血必净与低分子肝素对严重脓毒症患者凝血功能及预后的影响

Objective To compare between the impact of Xuebijing injectio (a Chinese herbal medicine preparation) and that of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on coagulation function and prognosis in patients with severe sepsis, so as to guide the treatment of sepsis. Method A total of 89 patients with severe sepsis were randomly(random number) divided into 3 groups, namely Xuebijing group (group A),LMWH group (group B) and routine group (group C). The patients of group C received a series of remedies according to the guideline for severe sepsis. The patients of group A were treated with Xuebijing injectio in addition to routine treatment. The patients of group B were treated with LMWH along with routine treatment.Data of blood coagulation function tests and APACHE Ⅱ score of patients in three groups before and after treatment were analyzed respectively. The 28-day mortality and length of hospital stay were compared among three groups. All data were analyzed by using t-test, Analysis of Variance, q-test, x2-test and rank sum treatment, all markers of the blood coagulation function tests in group A improved significantly after treatment (P＜0.01), while only some markers of the blood coagulation function tests improved in the other two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 or P ＜ 0. 01 ); After treatment, the blood coagulation function in group A improved significantly more than that in other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ), while there were some markers of the blood coagulawith the data before treatment, the APACHE Ⅱ score in group A and group B decreased after treatment (P＜0.05). After treatment, the APACHE Ⅱ score of group A and group B decreased significantly more than that of group C ( P ＜ 0.05). But there was no significant difference between group A and group B ( P ＞Xuebijing obviously improves the blood coagulation function in patients with severe sepsis, while LMWH only improves some markers of the coagulation function tests. Both Xuebijing and LMWH reduce mortality and improve prognosis of patients with sepsis.     

血必净与低分子肝素对严重脓毒症患者凝血功能及预后的影响

目的 比较血必净与低分子肝素(low molecular weight heparin,LMWH)对严重脓毒症患者凝血功能及疾病预后的影响,以指导脓毒症的治疗.方法 将89例经随访取得有效数据的严重脓毒症患者随机(随机数字法)分为3组,血必净组(A组)、LMWH组(B组)和常规组(C组).C组给予常规治疗,A组及B组在常规治疗的基础上分别加用血必净注射液和LMWH联合治疗.3组分别于治疗前及治疗后7 d检测凝血指标,记录APACHE Ⅱ评分,随访统计住院天数及28 d病死率.统计分析采用成组t检验、方差分析、q检验、x2检验和秩和检验,以P＜0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果 ①治疗后与治疗前组内比较,A组各凝血指标均有明显改善(P＜0.01),其余2组有部分凝血指标改善(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);治疗后经组间比较,A组各凝血指标较其他2组改善明显(P＜0.05),B组与C组比较,只有部分指标改善(P＜0.05).②治疗后与治疗前比较,A组及B组APACHEⅡ评分明显下降(P＜0.05);治疗后经组间比较,A组与B组APACHEⅡ评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),二者分别与C组比较明显下降(P＜0.05).③3组住院天数比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).④3组28 d病死率比较,A组及B组较C组28 d病死率降低,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 血必净可明显改善严重脓毒症患者的凝血功能,低分子肝素只能改善部分凝血指标;二者均可降低病死率、改善预后.

Abstract：

Objective To compare between the impact of Xuebijing injectio (a Chinese herbal medicine preparation) and that of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on coagulation function and prognosis in patients with severe sepsis, so as to guide the treatment of sepsis. Method A total of 89 patients with severe sepsis were randomly(random number) divided into 3 groups, namely Xuebijing group (group A),LMWH group (group B) and routine group (group C). The patients of group C received a series of remedies according to the guideline for severe sepsis. The patients of group A were treated with Xuebijing injectio in addition to routine treatment. The patients of group B were treated with LMWH along with routine treatment.Data of blood coagulation function tests and APACHE Ⅱ score of patients in three groups before and after treatment were analyzed respectively. The 28-day mortality and length of hospital stay were compared among three groups. All data were analyzed by using t-test, Analysis of Variance, q-test, x2-test and rank sum treatment, all markers of the blood coagulation function tests in group A improved significantly after treatment (P＜0.01), while only some markers of the blood coagulation function tests improved in the other two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 or P ＜ 0. 01 ); After treatment, the blood coagulation function in group A improved significantly more than that in other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ), while there were some markers of the blood coagulawith the data before treatment, the APACHE Ⅱ score in group A and group B decreased after treatment (P＜0.05). After treatment, the APACHE Ⅱ score of group A and group B decreased significantly more than that of group C ( P ＜ 0.05). But there was no significant difference between group A and group B ( P ＞Xuebijing obviously improves the blood coagulation function in patients with severe sepsis, while LMWH only improves some markers of the coagulation function tests. Both Xuebijing and LMWH reduce mortality and improve prognosis of patients with sepsis.     

