左旋精氨酸对SHR大鼠腹主动脉离体灌注模型灌注液中cGMP含量的影响

目的 探讨左旋精氨酸在改善原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)内源性NO系统功能中的作用。方法 选用SD大鼠与8-10周龄雄性SHR大鼠各20只,建立大鼠腹主动脉离体灌注模型,应用^125Ⅰ-cGMP放免分析法对各灌流液中的cGMP含量进行测定。结果 SHR组cGMP含量仅为SD组的44.57％(P<0.001)．在应用左旋精氨酸后,SD组cGMP古量与用药前无明显变化(P>0．05),而SHR组cGMP含量较用药前上升明显(P<0.001)。结论 SHR大鼠内皮源性一氧化氮系统功能明显受损。在补充外源性左旋精氨酸后,SHR大鼠灌流渡中cGMP含量升高明显,间接提示补充左旋精氨酸可能是治疗原发性高血压的一种新的途径。     

左旋氨氯地平对自发性高血压大鼠内皮功能的保护作用

目的 探讨左旋氨氯地平对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响.方法 20只SHR随机分为左旋氨氯地平治疗组(SHR-A组)和高血压对照组(SHR-C组),同周龄WKY大鼠作为正常对照组(WKY组).左旋氨氯地平治疗12周后,检测各组大鼠胸主动脉对乙酰胆碱(ACh)和硝普钠(SNP)的舒张反应,以及血清NO、内皮素(ET)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平.结果 与SHR-C组相比,SHR-A组胸主动脉环对ACh的最大舒张反应明显增强(P<0.01).左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯能够消除两组之间的差异.3组大鼠胸主动脉环对SNP的最大舒张反应无统计学意义(P>0.05).SHR-A组与SHR-C组、WKY组比较血清NO、SOD浓度明显增加,而血浆ET水平显著降低(P<0.05).结论 左旋氨氯地平干预能够显著改善SHR血管内皮依赖性舒张功能,其作用机制可能与增加内皮NO的合成和释放有关.     

Apelin-13在自发性高血压大鼠心肌组织的表达及其与心肌肥厚和心功能的关系

目的观察Apelin-13在自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌组织的表达改变,探讨其与心肌肥厚和心功能的关系。方法选取清洁级4周龄和20周龄雄性自发性高血压大鼠和WKY(Wistar-Kyoto)大鼠,按周龄及种属分为4组,每组8只。分别测定无创尾动脉血压及心脏质量指数;超声心动图和血流动力学系统评估心室重构和心功能;HE染色评价心肌细胞及排列情况。Western blot法检测心肌组织Apelin-13、APJ的蛋白表达。结果 1Apelin-13、APJ在SHR心肌组织中呈低表达(P0.05),20周龄SHR较4周龄SHR更明显(P0.05)。2 SHR的收缩压(SBP)、左心室舒张期末压(LVEDP)、心脏质量指数(HW/BW)、心室质量指数(LVW/BW)、舒张期室间隔厚度(IVSD)和左心室舒张期末后壁厚度(LVWPd)明显升高(P0.05),左心室舒张期末内径(LVEDd)、左心室射血分数(EF)、左心室短轴缩短率(FS)和左心室压力最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)明显降低(P0.05);心肌细胞明显肥大、排列紊乱。20周龄SHR与4周龄SHR相比,上述指标改变更加明显(P0.05)。3心肌组织Apelin-13与IVSD、HW/BW、LVW/BW以及LVEDd、LVEDP呈负相关(P0.05),与EF、FS和-dp/dtmax呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 Apelin-13在SHR心肌组织中呈低表达,其与心肌肥厚指标呈负相关,与心功能呈正相关,提示其可能影响高血压的左心室心肌肥厚和心功能。     

一氧化氮对自发性高血压大鼠血管内皮功能的作用

目的　探讨自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)内皮舒张功能不全的发生机制。方法　采用体外灌注的方法测定大鼠胸主动脉环对不同浓度乙酰胆碱的舒张反应变化 ,并测定血清中NO-3浓度和动脉组织中环鸟苷酸水平。结果　与魏 凯二氏大鼠 (WKY)比较 ,SHR胸主动脉环对乙酰胆碱的舒张反应明显减弱。左旋硝基精氨酸 (L NNA)可明显抑制大鼠胸主动脉环对乙酰胆碱的舒张反应 ,但并不能消除SHR和WKY对乙酰胆碱舒张反应之间的差异。与WKY比较 ,SHR血中NO-3水平明显降低 (P<0 .0 1) ,动脉组织中环鸟苷酸含量降低 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　SHR内皮依赖的血管舒张功能减低 ;一氧化氮 (NO)的生成或释放不足可能直接参与了SHR血管内皮依赖的舒张功能不全。     

桑杞清眩颗粒干预自发性高血压大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的观察桑杞清眩颗粒对高血压心肌重构的抑制作用及其可能机制。方法选8只4周龄雄性WKY大鼠和16只4周龄雄性自发性高血压(SHR)大鼠,WKY大鼠作为对照组(WKY),SHR大鼠随机分为模型组(SHR组)和给药组(SQ+SHR组),每组8只。每组在治疗16周后处死大鼠,尾套法测量SHR尾动脉收缩压、舒张压、平均压,计算心脏重量指数;用脱氧核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)染色来检测凋亡心肌细胞;用蛋白免疫印迹法检测大鼠心肌组织中B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、活化型半胱天冬酶-3(cleaved Caspase-3)。结果与WKY组相比,桑杞清眩颗粒显著抑制SHR大鼠收缩压的升高、心脏重量指数的增加、抑制高血压引起的大鼠心肌细胞凋亡、Bcl-2的降低及Bax和cleaved Caspase-3的增加。结论桑杞清眩颗粒可以抑制SHR大鼠血压升高,减轻心肌肥厚,其作用机制可能与抑制自发性高血压大鼠心肌细胞凋亡有关。     

