微创玻璃体切割术治疗高度近视性黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效

目的：观察微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术治疗高度近视性黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离(macular hole retinal detachment,MHRD)的临床效果。

方法：回顾性非随机临床研究。纳入2011-01/2016-12我院高度近视MHRD患者26例26眼,所有患者均行标准三通道经睫状体平坦部23G微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术。术后定期进行最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、眼压、裂隙灯眼前节和眼底检查,并用光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查黄斑裂孔解剖情况。以发病年龄、裂孔Gass分期、发病天数、裂孔闭合形态(W、V、U型)、初始视力5项作为自变量进行Logistic回归分析,探讨影响术后BCVA的因素。

结果：高度近视MHRD术后黄斑裂孔(macular hole,MH)闭合率为58%。依据OCT图像,将高度近视MHRD术后OCT闭合形态分为3类：U型(3眼),相对正常的中心凹形状; V型(4眼),黄斑中心凹较陡; W型(8眼),黄斑中心凹处神经上皮缺损,但裂孔缘未翘起,无囊腔形成。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,术后预后视力提高与裂孔闭合OCT形态和初始视力相关(P<0.05),术后U型裂孔闭合视力提高是W型的6.9倍。

结论：微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术是治疗高度近视MHRD的有效方式。高度近视MHRD术后视力提高与黄斑裂孔愈合的OCT形态和初始视力相关。     

光学相干断层扫描在高度近视黄斑裂孔硅油填充术后的疗效评估

目的: 光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)评价高度近视黄斑裂孔硅油填充术后疗效评估。方法: 回顾性分析20例20眼高度近视黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离行玻璃体切除术后硅油填充的病例,术后平均随访7mo,随访时给予OCT检查,评估黄斑裂孔闭合及视网膜复位,记录最佳矫正视力情况。结果: 术后OCT表现有3种:黄斑裂孔闭合2眼(10%),黄斑裂孔未闭合但视网膜复位16眼(80%),黄斑裂孔未闭合伴视网膜浅脱离2眼(10%)。术后最佳矫正视力较术前有所提高,视力的提高与黄斑孔的解剖学复位情况密切相关。术后无严重并发症发生。结论: OCT用于高度近视黄斑裂孔硅油填充术后随访可以明确诊断黄斑裂孔闭合及视网膜复位情况,为硅油取出时机提供参考。     

PPV联合内界膜翻转覆盖或填塞术治疗大底径特发性黄斑裂孔

目的:探讨玻璃体切除术(PPV)联合内界膜(ILM)翻转覆盖术或填塞术治疗底径大于1000μm特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)的有效性及安全性.方法:回顾性临床研究.选取2018-01/2020-12在汕头国际眼科中心就诊的IMH底径大于1000μm的56例患者57眼作为研究对象,根据手术方式的不同分为2组,其中PPV联合IL...     

Prevalence and characteristics of foveal retinal detachment without macular hole in high myopia

PURPOSE: To report the prevalence of foveal retinal detachment without macular hole in a large number of highly myopic eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and to clarify the demographic characteristics associated with foveal retinal detachment in these eyes. DESIGN: A consecutive, prospective, observational case series. METHODS: In 134 eyes of 78 consecutive patients with high myopia (refractive error of -8 diopters or more), we performed complete ophthalmic examinations and studied cross-sectional images of the macula with OCT. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence (group 1, n = 78 eyes of 45 patients) or absence (group 2, n = 56 eyes of 33 patients) of posterior staphyloma. Slit-lamp examination with a Goldmann three-mirror lens indicated that none of the eyes had a macular hole. RESULTS: In seven of 78 eyes (9.0%) with posterior staphyloma (group 1), OCT revealed foveal retinal detachment. Two of the seven eyes had foveal retinoschisis. Optical coherence tomography revealed no retinal detachment or retinoschisis in any eye without posterior staphyloma (group 2). Visual acuity of the seven eyes with foveal retinal detachment ranged from 20/40 to 20/200. Two of the seven eyes had visual acuity 20/50 or better. No patients complained of recent, progressive visual impairment. All seven eyes with foveal retinal detachment had severe myopic fundus changes (focal chorioretinal atrophy or bare sclera). CONCLUSIONS: In highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma, the prevalence of foveal retinal detachment without macular hole was 9.0%. In eyes with this type of retinal detachment, visual acuity varies and foveal retinal detachment tends to be missed on routine examination. Periodic examination using OCT is recommended for highly myopic eyes with severe myopic degenerative changes and posterior staphyloma.     