雾化吸入灭活草分枝杆菌治疗中度支气管哮喘的临床研究

Objective To introduce inhaled inactivated-mycobacterium phlei on prevention and treatment of moderate bronchial asthma to observe the clinical effect. Method This study was a prospective and controlled study. The patients diagnosed with asthma in our out-patient from March 2009 to December 2010 were collected, who met the following conditions were included in the study: age≥ 14 years; met the criteria of moderate chronic persistent bronchial asthma in Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) in 2008; suspended receiving systemic corticosteroids, Montelukast, ketotifen and other anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drugs in one month; no significant respiratory tract infections; and other serious illnesses or abnormalities known.A total of 100 patients with asthma were selected, including 37 males and 63 females, age (32.11 ± 12.95 )years. The patients were randomly(random number) divided into two groups: A group(treatment group; 16males and 34 females, age 33.56 ± 14.23 years) and B group (control group; 21 males and 29 females,age 30.66 ± 11.50 years); 50 in each group. No significant difference was noted between the two groups on age and gender composition. The patients in A group were treated with inhaled inactivated-mycobacterium phlei F. U. 36 Injection 1.72 μg/mL × 2 that adding 3 mL normal saline, once a day for 5 days. The patients in B group were treated with salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation (50/100 μg), twice daily for sustainable use. The patients in the two groups were observed for one month. During this course, the patients in the two groups could inhale the salbutamol sulphate aerosol as need to relieve symptoms. And the number of using was recorded. Pulmonary function test and asthma provocative test were carried out on the Day O, 6 and 31. ACT scores were measured before and after the treatment. Results On Day 6 and 31 after treatment, the negative conversion rates of asthma provocative test of the patients in A group were 82% and 78% respectively, B group were 84% and 90% respectively. Provocative test of the patients in the two groups were negative conversion significantly before and after treatment. There was no significant difference between the two groups by chi-square test (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Completely random designed data was analyzed by analysis of variance. The analysis showed that the accumulated doses of methacholine of the patients in the two group increased significantly ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), but no difference between the two groups.There was a improvement trend on forced expiratory volume in one second( FEV1 )of the patients in A group after treatment, but no difference. FEV1 of the patients in B group increased significantly higher ( P ＜0.05), which was significantly higher than A group on the 31th day (P ＜0. 05); Peak expiratory flow (PEF) of the patients in the two group increased significantly on Day 6 and 31 after treatment (P ＜0.05 ).On Day 31, B group was significantly higher than A group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ); Scores of asthma control test (ACT)of the patients in the two group were significantly increased, and the number of using of salbutamol sulfate aerosol was significantly reduced (P ＜0.01 ). B group was obvious than group A (P ＜0.05 ). During treatment, there were only two adverse reaction cases of transient low fever; most obvious was on the third day.Conclusions Inhaled inactivated-mycobacterium phlei would inhibit the airway hyperresponsiveness of the patients with moderate bronchial asthma in short time, improve the symptoms, reduce the acute exacerbation, and reduce the use of rescue medication, which has the roles of prevention and treatment of moderate asthma in a certain period of time.     

血液灌流治疗对脓毒症急性肾损伤患者炎症因子的清除及肾脏保护作用

目的 探讨血液灌流(hemoperfusion,HP)治疗对重症脓毒症急性肾损伤(acute lung injury,AKI)患者体内炎症因子的清除及对肾功能的保护作用.方法 本研究为前瞻、对照研究,选取40例2007年至2009年广州市第一人民医院ICU住院脓毒症及急性肾损伤患者进行随机分组.其中22例接受血液灌流治疗,每次2 h,连续3 d,采用珠海丽珠公司HA330型大孔径中性树脂灌流器;18例仅接受常规治疗.所有患者均于治疗前,治疗3 d,7 d及14 d分别抽血检测IL-6,IL-10的水平,及C反应蛋白水平,并记录24 h尿量,Scr及相关肾小管功能指标.结果 与对照组相比,HP治疗组患者治疗后血浆CRP及IL-6IL-10水平明显下降(P＜0.05),同时尿量显著增加,尿N,乙酰-B-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG),γ-GTP,α1-微球蛋白及血BUN,Scr水平均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).此外,AKI患者Ⅰ、Ⅱ期接受血液灌流治疗的患者肾功能恢复率及生存率均高于对照组(P＜0.05).两组患者治疗前后血流动力学改变,如平均动脉压水平差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 血液灌流早期治疗脓毒症急性肾损伤患者可能通过有效清除炎症因子起到保护肾小管及促进肾功能恢复的作用.

Abstract：

Objective To study the protective effect of removing inflammatory cytokines by hemoperfusion (HP)on acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with sepsis. Method A total of 40 patients with sepsis and AKI were randomly divided into two croups: HP treatment group (n = 22) and control group (n = 18). Hemoperfusion carried out in patients of Hp group with HA330 filter once a day for 3 days and the procedure of each hemoperfusion was completed in 2 hours. The patients of control group were treated with routine treatment. Further, the hemodynamics, plasma IL-6, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum creatinine (Scr), blood BUN and urine NAG, γ-GTP,α1-MG of patients in both groups were detected before treatment and 3 d,7 d and 14 days after treatment. Results Compared to control group, the levels of plasma interleukins-6, IL-10 and C-reactive protein were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05), along with increase in urine output, lower levels of blood BUN and Scr, reduction in urine NAG,γ-GT and α1-MG (P ＜ 0.05). In addition, the patients at Ⅰ or Ⅱ stage of AKI treated with hemoperfusion had significantly lower level of Scr in 14 days and lower mortality in intensive care unit in comparison with control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Hemoperfusion employed in the earlier stage of AKI with the HA type filter may have protective effect on acute kidney injury by the removal of inflammatory cytokines in the setting of sepsis.     

脓毒症患者血清可溶性髓系细胞表达的触发受体-1水平及与预后的关系

Objective To approach the relationship between the contents of soluble form of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and prognosis in patients with sepsis. Methods Using prospective, control study design, a total of 50 patients with sepsis who were admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from March to December in the year of 2009 were enrolled. Firstly, the patients were divided into sepsis (n=28) and severe sepsis (n=22) groups according to the patients' condition. Then the patients were divided into survival group (n = 34) and death group (n = 16)according to the clinical outcome at 28 days after onset of sepsis. Clinical and laboratory data including blood routine tests, blood chemistry, blood gas analysis, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were collected on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after onset. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ ) score was determined. sTREM-1 levels were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Correlation analysis of the sTREM-1, APACHE I score, white blood cell count (WBC) and CRP, using Logistic regression analysis. A total of 30 healthy persons were enrolled into the control group. Results The sTREM-1 levels (ng/L) in 50 septic patients on the 1st day were higher than those of the healthy persons (52. 80±9. 30 vs. 23. 29±6. 22, P＜0. 01). The sTREM-1 levels (ng/L) in severe sepsis group on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day (58. 25±10. 59, 65. 75±13. 57, 50.18±21. 73) were higher than those of the sepsis group (48.55±5.20, 42.85±8.54, 34.02±12.86, P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The sTREM-1 levels (ng/L) of the survival group on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day (53. 07± 10. 47, 45. 04±9. 89,32. 84 ±8. 42) were decreased with the progression of the ailment. The sTREM-1 levels did not differ significantly between the control group and survival group on the 7th day (P＞0. 05). The sTREM-1 levels (ng/L) in the death group on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day were increased with the progression of the ailment (52.27±6.42, 69.67±12.83, 75. 70± 10. 55), and the level was significantly higher than that in survival group on the 3rd and 7th day (both P＜0. 01). The contents of sTREM-1 were positive correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score (r= 0.657, P＜0. 01), but not correlated with WBC (r= 0.023, P＞0. 05), whilesomewhat correlated with CRP (r=0. 150, P＜0.10). Logistic regression analysis showed that sTREM-1 [odds ratio (OR) = 0. 893,P = 0. 000] and APACHE I score (OR = 0.771, P = 0.000) might be potential prognostic factors for septic patients. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0. 868 and 0.930. The sensitivity of prognostic evaluation was 81.1% and specificity was 74.5% with sTREM-1 50 ng/L, and the sensitivity was 83. 8% and specificity was 86. 3% with APACHE Ⅱ score 20 to estimate the outcome. Conclusion The serum sTREM-1 are elevated at early stage in sepsis patients. It can reflect the severity of the condition. The sTREM-1 level, which might be considered as a potential prognostic factor for septic patients, is significantly correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score.     