妊娠相关蛋白-A对自发性高血压大鼠左室肥厚的影响及γ-干扰素的干预作用

目的:观察γ-干扰素(INF-γ)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室肥厚(LVH)及妊娠相关蛋白-A(PAPP-A)的影响和干预作用。方法:SHR随机分为γ-干扰素高剂量组(SHR-H),中剂量组(SHR-M),低剂量组(SHR-L)和SHR对照组(SHR-C)(每组7只)。SHR-H、SHR-M、SHR-L分别用不同剂量的INF-γ干预8周。SHR-C组和7只正常大鼠对照组注射0.9%氯化钠溶液。观察治疗前、治疗第4周、第8周各实验大鼠尾动脉血压及血浆PAPP-A含量。实验第8周处死大鼠,称取大鼠左心室质量(LVM),计算左心室质量指数(LVMI);采用HE染色观察心肌的组织学变化;采用Western blot分析各实验大鼠心肌组织PAPP-A的表达。结果:①开始治疗前,SHR各组血压及PAPP-A浓度显著高于正常大鼠对照组(P<0.05)。SHR-H组使用INF-γ4周后、SHR-M组使用INF-γ8周后血压及PAPP-A浓度明显低于同时期的SHR-C组(P<0.05),但仍高于正常大鼠对照组(P<0.05)。②SHR各组LVM,LVMI都明显高于正常大鼠对照组(P<0.05)。与SHR-C组比较:使用I...     

丹参酮ⅡA对自发性高血压大鼠血清前胶原末端肽的影响

目的 研究丹参酮ⅡA(TSN)对于自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血清I型前胶原羧基端肽(PⅠCP)和Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽(PⅢNP)水平的影响.方法 24只8周龄SHR大鼠随机分为三组:SHR对照组,丹参酮组,缬沙坦组.另有8只相同周龄Wistar大鼠为正常对照组.给予相应的药物治疗4 w后,测量鼠尾血压和心室质量,用VG染色检测心肌胶原容积分数(CVF),并用放射免疫分析法测定血清PⅠCP和PⅢ NP浓度.结果 SHR对照组血压、心室质量、心室质量指数、CVF均显著高于其他组(P＜0.01);血清PⅠCP和PⅢNP水平亦明显升高(P＜0.05).经丹参酮和缬沙坦治疗4 w后,其血压(P＜0.01)、心室质量、心室质量指数(P＜0.05)、CVF(P＜0.01)较SHR对照组有不同程度的降低;血清PⅠCP和PⅢ NP水平较SHR对照组亦有不同程度的降低(P＜0.05).结论 TSN能够抑制心肌纤维化,其机制可能与其抑制心肌胶原合成有关.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂对高血压冠状动脉肥厚和功能异常的影响

目的 :研究血管紧张素 ( Ang )受体拮抗剂——氯沙坦对高血压冠状动脉肥厚和功能异常的影响。方法 :4周龄大鼠设 3组 :分别为自发性高血压大鼠 ( SHR)组、SHR口服氯沙坦组( SHR L)和正常血压大鼠 ( WKY)组 ,各 6只 ,饲养 12周。结果 :收缩压、冠状动脉横截面积、横截面积与内径比及中层血管平滑肌细胞宽度 :SHR L组较 SHR组显著下降 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,与 WKY组无显著性差异 ;冠状动脉扩张储备力 :SHR L组较 SHR组显著增加 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ,且大于 WKY组。结论 :Ang 受体拮抗剂能预防 SHR冠状动脉肥厚和功能异常。     

ERK表达及活化在自发性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚中作用的研究

目的　以SHR大鼠作为自发性高血压动物模型 ,研究ERK表达及活化在高血压并发左心室肥厚 (LVH)中的作用。方法　SHR大鼠按年龄分为 8周、16周和 2 4周三组 ,以Wistar大鼠作为对照。ERK表达及活性定量测定采用WesternBlot方法。结果　SHR左室质量指数与磷酸化ERK水平正相关。 2 4周龄SHR大鼠基础ERK表达水平较 8周龄和 16周龄减少 ,亦明显低于同龄Wistar大鼠 (P =0 0 0 3) ;SHR大鼠ERK活化程度高于同龄Wistar大鼠 ,随年龄增加 ,SHR磷酸化ERK表达量增加。结论　ERK的活化参与高血压心肌肥厚的发病。     

消溃灵对乙酸性胃溃疡大鼠一氧化氮和内皮素的影响

目的 :探讨消溃灵对消化性溃疡愈合的影响及其胃粘膜保护作用的机制。方法 :采用大鼠乙酸性胃溃疡模型 ,分别以消溃灵灌胃和左旋精氨酸 (L- Arg)、亚硝基左旋精氨酸 (L- NNA)腹腔内注射治疗 7d和 14d后 ,测定溃疡指数、溃疡抑制率 ,检测血清一氧化氮 (NO)及血浆内皮素 (ET- 1)含量。结果 :消溃灵组溃疡指数、血浆 ET- 1含量明显降低 ,而溃疡抑制率、血清 NO含量显著升高 ,与模型组和 L- NNA组比较差异有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 1) ,与L- Arg组比较无统计学意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。L- NNA组溃疡指数、血浆 ET- 1水平显著高于模型组 (P<0 .0 1) ,而血清NO含量则明显低于模型组 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :消溃灵促进溃疡愈合 ,保护胃粘膜的作用可能与其诱导、促进 NO合成 ,反馈性地抑制 ET- 1释放 ,维持 NO和 ET的动态平衡密切相关。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.