特发性黄斑裂孔手术成功愈合后的光相干断层扫描图像分析

目的 研究玻璃体切除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)手术成功愈合后的光相干断层扫描(OCT)图像特征及其与视功能恢复的关系。 方法 IMH患者24例25只眼，通过玻璃体切除、内界膜剥除、自体血清注入等手术，黄斑裂孔均已成功闭合。回顾分析IMH患者OCT图像特征，IMH II级9只眼,III级13只眼，IV级3只眼。手术后3~24个月进行视力、最佳矫正视力、裂隙灯、视网膜镜、间接检眼镜、荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）及OCT检查 。 结果 IMH手术使黄斑裂孔成功闭合后，其OCT图像大致可分成3组。U型5只眼：相对正常的中心凹形状；V型7只眼：黄斑中心凹较陡；W型13只眼：黄斑中心凹处神经上皮缺损，但裂孔缘未翘起，无囊腔形成。手术后患者视力均有提高，以U型视力预后最好。 结 论 IMH的OCT图像特征与手术后视力相关。 （中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：90-93）     

Tomographic features and surgical outcomes of vitreomacular traction syndrome

PURPOSE: To study the relation between preoperative macular changes and surgical outcomes in vitreomacular traction syndrome. DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: We prospectively examined 14 eyes of 13 patients (aged 48 to 82 years; mean 66.1) with vitreomacular traction syndrome using optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after vitreous surgery. RESULTS: OCT demonstrated two types of partial posterior vitreous detachment: incomplete V-shaped detachment in 10 eyes (group 1) and partial detachment temporal to the fovea but attached nasally in 4 eyes (group 2). Preoperative OCT showed foveal retinal detachment in all eyes in group 1; the detached retina was intact in 2 eyes and edematous with (6 eyes) or without (2 eyes) cystic changes. After surgery, these 10 eyes had a normal foveal configuration accompanied by visual improvement. In group 2, 3 of the 4 eyes had prominent cystoid macular edema (CME) without foveal retinal detachment before surgery. After surgery, 2 eyes developed a full-thickness macular hole, 1 had persistent CME, and 1 developed macular atrophy. The visual acuity decreased in 2 eyes and remained the same in 2 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Two types of vitreous traction develop in vitreomacular traction syndrome: an incomplete V-shaped posterior vitreous detachment that leads to foveal retinal detachment, the surgical outcome of which is favorable, and partial posterior vitreous detachment temporal to the fovea in which prominent CME developed, which may result in a macular hole or macular atrophy postoperatively.     

Correlation of macular function with retinal thickness in nonproliferative type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia

PURPOSE: To correlate macular thickness determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) with light increment sensitivity and visual acuity in patients with type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia (IMT). DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Fifty-one eyes of 30 patients with type 2 IMT were investigated. Functional assessment included best-corrected visual acuity and fundus-related microperimetry (MP1; Nidek Technologies, Padova, Italy). Retinal thickness was analyzed quantitatively by OCT3 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). The main outcome measure was the correlation of light sensitivity and visual acuity with retinal thickness. RESULTS: Mean central retinal thickness was reduced compared with that of normal eyes. There was no significant correlation between central foveal thickness and foveal light sensitivity or visual acuity, respectively. Also, there was no significant correlation between mean retinal thickness temporal to the fovea and the lowest light sensitivity within that area. However, central light sensitivity in eyes with normal central foveal thickness was lower than in eyes with subnormal central foveal thickness (P = .032); this was also true for the lowest light sensitivity found temporal to the fovea (P = .025). Mean visual acuity was 20/40 and did not show significant differences in the two thickness groups. CONCLUSIONS: A subnormal foveal thickness in type 2 IMT may be associated with better macular function as assessed by microperimetry. It is hypothesized that in type 2 IMT, both a primary neurosensory thinning and a low-grade macular edema can be involved. The coincidence may result in normal retinal thickness but decreased retinal function.     