黄芪注射液对严重脓毒症患者的疗效观察

Objective To observe the effects of Radix Astragali injection on severe septic patients. Method This was a prospective study. Fifty severe septic patients admitted in ICU from 2006 to 2008 were col-lected, malignent disease like carcinoma, pregnant ones were excluded. They were randomly divided into two groups: Radix Astragali injection treatment group (n = 30) and control one (n = 20). The data of the two groups were comparable. With the same basic therapy, the experimental group treated with additional Radix Astragali in-jection. Then, APACHE Ⅱ scores were calculated on day 0(before therapy), day 7 and day 14 after treatment with Radix Astragali injection, and the 28th day mortality was also calculated for both groups. Blood CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, NK-cell expression level was measured by direct immunofluorescence, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α level was tested by ELASA. SPSS 11.5 software, was used for statistic. Results The APACHE Ⅱ scores in Radix Astragali treatment group were 20.73±5.06, while in control groups were 35.00±3.70 after treatment for 14 days, and mortality in the 28th day was 25.3% and 41.6% respectively, there were significant deferences between the two groups (P < 0.05). At 14 days after treatment, the level of CD4, CD4/CD8 and NK-cell in the Radix Astragali treatment group was significantly increased, with (34.11±14.09) %, (2.05±0.98) %, (28.83±8.08) %, re-spectively, and compared with control group, there were significant differences (P < 0.01). Though, the level of CD8, IL-6 and TNF-α was showed (20.84±9.84) %,(710.87±313.52) pg/mL,(14.63±30.38) pg/mL respectively, significantly decreased after treatment with Radix Astragali injection, there were also significant dif-ferences between the two groups (P < 0.01). Conclusions Radix Astragali injection can improve the immunity disorder of severe septic patients, it will be a hopeful therapy for severe sepsis.     

内镜下注射治疗消化性溃疡出血的临床研究

Objective To evaluate the effect of endoscopic sclerosing agent injection for treatment of Peptic Ulcer Bleeding. Methods From July 2009 to July 2010,120 patients with haematemesis and/or hematochezia diagnosed as peptic ulcer by immediate endoscopy were randomly divided into two groups:endoscopic treated by the same endoscopist. Results The rate of hemostasis in therapy group was 96. 67% (58/60) , that in control group was 92.99% (P ＞ 0.05). The re-bleeding rates of the earler 3 h in the therapy group and control group were 1.72% (1/58) and 3.77% (2/53) , respectively, there was not significant differencein (P ＞0.05). The re-bleeding rates between 3 h and 24 h in the therapy group and control group were 3.45 % (2/58)and 16. 98% (9/53) ,respectively ,there was significant difference(P＜ 0.05). 2 months of follow up was made for the two groups, re-bleeding rates in the therapy group and control group were 1.72% (1/58) and 1.89% (1/53) ,respectively ,there was not significant difference(P ＞ 0.05). After 6 months of the observed, no one was found rebleeding. No complications related with treatment occurred in the two groups of patients. No significant differences are observed between the 2 groups in hospital stay, surgery and mortality. Conclusion Endoscopic treating peptic ulcer bleeding, and the effect of aethoxysklerol is better than epinephrine, they deserved for further application.     

脓毒症早期血清白细胞介素-18和10在疾病严重程度及预后评估中的价值研究

Objective To observe the dynamic changes in levels of serum interleukins (IL-18, IL-10)in the early stage of sepsis, and to appraise their values in the evaluation of severity and prognosis of sepsis.Methods Prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. Thirty-eight patients with sepsis who stayed longer than 72 hours in intensive care unit (ICU) from December 2009 to August 2010 were enrolled as sepsis group. At the same time, 20 patients without sepsis served as control group. The patients were classified as survival (n=12) or death group (n = 26) according to 28-day survival. The clinical laboratory examination data were recorded at 24, 48, 72 hours after admission to the ICU, and venous blood was obtained at the same time. The IL-18, IL-10 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The vital signs, blood routine, liver function, renal function, coagulation function,arterial blood gas, and electrolyte showed no significant difference between sepsis group and control group 24, 48, 72 hours after admission, the levels of IL-18 were lowered, IL-10 elevated, the IL-18/IL-10 ratio was lowered in the sepsis group, and all of them were higher than control group at each time point. The levels of IL-18, IL-10 in death group of patients with sepsis were all higher than those of survival group at 24, 48, and 72 hours [IL-18 (ng/L): 108. 36± 18. 54 vs. 91. 66±21. 49, 92.13±28. 92 vs. 54.16±31.76,91. 78 ± 17. 33 vs. 76. 04 ±22.09; IL-10 (ng/L): 99. 42 ± 12.10 vs. 77. 20 ±9. 47, 103. 39 ± 17. 24 vs.67.88±18.90, 118. 99 ±11. 20 vs. 99. 20± 12. 46, P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01]. IL-18/IL-10 ratios were all lowered in both non-survivors and survivors with sepsis at 24, 48, 72 hours, while the differences were not statistically significant (1. 09±0. 19 vs. 1. 20±0. 32, 0. 92±0. 18 vs. 0. 98±0. 29, 0. 78±0.15 vs. 0. 77±0. 23, all P＞0. 05). Conclusion The levels of serum IL-18, IL-10 were all elevated in the early stage of patients with sepsis, and in non-survivors they were higher than those of survivors. With the progress of the illness, IL-18 showed a lowering tendency, while IL-10 showed an elevation. The levels of serum IL-18 and IL-10 may be valuable in evaluating the severity of sepsis and prognosis of patients with sepsis.     

