomography angiography in only 57 (73.1%), compared with 59 (77.5%) for which occlusion was confirmed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (p>0.5 vs. computed tomography angiography). Comparing contrast-enhanced ultrasound with Doppler ultrasound, we found that the proportion of cervical internal carotid arteries classified as occluded was 24.4% higher when the latter was used (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

We conclude that, in making the differential diagnosis between occlusion and pseudo-occlusion of the cervical internal carotid artery, contrast-enhanced ultrasound with a second-generation contrast agent is significantly more effective than conventional Doppler ultrasound and is equally as effective as the gold standard (computed tomography angiography). Our findings suggest that contrast-enhanced ultrasound could replace computed tomography angiography in this regard.     

Prevalence of Asymptomatic Critical Carotid Artery Stenosis in Korean Patients with Chronic Atherosclerotic Lower Extremity Ischemia: Is a Screening Carotid Duplex Ultrasonography Worthwhile?

This study aimed to investigate prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) in Korean patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and identify predictive factors of ACAS in patients with PAD. Between 1994 and 2008, 546 patients who underwent bypass surgery due to PAD were identified in a single tertiary teaching hospital. Of those, 409 patients underwent preoperative screening carotid duplex ultrasonography (CDUS). Patients who had an episode of cerebrovascular event or previous carotid artery intervention were excluded and then a retrospective analysis was made of 340 patients. The degree of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis was determined by the criteria of Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference. To determine the risk factors of ACAS, demographic, coexisting medical condition and lesion characteristics were tested with binary logistic regression model. The prevalence of ≥70% ICA stenosis was 14%. ICA occlusion was detected in 7.1%. Multivariate analysis revealed age >65 yr (OR: 2.610, 95% CI: 1.197-5.691) and coronary artery disease (CAD, OR: 2.333, 95% CI: 1.169-4.657) are predictive factors of ≥70% stenosis. A PAD patient who needs revascularization, particularly, >65 yr or has a concomitant CAD, can be a good candidate of screening CDUS.     

Surgical treatment of bilateral occlusive-stenotic lesions of carotid arteries

The study included 136 patients with atherosclerotic lesions of carotid arteries allocated to 3 groups depending on the state of contralateral arteries. Group1: patients with stenosis and occlusion of contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA) (n = 31); group 2: patients with bilateral carotid stenosis (n = 62); group 3: patients with unilateral ICA stenosis (n = 43). 20, 54 and 34 patients of these groups respectively were operated. A total of 139 carotid endarterectomies (CA) were performed including 11 one-step CA. Overall postoperative lethality was 2.78, 5 and 3.7% in the respective groups. It is concluded that patients with multiple lesions of aortic arch are at highest risk of ischemic stroke. Step by step CA is recommended for their treatment. Intraluminal shunting is optional.     

Central Sleep Apnea Indicates Autonomic Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: A Potential Marker of Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Risk

Study Objectives:

Arteriosclerosis related stenosis in the carotid bulb causes autonomic imbalance, likely due to carotid chemoreceptor and baroreceptor dysfunction. The latter are associated with increased cerebrovascular and cardiovascular mortality. Chemoreceptor and baroreceptor dysfunction is also involved in the origin of central sleep apnea syndrome (CSA) in different clinical entities. We hypothesized that CSA is associated with stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The mechanism of this association is an autonomic imbalance induced by stenosis-mediated chemoreceptor and baroreceptor dysfunction.

Design:

Cross-sectional prospective study.

Setting:

University-based tertiary referral sleep clinic and research center.

Patients:

Fifty-nine patients with various degrees of asymptomatic extracranial ICA (eICA) (n = 49) and intracranial ICA (iICA) stenosis (n = 10) were investigated.

Interventions:

Polysomnography to detect CSA and analysis of spontaneous heart rate variability (HRV) to detect autonomic imbalance.

Measurements and Results:

CSA occurred in 39% of the patients with eICA stenosis but was absent in patients with iICA stenosis. CSA was present in patients with severe eICA stenosis of ≥ 70% on one side. Independent predictors for CSA were severity of stenosis, asymmetric distribution of stenosis between both eICA and autonomic imbalance, namely a decrease of parasympathetic tone. The specific constellation of HRV-parameters indicated increased chemoreceptor sensitivity and impaired baroreflex sensitivity.

Conclusions:

CSA indicates autonomic dysfunction in patients with asymptomatic eICA stenosis. Detection of CSA may help to identify asymptomatic patients with an increased risk of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular events who particularly benefit from carotid revascularization.

Citation:

Rupprecht S; Hoyer D; Hagemann G; Witte OW; Schwab M. Central sleep apnea indicates autonomic dysfunction in asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a potential marker of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular risk. SLEEP 2010;33(3):327-333.     

经皮血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄26例临床分析

目的:分析总结26例经皮血管内支架置入治疗颈动脉狭窄的方法、适应症和并发症的预防和处理。方法:所选病例均经脑血管造影确诊,围手术期及长期抗血小板聚集治疗,采用经股动脉插管,置入自膨式支架对颈动脉颅外段狭窄进行治疗。结果:26例手术均获得成功,3例出现不同程度脑血管痉挛,1例术中出现微栓子脱落轻度卒中,5例术中出现一过性心动过缓血压下降,2例术后持续性低血压,经积极处理未出现永久并发症,所有病例症状明显好转或消失,影像学上颈动脉狭窄得到有效改善,脑组织血管染色好转;随访5-18个月,未发生明显脑缺血症状,无发现支架内再狭窄病例。结论:颈动脉狭窄血管内支架治疗是一项安全有效的治疗手段,适应证的选择和术后的处理以及娴熟的操作技巧及脑保护装置的使用是手术成功的关键。     