Macular morphologic reconstruction and visual recovery in patients following macular hole surgery]

PURPOSE: To examine the characteristics of retinal reconstruction at the macula following macular hole surgery and to assess the impact of postoperative macular morphological changes on the visual outcome. METHODS: A prototype of the scanning retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) was used to obtain optical section images at the macula in 53 eyes of 52 patients who underwent macular hole surgery between April 1994 and July 1997. The mean age of participants was 64.7 years. At the time of RTA examination, macular hole was biomicroscopically closed in 49 eyes (91%) and unclosed in 5 eyes (9%). RESULTS: There were 5 types of cross-sectional images of postoperative maculae: normal foveal depression [19 eyes (36%)], crater-like fovea formation [12 eyes (22%)], flattened fovea [8 eyes (15%)], fovea with abraded retinal pigment epithelium [9 eyes (17%)], and persistant macular hole [5 eyes (9%)]. Central macular thickness measured by RTA was 165 +/- 39 (mean +/- standard dereation) microns in the normal foveal depression group, 210 +/- 67 microns in the crater-like fovea formation group, and 300 +/- 50 microns in the flatened fovea group. There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) between groups. Postoperative visual acuity was significantly different (p < 0.01) between these three groups, and central macular thickness was highly correlated with postoperative visual acuity (R = 0.70). CONCLUSION: Visual recovery following macular hole surgery is closely associated with the retinal reconstruction at the macula.     

Macular hole size as a prognostic factor in macular hole surgery

BACKGROUND/AIM: In 1991 there was a series of successful closures of a macular hole after vitrectomy and membrane peeling. Today this technique has become a standard procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of optical coherence tomography in diagnosing and staging, as well as in predicting, the functional and anatomical outcome after macular hole surgery. METHOD: In a prospective study 94 consecutive patients (20 male, 74 female) with a mean age of 67.6 (SD 6.0) years and a macular hole stage II (n = 8), III (n = 72), and IV (n = 14) according to the classification by Gass were examined with optical coherence tomography (OCT) before pars plana vitrectomy. Macular hole diameters were determined at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (base diameter) and at the minimal extent of the hole (minimum diameter). Calculated hole form factor (HFF) was correlated with the postoperative anatomical success rate and best corrected visual acuity. The duration of symptoms was correlated with base and minimum diameter of the macular hole. RESULTS: In eyes without anatomical closure of the macular hole after one surgical approach (13/94) the base diameter (p1) and the minimum diameter (p2) were significantly larger than in cases with immediate postsurgical closure (p1 = 0.003; p2 = 0.028). There was a significant negative correlation between both the base and the minimum diameter of the hole and the postoperative visual function (p1 = 0.016; p2 = 0.002). In all patients with HFF >0.9 the macular hole was closed following one surgical procedure, whereas in eyes with HFF <0.5 anatomical success rate was 67%. Better postoperative visual outcome correlated with higher HFF (p = 0.050). There was no significant correlation between the duration of symptoms and base or minimum diameters (p1 = 0.053; p2 = 0.164), respectively. CONCLUSION: Preoperative measurement of macular hole size with OCT can provide a prognostic factor for postoperative visual outcome and anatomical success rate of macular hole surgery. The duration of symptoms did not correlate with the diameters measured. Base and minimum diameters especially seem to be of predictive value in macular hole surgery.     

Persistent outer retinal defect after successful macular hole repair

PURPOSE: To report two cases of a persistent outer retinal defect evident by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after clinically successful macular hole surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: A retrospective case series of two patients who had a persistent outer retinal defect by OCT and excellent visual acuity after clinically successful macular hole surgery. RESULTS: Two patients with stage 2 macular holes and preoperative visual acuity of 20/70 and 20/60, respectively, underwent macular hole surgery. Although the macular holes were closed on clinical evaluation, a persistent outer retinal defect was identified by OCT in both patients. At 5 to 6 months postoperatively, the outer retinal defect became less prominent and the visual acuity remained at 20/20 in both patients. CONCLUSIONS: An outer retinal defect by OCT may occur in the early postoperative period after macular hole surgery. Despite this defect, good visual acuity is possible.     