乌司他丁对脓毒症大鼠肺脏的保护作用

目的 观察乌司他丁(Ulinastatin)对脓毒症大鼠肺脏的保护作用,并从细胞凋亡的角度分析其可能的作用机制.方法 40只雌性SD大鼠随机(随机数字法)分为对照组及治疗组(乌司他丁30万U/kg)各20只.以经典盲肠结扎穿孔法(CLP)成功制作脓毒症大鼠模型,并在术后脓毒症的症状出现时(术后3 h),治疗组按设计剂量经腹腔给药,而对照组给于同等量的PBS溶液.用药后12 h取两组大鼠肺组织通过透射电子显微镜观察其超微结构变化,并通过免疫组织化学技术法检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2及Bax在肺组织内的表达情况,用图片分析软件(Image-pro plus,IPP)检测Bcl-2及Bax累积光密度值(IOD),并计算Bcl-2/Bax比值.结果 透射电子显微镜观察对照组大鼠肺组织,可见肺泡壁明显充血水肿、肺泡腔萎陷缩小,腔内大量渗出液等炎症改变,而治疗组(30万U/kg)大鼠肺组织充血、渗出等改变减轻.免疫组织化学检测结果提示抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2在对照组与治疗组大鼠肺组织内表达的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且治疗组表达高于对照组;而促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达在对照组较治疗组高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);Bcl-2/Bax 比值结果提示治疗组比值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 乌司他丁对脓毒症大鼠的肺组织有明确的保护作用,可能通过抑制炎症反应的同时也抑制细胞的凋亡而发挥作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prottective effect of ulinstatin on lung of rats with sepsis and its mechanism of ameliorating cell apoptosis. Method A total of 40 female SD rats were randomly (random number)divided into the control group and the therapy group (ulinastatin 300 000 u/kg). The rat models of sepsis were produced by the classical method of cecal ligature and puncture (CLP), and the designed doses ulinastatin were given intra-peritoneally to the rats of the ulinastatin group and the same amounts of PBS (phosphate buffered solution) instead of ulinastatin were administered intra-peritoneally to the rats of the control group when the sepsis symptoms appeared usually in 3 hours after modeling. In 12 hours after treatment, lung tissues of rats in two groups were taken for observation under the transmission electron microscopy and detecting the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in lung tissues by using immunohistochemical technique. The levels of the integrated optical density(IOD)of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were detected by using Image-pro plus software and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was calculated. Results Transmission electron microscope showed that lung tissue in control group had inflmmatory changes such as severe congestion and consolidation, and those changes in ulinastatin treatment group (300 000 u/kg)were significantly slighter. There were significant differences in the levels of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in lung tissue of rats between two groups(P＜0.01), and the level of protein Bcl-2 in ulinas tatin group were higher than those in control group. The level of pro-apoptotic protein Bax in control group were higher than that in ulinastatin group (P＜0.01). The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in ulinas tatin group was higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ulinastatin has protective effect on lung tissue in septic rats, and it may inhibit the inflammatory response and in the same time plays a role in inhibiting cell apoptosis.     

Risk factors for postoperative sepsis in patients with gastrointestinal perforation

BACKGROUND Sepsis is fatal in patients with gastrointestinal perforation(GIP).However,few studies have focused on this issue.AIM To investigate the risk factors for postoperative sepsis in patients with GIP.METHODS This was a retrospective study performed at the Department of General Surgery in our treatment center.From January 2016 to December 2018,the medical records of patients with GIP who underwent emergency surgery were reviewed.Patients younger than 17 years or who did not undergo surgical treatment were excluded.The patients were divided into the postoperative sepsis group and the non-postoperative sepsis group.Clinical data for both groups were collected and compared,and the risk factors for postoperative sepsis were investigated.The institutional ethical committee of our hospital approved the study.RESULTS Two hundred twenty-six patients were admitted to our department with GIP.Fourteen patients were excluded:Four were under 17 years old,and 10 did not undergo emergency surgery due to high surgical risk and/or disagreement with the patients and their family members.Two hundred twelve patients were finally enrolled in the study;161 were men,and 51 were women.The average age was 62.98±15.65 years.Postoperative sepsis occurred in 48 cases.The prevalence of postoperative sepsis was 22.6%[95%confidence interval(CI):17.0%-28.3%].Twenty-eight patients(13.21%)died after emergency surgery.Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that the time interval from abdominal pain to emergency surgery[odds ratio(OR)=1.021,95%CI:1.005-1.038,P=0.006],colonic perforation(OR=2.761,CI:1.821–14.776,P=0.007),perforation diameter(OR=1.062,95%CI:1.007-1.121,P=0.027),and incidence of malignant tumorrelated perforation(OR=5.384,95%CI:1.762-32.844,P=0.021)were associated with postoperative sepsis.CONCLUSION The time interval from abdominal pain to surgery,colonic perforation,diameter of perforation,and the incidence of malignant tumor-related perforation were risk factors for postoperative sepsis in patients with GIP.     