磁共振全脑容积动脉自旋标记成像评价单侧颈动脉狭窄患者脑血流动力学的初步研究

目的探讨磁共振全脑容积灌注3D动脉自旋标记（3DASL）成像在单侧颈动脉狭窄或闭塞中的应用价值。方法对连续36例单侧颈动脉狭窄患者（经数字减影血管造影（DSA）验证）行颈部磁共振血管成像（MRA）与头部MR3DASL检查。检验颈部MRA与DSA在狭窄程度上诊断的一致性。以DSA诊断的狭窄程度为标准,将36例患者分成轻、中、重3组,对3DASL所测得的患侧,健侧脑血流量（CBF）比率进行方差分析。以临床症状为标准,将重度狭窄的患者分为有症状组和无症状组,分析2组患侧,踺侧CBF比率的统计学意义。结果颈部MRA与DSA在动脉血管狭窄程度上的诊断,经Kappa行一致性检验,有很强的一致性（Kappa〉0．75,P〈0．05）。轻、中度狭窄组间患侧楗侧CBF比率差别无统计学意义（P〉O．05）;重度狭窄组与轻、中度狭窄组患侧健侧CBF比率差别均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。重度狭窄患者的有症状组与无症状组患侧,睦侧CBF比率差别有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论3DASL技术作为一种安全、无创和可重复的检查方式,配合颈部MRA,对评价单侧颈动脉狭窄患者脑血流动力学状况在临床诊治方面有重要意义。     

Serum levels of platelet released CD40 ligand are increased in early onset occlusive carotid artery disease

Objective: Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) has been suggested as a key mediator between inflammation and atherosclerosis, and the CD40-CD40L interaction has a role in atherosclerotic lesion progression. We evaluated if platelet released serum sCD40L and sCD40 levels differ between patients with early onset occlusive carotid artery disease and age-matched controls. Methods: sCD40L and sCD40 levels were measured in serum samples of 60 patients with occlusive carotid artery disease and 30 age-matched controls using ELISA. Degree of stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA), and intima-media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid artery were measured by high resolution ultrasound. Values are given as mean ± SD. Results: Mean age was 50.9 ± 3.5 and 50.1 ± 3.5 years in the patient and control groups. IMT was significantly thicker in patients than in controls (0.89 ± 0.14 vs. 0.78 ±0.12 mm, p = 0.0003). Serum levels of sCD40L were significantly higher (6.9 ± 5 vs. 4.5 ± 3.0 ng/mL, p = 0.038) in patients, whereas sCD40 did not differ significantly between patients and controls (85 ± 56.9 vs. 79.3 ± 18.7 pg/mL, p = 0.34). IMT did not correlate with sCD40L or sCD40 levels (R = −0.03, p = 0.77; and R = 0.109, p = 0.308, respectively). Conclusions: sCD40L but not sCD40 levels are significantly higher in patients with occlusive carotid artery disease. Platelet derived sCD40L may be a key mediator among inflammation, thrombosis and atherosclerosis.     

Carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery

We described 9 consecutive patients who underwent operative carotid artery exploration with attempted carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Indications for this surgery based on vascular imaging included segmental occlusion of the proximal ICA and also extensive occlusion of the distal ICA in selected patients in whom color-flow duplex ultrasound showed a poorly echogenic or anechoic thrombus with a flow void, suggestive of an acute thrombus. CEA was performed successfully to restore blood flow in all 9 patients:CEA in 5 and CEA with Fogarty thrombectomy in 4. Postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) angiography confirmed that revascularization had been successful in all 9 patients, and MR imaging displayed improved perfusion in 4 patients. Despite the lack of a generalized efficacy of surgical revascularization for symptomatic ICA occlusion, our study demonstrated that preoperative vascular imaging allows the selection of patients who may benefit from CEA.     

Points to consider when evaluating three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography of intracranial aneurysms and their effects on treatment

Background/aimIn this study, we aimed to investigate what should be regarded as potential determinants of treatment strategies when evaluating 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images.Material and methodsOur inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) presence of at least one intracranial aneurysm demonstrated by conventional angiography, (2) having both 2D and 3D images, and (3) being over 18 years old. First, two-dimensional (2D) and then 3D angiography images of 226 aneurysms of 150 patients were scanned. Morphological characteristics such as size, configurations, relationship with parent artery, baby counts, and other incidental findings were determined.ResultsOf the 226 aneurysms, 11 (4.9%) were only detected on 3D images. Four of these 11 additional aneurysms were believed to be babies of other aneurysms seen in 2D images. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 segment was the most common localization in terms of missed aneurysms. Of the 28 aneurysms located in the communicating segment of the internal carotid artery, the absolute locations of 7 (25%) could not be detected in 2D images or detected in the wrong location. Of the 24 aneurysms located in the ophthalmic segment, the origin of 8 (33%) could not be clearly identified in 2D images. Truncus relationships of MCAs bifurcation/trifurcation aneurysms were seen in 41 of 63 aneurysms (65%) on 2D images, whereas all were confirmed on 3D images. Fenestrations not seen in 2D images were identified in 3D images of 4 patients (3%).ConclusionThe superiority of 3D images compared to 2D images in determining the morphologic characteristics of intracranial aneurysms has been known for a long time. The contribution of 3D images to the treatment can be summarized as evaluating the parent artery relationship, revealing the number and shapes of aneurysm babies more clearly, detecting fenestrations, and shortening procedure time by finding the correct working angle.