光学相干断层成像术观察超声乳化白内障吸除术后黄斑变化

目的　探讨超声乳化白内障吸除术后黄斑形态的变化及其可能的影响因素。方法　对行超声乳化白内障吸除术 ,且术前无合并症、术中无并发症发生的单纯老年性白内障患者 80例 (80只眼 )于术前和术后 1周分别行光学相干断层成像术 (opticalcoherencetomography ,OCT)检查 ;按术中使用的超声能量高低分成 2个组。观察黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的变化及其与术中超声能量、术后前房炎性反应和视力的关系。结果　 80只眼黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度术前为 (14 2 9± 16 7) μm ,术后为 (15 7 9± 36 7) μm ,两者比较差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。术后 3只眼出现黄斑水肿 ,11只眼出现房水中度闪光 ,黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度术前为 (139 9± 11 3) μm ,术后为 (197 6± 36 9) μm ,两者比较差异有显著意义 (t =2 75 1,P <0 0 5 )。低能量组术后黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度为 (15 6 2± 18 3) μm ,高能量组为 (172 6± 32 9) μm ,两者比较差异有显著意义 (t=2 4 11,P <0 0 5 )。术后最佳矫正视力与黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度呈负相关性 (r=- 0 82 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　超声乳化白内障吸除术可导致术眼黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度增加及黄斑水肿 ;术中高超声能量可明显影响术后黄斑中心凹视网膜的形态 ;术后黄斑中心     

Tomographic assessment of vitreous surgery for diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To evaluate the retinal structure before and after vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema and to assess the correlation between thickness of neurosensory retina and best-corrected visual acuity. METHODS: Tomographic features of 13 eyes (nine patients) with diabetic macular edema were prospectively evaluated with optical coherence tomography before and after vitrectomy. The foveal thickness (the distance between the inner retinal surface and the retinal pigment epithelium) and the retinal thickness (thickness of neurosensory retina) were measured by optical coherence tomography preoperatively and postoperatively. The correlation of the best-corrected visual acuity with foveal and retinal thickness was determined. RESULTS: All 13 eyes had retinal swelling with low intraretinal reflectivity. In addition to retinal swelling, there were cystoid spaces in five (38%) of 13 eyes, a serous retinal detachment in three (23%), and both cystoid spaces and serous detachment in three (23%). Six months postoperatively, the mean foveal thickness significantly decreased from 630 +/- 170 to 350 +/- 120 microm (P <.01, paired t test) and the mean thickness of neurosensory retina decreased from 540 +/- 160 to 320 +/- 140 microm (P <.01, paired t test). A serous retinal detachment occurred transiently in 3 eyes. Compared with the preoperative level, the postoperative best-corrected visual acuity level improved by more than 2 lines in five of the 13 eyes (38%), remained the same in seven eyes (54%), and decreased in one eye (8%). The postoperative thickness of neurosensory retina at the fovea and best-corrected visual acuity level at the sixth postoperative month had a strong negative correlation (correlation coefficient, -0.76; P <.01, Spearmans rank test). CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy was generally effective in treatment of diabetic macular edema. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated the intraretinal changes of macular edema and the process of edema absorption. During the process of macular edema absorption, intraretinal fluid appeared to move into the subretinal space in some cases. Best-corrected visual acuity improvement was greater in eyes with less preoperative increase in thickness of neurosensory retina.     

闭合性眼外伤致黄斑裂孔的光相干断层扫描图像分析

目的 观察外伤性黄斑裂孔的光相干断层扫描（OCT）形态特征及其临床意义。方法 对采用国际标准视力表、裂隙灯显微镜、直接或间接检眼镜、三面镜检查确诊的74例闭合性眼外伤致黄斑裂孔患者74只眼进行光相干断层扫描（OCT）检查。利用OCT分析软件对外伤性黄斑裂孔进行定量测量,并根据OCT图像特征对外伤性黄斑裂孔进行分型。OCT检查完毕用Topcon眼底照相机进行眼底50°彩色照相。回顾分析患者黄斑裂孔与平均视力、病程、孔缘神经上皮层厚度、裂孔底径、孔径之间的相互关系。结果 74只眼的OCT图像特征可分为5种类型。其中,黄斑裂孔伴神经上皮层对称性水肿27只眼,占36.5%;黄斑裂孔伴神经上皮层不对称性水肿12只眼,占16.2%;单纯性黄斑裂孔14只眼占18.9%;黄斑裂孔伴神经上皮层局限性脱离17只眼,占23.0%;黄斑裂孔伴神经上皮层变薄4只眼,占5.4%。不同类型的黄斑裂孔之间视力比较,差异无统计学意义（F=1.574, P=0.191）;其视力与孔缘平均神经上皮层厚度呈正相关 （r＝0.342,P＝0.003）,与致伤时间、年龄、裂孔直径无明显相关关系（r＝-0.022～-0.134,P＝0.863～0.261）。黄 斑裂孔伴神经上皮层局限脱离者,病程较其它各型黄斑裂孔者病程短;病程90 d及以上的患者中,黄斑裂孔伴神经上皮层对称性水肿最多。各型黄斑裂孔的孔缘神经上皮层厚度之间比较,差异有统计学意义（F=13.921, P=0.000）。结论 外伤性黄斑裂孔可根据OCT形态特征分为5种类型,不同类型的外伤性黄斑裂孔临床特征存在差异。     