重症肺炎及感染性休克的集束治疗

目的 探讨国内严重感染集束治疗的疗效.方法 在广州医学院附属第二医院呼吸重症监护病房中选用43例重症肺炎及感染性休克患者,进行14个月(2006年11月1日至2007年12月31日)前瞻性观察研究.患者入进标准参照2001年国际脓毒症会议.分教育、试验和运作3个连续阶段实施6 h严重感染集束治疗和24 h严重感染集束治疗.历史对照期内(2004年1月1日至2006年10月31日)合格患者门入对照组.计最资料以(x±s)表示,计数资料以率表爪.采用γ2检验、独立样本t榆验、配对t检验、单因素和多冈素Logistic回归分析,P＜0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果 1)对照组和集束治疗组问的基础特征差异基本上无统计学意义.2)血清乳酸测定率、休克业组液体复苏率及6 h内所输入液体量、血糖榨制,与对照组相比较,其差异均有统计学意义(P值分别是0.024,0.009,0.045和0.000).3)72 h时,集束治疗组呼吸频率和氧合指数,与对照组相比较,其差异均有统计学意义(P值分别是0.033和0.041);集束治疗组中休克业绀急性生理和慢性疾病评分(A-PACHE)Ⅱ分值和预计死亡率的下降值,与对照组中休克业组比较,其差异均有统计学意义(P值分别是0.017和0.040).4)与对照组比较,集束治疗组病死率绝对值下降23.30%(P=0.019).结论 严重感染集束治疗能显著降低重症肺炎及感染性休克患者病死率.     

严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克的急诊集束化治疗依从性调查分析

目的 调查严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克在急诊患者中的发生率以及针对严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克早期集束化治疗的依从性.方法 选择2009年5月至6月由救护车送至上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院急诊科的患者为调查对象,统计严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克的发生率,对符合诊断标准的患者分别统计早期复苏集束化治疗各项指标完成的依从性.结果 共纳入急诊就诊患者917例,其中符合严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克诊断标准者96例,发生率为10.47%.在符合诊断标准的患者中,早期复苏集束化治疗、使用抗菌药物前留取病原学标本、2 h内放置深静脉导管并监测中心静脉压(CVP)与中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO2)、3 h内使用广谱抗菌药物、6 h内早期目标导向治疗(EGDT)达标、12 h内乳酸下降或原乳酸≤2 mmol/L的依从性分别为1.04%、3.12%、2.08%、83.33%、1.04%、23.96%,急诊内科各指标的依从性依次为1.19%、3.57%、2.38%、83.33%、1.19%、26.19%,急诊外科各指标的依从性依次为0、0、0、83.33%、0、8.33%,急诊内、外科依从性比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克在急诊就诊患者中占相当比例,但医师的认识不足;早期集束化治疗依从性较低,需加大指南的教育及执行程度.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the occurrence of severe sepsis and septic shock and the rate of compliance with sepsis bundle in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in emergency department.Methods A prospective study was conducted on consecutive adult patients who were sent to Emergency Department of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine by ambulance from May to June in 2009. The occurrence of severe sepsis and septic shock, and the number of the patients in whom who met the criteria of compliance with sepsis bundle were analyzed. Results Nine hundred and seventeen patients who were sent to the emergency department by ambulance in that period were enrolled in the study.The number of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock was 96. The incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock was 10.47%. Among these patients, the number of patients in whom the sepsis bundle was complied,i.e. sepsis bundle, appropriate cultures were taken before antimicrobial therapy, placement of central venous catheter and monitoring of central venous pressure(CVP)as well as central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2)within 2 hours, antibiotic therapy within 3 hours, early goal-directed therapy(EGDT)within 6 hours, and lactate clearance in 12 hours reached 1.04%, 3. 12%, 2.08%, 83. 33%, 1.04%, 23.96%.The results were 1.19%, 3. 57%, 2.38%, 83.33%, 1.19%, 26.19% and 0, 0, 0, 83.33%, 0, 8. 33% in medical and surgical emergency department respectively. There was no statistical difference between the two divisions(all P＞0. 05). Conclusion The incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock was high in emergency department, but the rate of recognition of it and the compliance with sepsis bundle were inadequate. It is urgently necessary to enhance the learning and implementation of the guideline.     

左西孟旦治疗严重脓毒症及脓毒症休克的临床疗效的Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析评价左西孟旦在严重脓毒症及脓毒症休克中的疗效,为其在脓毒症中的治疗提供循证医学证据。方法 使用中文和英文数据库,检索左西孟旦治疗严重脓毒症及脓毒症休克的随机对照研究。设定文献纳入和排除标准,对符合标准文献进行质量评定并进行数据提取。应用RevMan 5.3对相关研究的病死率、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、心脏指数(CI) 、肌钙蛋白I(TnI)、乳酸（Lac）、去甲肾上腺素用量进行分析。结果 共纳入13项研究,491例患者,其中左西孟旦组251例,对照组240例。与对照组相比,左西孟旦组的病死率显著降低（RR=0.78,95%CI=0.63~0.96,P=0.02）,CI（WMD=0.79, 95%CI=0.56～1.03, P＜0.01）、LVEF(WMD=9.03%,95%CI=6.74%～11.31%,P＜0.01)显著升高,TnI (WMD=-1.22,95%CI=-1.52～-0.77,P＜0.01)、Lac(WMD=-1.41,95%CI=-1.56～-1.27,P＜0.01)显著降低,两组去甲肾上腺素用量 (WMD=-0.01,95%CI=-0.03～0.01,P=0.45)差异无统计学意义。结论 与对照组相比,左西孟旦能显著降低严重脓毒症及脓毒症休克患者病死率,降低Lac及TnI的水平,增加CI及LVEF。Meta分析证据支持在严重脓毒症及脓毒症休克中应用左西孟旦。     