The effects of laser photocoagulation on reopened macular holes, as assessed by optical coherence tomography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of laser photocoagulation on reopened macular holes. METHODS: This study involved 9 eyes from 9 patients who underwent laser photocoagulation coupled with fluid-gas exchange for reopened macular holes. The photocoagulation was performed at the center of the macular hole. Closure of the reopened hole was categorized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) according to the presence (type 1 closure) or absence (type 2 closure) of continuity in the foveal tissue. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), closure types, and complications were assessed. RESULTS: Upon final examination, all macular holes were found to have closed. Six eyes were classified as type 1 closure, and three were classified as type 2 closure. The mean BCVAs, before and after laser photocoagulation, were 0.11 and 0.31, respectively (P<.05). The eyes with type 1 closure were associated with shorter symptom durations and greater visual improvement than those with type 2 closure (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of laser photocoagulation and fluid-gas exchange appears to be a safe and effective treatment for reopened macular holes. Early intervention should be encouraged to ensure complete hole closure and improved visual outcomes.     

Tomographic features of early macular hole closure after vitreous surgery

PURPOSE: To report the optical coherence tomographic features of macular hole closure in the first months after vitreous surgery. METHODS: We studied prospectively the tomographic features of 28 eyes (28 patients) with idiopathic macular holes before and after vitreous surgery by optical coherence tomography. We compared the best-corrected visual acuity levels with the postoperative tomographic features. RESULTS: The 25 eyes with successfully sealed macular holes had one of two tomographic features within 1 month postoperatively: simple closure (normal foveal configuration) in 14 eyes (56%) or a bridge formation at the fovea that mimicked a foveal retinal detachment in 11 eyes (44%). It took an average of 2.0 months (range, 0.8 to 3.5 months) for the bridge tissue to attach to the retinal pigment epithelium. Best-corrected visual acuity quickly improved in the former group; visual improvement began 1 month after attachment of the bridge tissue in the latter group. A closed hole reopened 4 months postoperatively in one eye with a bridge formation. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic macular holes have one of two patterns early after surgical closure, simple closure or a bridge formation. Visual improvement starts after the fovea assumes a normal configuration. The bridge formation appears to reflect an early phase and fragile condition in the anatomic closure of macular holes.     

Early postoperative retinal thickness changes and complications after vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To determine the early postoperative changes in retinal thickness and complications after pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema. DESIGN: Consecutive interventional case series. METHODS: Studied retrospectively, pars plana vitrectomy was performed on 65 consecutive eyes of 63 patients with diabetic macular edema. The follow-up interval ranged from 6 to 36 months (12.6 +/- 7.4 months [mean +/- standard deviation (SD)]). The indications of pars plana vitrectomy in this study were (1) diffuse diabetic macular edema, (2) preoperative visual acuity less than 20/40, and (3) noneffective macular photocoagulation therapy. Preoperative and postoperative examinations by stereoscopic biomicroscopy, color fundus photography of the macula and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed on all eyes. Preoperatively, direct photocoagulation to microaneurysms in the macula had been performed in 48 eyes, and focal/grid photocoagulation had been performed in five eyes. Preoperative examination showed that epiretinal membranes were observed in 20 eyes, cystoid macular edema in 40 eyes, and 23 eyes had a complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Epimacular membranes, removed during surgery, were examined histopathologically. RESULTS: The postoperative mean best-corrected visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] = 0.696 +/- 0.491 [mean +/- SD]) was significantly better than the preoperative mean best-corrected visual acuity (0.827 +/- 0.361; P <.0001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The final visual acuity improved by 2 or more lines in 32 of 65 eyes (45%), remained unchanged in 32 of 65 eyes (49%), and exacerbated after the surgery in 4 of 65 eyes (6%) due to neovascular glaucoma (2 eyes) and residual cystoid macular edema (2 eyes). The postoperative foveal retinal thickness (224.9 +/- 116.9 microm) at the last visit was significantly thinner than the preoperative foveal retinal thickness (463.7 +/- 177.3 microm; P <.0001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The foveal retinal thickness did not decrease linearly but fluctuated: The mean postoperative retinal thickness had decreased significantly 7 days after surgery, then remained unchanged for approximately 1 month, and thereafter gradually decreased until 4 months. The intraoperative and postoperative complications included peripheral retinal tear in 3 of 65 (4.6%) eyes, postoperative rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 1 of 65 (1.5%) eyes, neovascular glaucoma in 3 of 65 (5%) eyes, recurrent vitreous hemorrhage in 1 of 65 (1.5%) eyes, hard exudates in the center of the macula in 3 of 56 (4.6%) eyes, postoperative epiretinal membrane formation in 9 of 65 (13.8%) eyes, and a lamellar macular hole in 1 of 65 (1.5%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema is an effective procedure for reducing the edema and improving visual acuity. Because the postoperative reduction in retinal thickness is not complete until 4 months, the assessment of vitrectomy on foveal thickness should not be made until this time. In addition, there are severe complications from vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema, and careful preoperative and postoperative examinations and surgical methods are required.     

Retreatment of full-thickness macular hole: predictive value of optical coherence tomography

AIM: To determine whether the efficacy of re-operation for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) remaining open after initial surgery with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling is correlated with macular hole configuration as determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT), macular hole size, macular hole duration before the first operation, or type of tamponade (gas or silicone oil). METHODS: A retrospective consecutive interventional case series of 28 patients (28 eyes) with a persisting macular hole after vitrectomy, ILM peel, and gas tamponade. 28 patients underwent repeat surgery involving vitrectomy and gas (n = 15) or silicone oil tamponade (n = 12) or no tamponade (n = 1). Autologous platelet concentrate (n = 22), autologous whole blood (n = 1), or no adjuvant (n = 5) was used. Preoperative OCT was undertaken in all eyes. The main outcome measures were anatomical closure and improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). RESULTS: Anatomical closure was achieved in 19 of 28 eyes (68%). BCVA improved in 12 eyes, remained unchanged in nine, and worsened in seven. BCVA improved in 11 of 19 eyes with anatomical closure, and in one of eight eyes without closure. Anatomical closure and improvement of BCVA correlated with preoperative macular hole configuration on OCT, with higher rates of closure (18 of 20 eyes versus one of eight eyes, p = 0.001) and greater improvement of BCVA (p = 0.048) in eyes with a cuff of subretinal fluid at the break margin. Macular hole size, type of tamponade, macular hole duration before the first operation, or preoperative BCVA did not significantly correlate with visual or anatomical outcome. CONCLUSION: Macular hole configuration seems to be a strong prognostic indicator of anatomical closure and may help identify those patients most likely to benefit from re-operation.     

Macular configuration determined by optical coherence tomography after idiopathic macular hole surgery with or without internal limiting membrane peeling

AIMS: To evaluate the effect of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with or without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling on the closure and configuration of idiopathic macular holes (IMH). METHODS: PPV was performed for IMH on 44 eyes with ILM peeling (ILM peeled group) and on 42 eyes without ILM removal (ILM preserved group). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed on 34 ILM peeled eyes and 14 ILM preserved eyes after successful surgery. The repaired macular holes were classified by the OCT images as being of "good shape" (nearly normal foveal contour) or "poor shape" (abnormal foveal contour with flat fovea and steep edge, or with a thick retina without a foveal pit). RESULTS: The anatomical closure rate was significantly higher in the ILM peeled group (93.2%) than in the ILM preserved group (76.2%) (p = 0.028). In the ILM peeled group, 31 eyes had a fovea of good shape and three eyes had a fovea with a poor shape, while in the ILM preserved group, six eyes had a fovea of good shape and eight eyes had a fovea of poor shape. The percentage of eyes with good macular configuration in the ILM peeled group was significantly higher than in the ILM preserved group (p = 0.0003). No significant difference was found in the postoperative visual acuity and the increase of visual acuity between the ILM peeled group and the ILM preserved group (p = 0.26, and p = 0.91 respectively). There was also no significant difference in the postoperative visual acuity and improvement in visual acuity between eyes with a fovea of good shape and those with fovea of poor shape fovea (p = 0.99 and p = 0.66, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: ILM peeling may provide better anatomical success and recovery of the macular shape, but the postoperative visual acuity and improvement of visual acuity were not related to the morphological results.     