纳美芬治疗感染性休克的临床疗效观察

目的 观察纳美芬治疗感染性休克患者的疗效.方法 选择2008年12月至2009年6月本院重症监护病房(ICU)收治的感染性休克早期患者20例,按随机数字表法均分成治疗组和对照组.两组均按照2008年国际严重感染和感染性休克治疗指南的要求进行常规抗休克治疗;治疗组早期静脉推注纳美芬,而对照组给予等量生理盐水.观察两组患者血流动力学、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)评分及28 d病死率.结果 与对照组比较,治疗组治疗2、6、12、24 h时平均动脉压(MAP,mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)明显升高(对照组:59.67±3.56、60.50±2.67、60.68±4.97、61.09±4.92,治疗组:65.83±5.76、70.83±5.76、83.63±5.87、82.85±8.36,均P＜0.05),心率(HR,次/min)明显下降(对照组:119.79±8.03、118.56±11.48、116.35±12.48、114.68±8.91,治疗组:103.33±10.87、92.29±12.55、90.49±17.29、86.66±11.53,均P＜0.05);治疗6、12、24 h时心排血指数(CI,L·min-1·m-2)明显升高(对照组:3.63±0.13、3.67±0.31、3.76±0.23,治疗组:4.01±0.45、4.22±0.39、4.45±0.32,均P＜0.05);治疗12 h、24 h时尿量(ml·kg-1·min-1)明显增多(对照组:0.53±0.39、0.51±0.40,治疗组:0.85±0.25、1.06±0.58,均P＜0.05),乳酸值(mmol/L)明显下降(对照组:5.54±3.98、4.91±2.98,治疗组:1.51±0.83、1.14±0.62,均P＜0.05).治疗组治疗24 h APACHE I评分(分)明显低于对照组(16.1±1.9比21.7±5.2,P＜0.05),但28 d病死率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(20%比40%,P=0.629).结论 在常规抗休克治疗基础上早期应用纳美芬可以改善患者血流动力学,有利于抢救感染性休克,但对28 d病死率无明显影响.     

感染性休克集束治疗对病死率影响的前瞻性临床研究

目的 探讨集束治疗对感染性休克患者病死率的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,将2007年1月-2008年6月重症加强治疗病房(ICU)收治的成人感染性休克患者分为培训前(2007年1-9月)和培训后(2007年10月-2008年6月)两个阶段进行感染性休克集束治疗.分析6 h及24 h感染性休克集柬治疗各指标与预后的关系;采用多元回归分析方法,筛选出集束治疗对感染性休克预后影响的独立相关因素,并研究两个阶段感染性休克集束治疗的依从性、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间以及28 d病死率.结果 研究期间共收治符合条件的感染性休克患者100例,其中培训前51例,培训后49例;存活36例,死亡64例.多元回归分析显示,6 h早期目标导向治疗(EGDT)、24 h EGDT是与感染性休克28 d病死率相关的两个独立保护因素,优势比(OR)分别为0.046和0.120(P均<0.01).培训后集束治疗依从性均有明显提高,其中6 h EGDT和24 h EGDT分别从19.6%、35.3%提升至55.1%、65.3%(P均<0.01).培训后机械通气时间[(166.6±156.4)h比(113.6±73.6)h3、ICU住院时间[(9.4±7.6)d比(6.0±3.9)d]及28 d病死率(72.5%比55.1%)较培训前明显缩短(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 继续教育培训可提高医务人员对感染性休克集束治疗的依从性,降低感染性休克患者的病死率.     

脉冲高容量血液滤过对脓毒症患者细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨脉冲高容量血液滤过对脓毒症患者外周血辅助性T细胞(T helper,Th)17及CD4+ CD25+ 调节性T细胞(Treg)影响及其临床价值.方法 本研究为前瞻性对照研究,将2008年1月至2010年11月在安徽省立医院ICU住院的脓毒症患者40例(男/女=24/16),年龄25～75岁,按照疾病严重程度分为3组:脓毒症组14例(男/女=8/6);严重脓毒症组15例(男/女=9/6);脓毒症休克组11例(7/4).入选和疾病严重程度分级标准:根据1992年美国胸科医师学院(ACCP)/美国危重病医学会(SCCM)共识会议制定的脓毒症诊断标准.排除标准:患有自身免疫系统疾病、急性脑卒中、心肌梗死、病毒性肝炎、HIV感染的患者以及入院前3个月内使用过激素或免疫抑制剂的患者.其中入组5 d内未行血液净化治疗患者15例(男/女=8/7)入选为A组;5 d内行脉冲高容量血液滤过的25例患者(男/女=16/9)入选为B组.两组一般资料具有可比性.连续性血液净化以24 h为1周期,两次血滤之间间隔24 h.其中高容量血液滤过(70 mL·kg-1·h-1)治疗6～8 h后续行常规CVVH治疗16～18 h剂量(35 mL·kg-1·h-1).所有入选的40例脓毒症患者在入选当天和第5天清晨空腹抽外周血送检,行流式细胞术检测血中Th17细胞及CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞的比例.计量资料采用t检验,配对t检验和One way ANOVA分析.小样本率的比较采用确切概率法.相关分析采用Peason相关分析.另选取本院体检中心的20例健康人为健康对照组.结果 健康对照组Th17表达率为(0.91±0.38)%,CD4+ CD25+ Treg细胞表达率为(0.39±0.23)%.40例脓毒症患者在第1天这两项指标明显升高(P<0.05):其中脓毒症组分别为(2.09±0.53)%,(1.72±0.59)%;严重脓毒症组(3.90±0.80)%,(2.72±0.22)%;脓毒性休克组(1.85±0.35)%,(3.55±0.51)%.Th17表达率,严重脓毒症组最高(P<0.05).而脓毒症休克组与脓毒症组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).CD4+ CD25+ 调节性T细胞表达率则呈现:脓毒症休克组>严重脓毒症组>脓毒症组(P<0.05).B组与A组比较,脉冲高容量血液滤过能显著的下调脓毒症患者Th17[(1.87±0.43)vs.(2.48±1.05),P<0.05]和CD4+ CD25+ 调节性T细胞[(1.92±0.89)vs.(2.63±0.92),P<0.05]的表达.结论 脓毒症患者外周血Th17细胞和CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞表达增加,提示Th17细胞和CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞在脓毒症的免疫发病机制中可能起着重要作用.脉冲高容量血液滤过能有效的调整Th17细胞和CD4+ CD25+ 调节性T细胞的表达,可作为脓毒症免疫调节治疗的重要手段之一.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effects of pulse high volume hemofiltration (PHVHF) on the changes of Th17 cells (T helper 17 cells) and CD4 + CD25 + reguratory T cells (Treg cells) in peripheral blood of patients with sepsis and to evaluate the clinical value of this intervention. Methods The patients were included in this prospective study as per the criteria of sepsis set by America Chest Physicians College/America Society for Critic Care Medicine in 1992. The patients were excluded: ① immune system disorder, ② acute stroke, ③ myocardial infarction, ④ virus hepatitis,⑤ human immunodeficiency virus infection, ⑥ under immunosuppressive therapy. Forty patients (24 males, 16 females, aged from 25 to 75years) with sepsis in ICU were enrolled from January. 2008 to November. 2010. According to the severity of disease, the patients were divided into three groups; moderate sepsis group (n = 14, 8 males, 6 females) , severe sepsis group (n = 15, 9 males, 6 females) , and septic shock group (n = 11, 7 males, 4 females). The initially clinical data of three groups were comparable. Twenty healthy individuals served as controls. According to the mode of treatment, forty patients were also divided into two groups: conventional treatment group (group A, n= 15) in which patients were treated without PHVHF within 5 days after admission and trial group (group B, n=25) in which patients were treated with pulsed high volume hemofiltration (PHVHF) within 5 days after admission. In group B, high volume hemofiltration (70 mL · kg-1 · h-1) was given to patients for 6 ～ 8 hours, and then conventional continuous vein - vein hemofiltration (35 mL · kg-1 · h-1) for 16 ~ 18 hours. The total length of period for continuum blood scavenging was 24 hours as one cycle. The interval between two cycles of blood scavenging was 24 hours. The changes of Th17 cells and CD4+ CD25 + Treg cells of 40 patients were detected with flow cytometry on the 1st day and the 5th day after admission. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 13. 0 software. Measurement data were analyzed with Paired-samples t-test, independent-samples t-test or one way ANOVA . Ratio of small samples was compared with fisher's exact test, and the correlation was analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis. Results The rates of Th17 cells were( 0.91 ±0.38)%, (2.09 ±0. 53)% , (3.90 ±0. 80)% , and ( 1. 85 ±0.35)% in control, moderate sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock groups, respectively, while the rates of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells were (0.39 ±0.23)%, (1. 72 ±0. 59)% , (2.72 ±0. 22)% , and (3. 55 ±0. 51)% , respectively. The rate of Thl7 cells on the 1st day was higher in severe sepsis group than that in other two groups ( P < 0. 05 ) without significant difference between septic shock and moderate sepsis groups ( P > 0. 05). Moreover , the rate of CD4+ CD25 + Treg cells was up - regulated on the 1st day in the following order from high to low: septic shock group > severe sepsis group > sepsis group (P < 0.05). The rates of Th17 cells and CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells in patients of group B decreased in greater degree than that did in patients of group A (P < 0.05 ). Conclusions The changes of Th17 cells and CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells may play an important role in pathogenesis of sepsis, and the pulsed high volume hemofiltration may be one of the effective treatments for the patients with sepsis by regulating the rates of Thl7 cells and CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells.     

心肌脂肪酸结合蛋白在脓毒症临床预后的预测价值研究

目的 探讨心肌脂肪酸结合蛋白(heart-type fatty acid-binding protein,H-FABP)在脓毒症患者临床预后的预测价值,提高脓毒症患者救治率.方法 采用前瞻性病例对照研究,纳入2014年10月至2015年10月就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院脓毒血症患者共50例,根据2012年脓毒症诊疗指南分为脓毒症组(16例)、严重脓毒症组(14例)、脓毒性休克组(20例);根据28 d后是否存活分为死亡组(22例)与存活组(28例).记录性别、年龄、族别等基本资料,入急诊6h内完善急性生理与慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分,H-FABP,B型脑钠利肽(B-typenatriuretic,BNP)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzymes,CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白(troponin-T,cTn-T)等指标.统计学采用SPSS 21.0软件,计量资料t检验或秩和检验、计数资料采用x2检验,非正态分布资料采用秩合检验,对生存状况进行ROC曲线分析.结果 脓毒性休克组的H-FABP明显高于严重脓毒症组和脓毒症组(P＜0.01).脓毒性休克组28天死亡率(80％)与严重脓毒症组28 d病死率高于脓毒症组28天死亡率(12.5％)(P＜0.01).死亡组H-FABP、BNP、cTn-T、CK、CK-MB均明显高于存活组,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对H-FABP和BNP行ROC曲线结果提示H-FABP (AUC=0.748,P=0.003,95％CI:0.605 ～0.890)优于BNP (AUC =0.714,P=0.010,95％ CI:0.573 ～0.856),当H-FABP取 9.902 ng/mL,敏感度82.1％,特异度63.6％.H-FABP对28 d病死率的预测具有一定价值.结论 脓毒性休克组病死率明显高于严重脓毒血症及脓毒症组.H-FABP相比BNP、CK、CK-MB,对脓毒症患者预后具有较大的预测价值,随病情加重而增高.H-FABP可以预测28 d病死率.     