Fundus autofluorescence related to retinal morphological and functional changes in idiopathic macular holes

Purpose: To investigate fundus autofluorescence (FAF) characteristics in relation to morphological and functional features of idiopathic macular hole (IMH). Methods: Twenty eyes of 20 consecutive patients with stage 3 or 4 macular holes were included. Fundus autofluorescence images were obtained using the Heidelberg retina angiograph 2, retinal structure was evaluated with 3‐dimensional (3‐D) imaging of Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography (FD‐OCT), and retinal function was assessed with microperimetry‐1 (MP‐1). Results: Markedly increased FAF in the foveal centre corresponding to the macular hole, confirmed with FD‐OCT, was demonstrated in all eyes. A surrounding hypoautofluorescent ring corresponded to the subretinal fluid cuff. The area of relatively reduced FAF around the ring corresponded precisely to retinal oedema. In 15 eyes (75%), a stellate appearance with dark radiating striae was seen in the relatively reduced FAF and was correlated with intraretinal cystic changes in the outer plexiform layer, observed by FD‐OCT. Mean preoperative visual acuity was significantly poorer in eyes without a stellate appearance than in those with a stellate appearance (p = 0.023). The MP‐1 study confirmed impaired retinal function in the macular hole bed and in the area of the fluid cuff and retinal oedema. Conclusions: Fundus autofluorescence imaging reflects anatomic changes and represents the dysfunctional retinal area in IMH. The technique provides 2‐D images with 3‐D information on the retinal morphology of this disease.     

特发性黄斑裂孔内界膜翻瓣手术后裂孔愈合形态以及黄斑区微结构和视功能分析

目的观察特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)内界膜(ILM)翻瓣手术后黄斑裂孔愈合形态以及黄斑微结构和视功能恢复情况。方法回顾性病例研究。2016年至2018年于天津市眼科医院检查确诊的IMH患者39例39只眼纳入研究。其中,男性4例4只眼,女性35例35只眼;平均年龄(64.56±7.20)岁。均行BCVA、OCT、OCT血管成像、微视野检查。采用国际标准视力表行BCVA检查,统计时换算为logMAR视力。均行玻璃体切割手术(PPV)联合ILM翻瓣覆盖、空气填充手术。根据手术后OCT图像特征,将患眼分为U形闭合组、V形闭合组、不规则闭合组、平坦状闭合组,分别为26、5、7、1只眼。四组患眼间最小裂孔直径、黄斑裂孔分级比较,差异有统计学意义(F=5.118、3.608,P=0.005、0.024)。U形闭合组患眼浅层毛细血管层(SCP)血流密度与V形闭合组、不规则闭合组+平坦状闭合组比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.079、2.368,P=0.047、0.025)。手术后1、3、6个月,采用手术前相同设备和方法行相关检查。比较各组患眼手术前后BCVA、黄斑区SCP血流密度以及黄斑中心凹无血管区周长(PERIM)和黄斑10°总体平均光敏感度(MS)。不同组间定量数据比较行独立样本t检验;计数资数比较行χ2检验。结果手术后6个月,U形闭合组患眼logMAR视力较手术前提高-0.75±0.29;较V形闭合组、不规则闭合组+平坦状闭合组更好,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.974、-2.518,P=0.006、0.018)。U形闭合组患眼外界膜(ELM)、椭圆体带完整性明显高于V形闭合组、不规则形闭合组+平坦状闭合组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.229、10.809,P=0.020、0.013);U形闭合组患眼中黄斑中心凹下强反射团块百分率明显低于V形闭合组、不规则闭合组+平坦状闭合组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.107,P=0.000)。U形闭合组PERIM较V形闭合组、不规则闭合组+平坦状闭合组更小,差异均有统计学意义(t=-3.391、-2.427,P=0.002、0.022)。U形闭合组患眼黄斑区10°总体MS明显高于V形闭合组、不规则闭合组+平坦状闭合组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.939、2.811,P=0.001、0.001)。结论IMH内界膜翻瓣手术后U形闭合表现出更好BCVA及黄斑区MS;ELM及椭圆体带重新恢复结构完整性比例更高,PERIM更小,出现黄斑中心凹下强反射团块更少。