危重病严重脓毒症/脓毒性休克患者早期规范化液体复苏治疗——多中心、前瞻性、随机、对照研究

目的 探讨早期目标导向治疗(EGDT)对严重脓毒症/脓毒性休克患者的影响.方法 采用多中心、前瞻性、随机、对照研究方法,选择2005年1月至2008年1月浙江省8家三级甲等医院重症监护病房(ICU)住院的314例严重脓毒症/脓毒性休克患者,按随机数字表法分为常规组(151例)和EGDT组(163例).常规组以中心静脉压(CVP)、收缩压(SBP)和平均动脉压(MAP)、尿量变化指导液体复苏;EGDT组在此基础上增加中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO2)为观测指标进行复苏;对患者进行输液、输血和强等治疗,6 h内达标.比较两组患者28 d生存率、ICU住院病死率(主要终点)以及ICU住院时间、机械通气时间、抗生素使用时间、新发感染率和疾病严重程度评分(次要终点)的差异.结果 可供分析的有效病例中EGDT组为157例,常规组为146例.EGDT组28 d生存率较常规组增高约17.7%(75.2%比57.5%,P=0.001),EGDT组ICU住院病死率较常规组降低约15.7%(35.0%比50.7%,p=0.035).与常规组比较,EGDT能明显善患者的急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分(分:14.4±8.5比18.0±7.1,P=0.043)、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)评分(分:5.8±3.1比8.9±3.7,P=0.014)和感染相关器官功能衰竭评分系统(SOFA)评分(分:5.6±2.9比10.4±3.7,P=0.001),减少抗生素使用时间(d:13.4±10.0比19.7±13.5,P=0.004),降低新发感染的发生率(37.6%比53.4%,p=0.014);EGDT对ICU住院时间、机械通气间均无明显影响.结论 EGDT能显著改善ICU中严重脓毒症/脓毒性休克患者28 d生存率和临床疾病严重程度评分,减少抗生素使用时间及降低新发感染的发生率.     

被动抬腿试验预测严重感染和感染性休克患者的容量反应性

目的 观察被动抬腿试验(PLR)预测严重感染和感染性休克患者容量反应性的价值.方法 采用前瞻性观察性研究方法,选择2009年2月至2010年1月北京大学深圳医院重症监护病房(ICU)的30例严重感染和感染性休克患者.在患者平卧位、PLR期间和扩容后进行血流动力学监测,用超声心排血量监测仪无创监测每搏量(SV)、心排血量(CO)、外周血管阻力(SVR)等血流动力学指标,持续监测有创动脉血压、中心静脉压(CVP).将扩容后SV增加值(△SV)≥15%定义为有容量反应性,用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价PLR预测容量反应性的价值.结果 扩容后有15例患者有容量反应.PLR期间无反应组和有反应组患者CVP(cm H2O,1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)均较平卧位时增加(13.6±6.6比12.1±6.0,11.9±5.5比10.8±5.2,均P＜0.01);有反应组PLR期间△SV明显高于无反应组[(16.6±5.5)%比(3.8±8.2)%,P=0.000];PLR期间△SV与扩容后△SV呈显著正相关(r=0.681,P=0.000);PLR预测容量反应性的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.944±0.039(P=0.000),PLR期间△SV＞11%预测容量反应性的敏感性和特异性分别为86.7%和93.3%,阳性预测率和阴性预测率分别为92.9%和87.5%.结论 PLR能精确预测严重感染和感染性休克患者的容量反应性,可指导临床治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the role of passive leg raising(PLR)test in predicting volume responsiveness in severe sepsis and septic shock patients. Methods Thirty severe sepsis and septic shock patients in intensive care unit(ICU)of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital were prospectively observed from February 2009 to January 2010. The hemodynamics including stroke volume(SV), cardiac output (CO)and systemic vascular resistance(SVR)were measured non-invasively by ultrasonic cardiac output monitor(USCOM)device in the supine position, during PLR and after volume expansion(VE), and invasive arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure(CVP)were monitored consecutively. Responders were defined by the appearance of an increase in SV(△SV)≥15% after VE. The role of PLR for predicting volume responsiveness was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves. Results The CVP (cm H2O, 1 cm H2O=0. 098 kPa)during PLR was increased compared with that at supine position in both responder group(n= 15)and non-responder group(n= 15, 13. 6± 6. 6 vs. 12. 1 ± 6. 0, 11.9± 5.5 vs.10. 8±5.2, both P＜0. 01). △SV was higher in responder group than in non-responder group during PLR [(16. 6±5.5)% vs.(3. 8±8. 2)%, P=0. 000]. △SV during PLR was highly correlated to △SV after VE (r=0. 681, P=0. 000). The area under the ROC curve(AUC)for PLR predicting volume responsiveness was 0. 944±0. 039(P=0. 000). The △SV＞11% during PLR was found to predict volume responsiveness with a sensitivity of 86. 7%, specificity of 93. 3 %, positive predictive value of 92. 9 % and negative predictive value of 87.5%. Conclusion PLR can be used generally to predict volume responsiveness accurately in severe sepsis and septic shock patients, and it can be used to direct clinical practice.     

Quality of life of survivors from severe sepsis and septic shock may be similar to that of others who survive critical illness

Introduction

The objective of the present study was to compare the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) of survivors from severe sepsis and septic shock with HR-QoL in others who survived critical illness not involving sepsis.

Methods

From March 1997 to March 2001, adult patients in an eight-bed medical/surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital admitted with severe sepsis or septic shock (sepsis group; n = 305) were enrolled and compared with patients admitted without sepsis (control group; n = 392). Patients younger than 18 years (n = 48) and those whose ICU stay was 1 day or less (n = 453) were excluded. In addition, patients exhibiting nonsevere sepsis on admission were excluded (n = 87). Finally, patients who developed nonsevere sepsis or severe sepsis/septic shock after admission were also excluded (n = 88).

Results

In-hospital mortality rates were 34% in the sepsis group and 26% in the control group. There were no differences in sex, age, main activity (work status), and previous health state between groups. Survivors in the sepsis group had a significantly higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score on admission (17 versus 12) and stayed significantly longer in the ICU. A follow-up appointment was held 6 months after ICU discharge, and an EQ-5D (EuroQol five-dimension) questionnaire was administered. A total of 104 sepsis survivors and 133 survivors in the control group answered the EQ-5D questionnaire. Sepsis survivors reported significantly fewer problems only in the anxiety/depression dimension. Although there were no significant differences in the other dimensions of the EQ-5D, there was a trend towards fewer problems being reported by sepsis survivors.

Conclusion

Evaluation using the EQ-5D at 6 months after ICU discharge indicated that survivors from severe sepsis and septic shock have a similar HR-QoL to that of survivors from critical illness admitted without sepsis.