阿仑膦酸钠壳聚糖纳米微粒制备和体外释药试验

目的:探索阿仑膦酸钠壳聚糖纳米微粒的制备方法.观察其体外释药速率,并探讨其作为新型阿仑膦酸钠制剂的应用前景.方法:采用乳液聚合法制备阿仑膦酸钠明胶纳米微粒,HPLC法测定其载药率和包封率及体外缓释能力,建立释药曲线.结果:载药壳聚糖纳米微粒平均粒径在100 nm～200 nm之间;载药率为8.52%,包封率为82.73%;在生理盐水中的释药规律符合一级动力学方程,t1/2为55.16min.结论:阿仑膦酸钠壳聚糖纳米微粒具有大小适中,缓释效果好和易降解盼特点,具有良好的临床应用前景.     

吸附和包埋法制备洛美沙星淀粉微球及其体外释放比较研究

目的 制备盐酸洛美沙星淀粉微球,并对其体外释药模式进行研究。方法 以盐酸洛美沙星为模型药物,采用吸附载药法和包埋载药法制备了载药淀粉微球,通过测定微球载药量、包封率和在不同的释放介质中的体外释放情况,对上述2种方法制备的载药微球进行质量评价。结果 吸附法制备的载药微球的平均载药量为14.54 µg·mg^-1,药物包封率为39.72%;而包埋载药法制备的淀粉微球的平均载药量为19.32 µg·mg^-1,药物包封率为48.95%。体外释药特性研究表明它们具有缓释特性,其中包埋载药法制备的淀粉微球比吸附载药法制备的淀粉微球有更好的缓释能力,在不同的释放介质中释药曲线也有所不同,在模拟胃液中累计释药量只能得到70%;而在模拟肠液中累计释药量能达到80%以上。结论 吸附载药法和包埋载药法制备的载药淀粉微球都具有缓释作用,但后者体外释药具有更明显的缓释效果。     

骨保护素-聚乳酸羟基乙酸缓释微球的制备及体外释药性能研究

目的 以聚乳酸羟基乙酸(PLGA)为载体构建载有骨保护素(OPG)的微球,筛选出缓释效果最佳的制备条件,并研究载药微球的体外释放特性.方法 采用复乳溶剂挥发法,以不同的搅拌速度、聚乙烯醇(PVA)浓度、PLGA浓度制备OPG-PLGA微球并测定其载药量和包封率,通过正交试验优化制备条件;以磷酸盐缓冲液作为释放介质考察载药微球的体外释放特性.结果 以PLGA聚合物浓度400 mg/ml、搅拌速度400 r/min、PVA浓度2％为条件制备的载药微球具有最优的载药量和包封率,分别为6.21×10-和75.10％,体外释药试验显示微球持续释放时间达到30 d,具有良好缓释效果.结论 采用优化条件制备的OPG-PLGA微球具有较高的包封率和载药量,同时具有良好的缓释效果,为用于拔牙位点保存术的缓释药物研究提供了基础.     

阿霉素明胶微球的制备及体外释药特性

目的对阿霉素明胶微球(ADM-GMS)的制备工艺及体外释药特性进行研究.方法用乳化交联法制备阿霉素明胶微球,采用正交试验设计法考察影响制备工艺的各因素.用扫描电镜观察微球表面形态.并对阿霉素明胶微球的粒径大小及其分布、载药量、包封率、体外释药、稳定性等进行了测定.结果微球形态圆整,大小均匀、表面光滑,平均粒径为69.154μm,87.32%的微球粒径分布在50～120μm.微球平均载药量为2.13%,包封率为42.62%.微球体外降解和释药特性满足要求,且37℃下性质稳定.结论该制备工艺稳定,制得的阿霉素明胶微球有望成为临床用动脉栓塞术治疗癌症的新制剂.     

顺铂纳米微球治疗骨肉瘤效果评价

目的:制备顺铂载药纳米微球,并通过理化手段检测其各项特征,考察其体外对骨肉瘤细胞的杀伤效果?方法:合成PCL-PEG二嵌段共聚物,采用溶剂分散法制备顺铂载药纳米微球?测定该顺铂载药微球对人骨肉瘤U-20s细胞系的杀伤效果?结果:所制备的载药微球粒径< 100 nm?载药量在5%左右,包封率则超过80%?体外稳定性实验证实了顺铂微球在室温下具有良好的稳定性?体外释放曲线显示了顺铂微球良好的缓释特性?MTT实验显示顺铂载药微球同样具有浓度依赖性的细胞杀伤效果,其各个时间点IC50值均稍大于顺铂裸药?结论:顺铂载药纳米微球具有一定的抗骨肉瘤作用,该种顺铂纳米给药系统作为一种新型的抗骨肉瘤纳米制剂值得进一步研究?     

阿司匹林-蒙脱土-壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及其体外释放性能

利用溶液法预先制备壳聚糖(Cs)-蒙脱土(MMT)复合材料(Cs-MMT),以Cs-MMT、Cs为原料,采用反相悬浮聚合法制得一种新型药物缓释体系阿司匹林-蒙脱土-壳聚糖载药微球(Asp-MMT-Cs)。采用FT-IR、SEM表征了Cs-MMT和Asp-MMT-Cs载药微球的结构及形态;设计正交实验优化了Asp-MMT-Cs载药微球的制备工艺;通过体外释放实验探讨了载药微球在不同模拟释放液中的释药规律。结果表明:所得微球球形度好,粒径分布较均匀;最优工艺制得的载药微球平均粒径为81.20μm,载药量为9.61%,包封率为76.78%。该缓释体系具有pH敏感性,更倾向于在pH较高的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中释放。     

肺靶向阿霉素微球的制备及其特性研究

目的制备肺靶向阿霉素明胶微球(ADM-GMS)并考察其特性。方法采用天然可生物降解的明胶为载体材料,液体石蜡为油相,乳化化学交联法制备阿霉素明胶微球。结果微球形态圆整,平均粒径10.8μm,5-15μm的微球占总数的85.5%,载药量为4.05%,包封率为42.3%,体外释药具有缓释特征,(25±2)℃、RH=60%条件下放置6个月,其稳定性良好。结论微球的粒径、形态、堆密度、流动性、载药量和包封率、体外释药性能及稳定性等基本符合肺部靶向的要求。     

ADM-PLGA缓释纳米微球的制备及体外释药的研究

目的 制备ADM-PLGA纳米微球,观察其一般特性、载药量、包封率和缓释特性.方法 采用超声乳化法制备缓释ADM-PLGA-Ns纳米微球,观察其一般特性,采用高效液相法测定ADM含量,并模拟体内条件研究ADM-PLGA-Ns纳米微球的体外缓释特性.结果 纳米微球表面光滑圆整,球体大小均匀,粒径为(21±5.4)nm,微球包封率和载药量分别为(89.71±7.31)%和(0.75±0.54)%.微球体外释药符合Higuichi方程,10 d后释放度达95.00%.结论 ADM-PLGA纳米微球制备工艺效果满意,具有明显的缓释作用.     

二甲双胍缓释明胶微球的制备及其性质考察

制备二甲双胍缓释明胶微球并对其进行包衣,同时对其相关性质进行考察.以天然可生物降解的明胶为载体材料,液体石蜡为油相,司盘-80为乳化剂,用乳化-交联法制备二甲双胍明胶微球并考察了微球形态、粒径大小和分布、载药量和包封率等性质.此工艺制得的明胶微球粒径分布良好,包衣微球达到了缓释口服微球制剂学的要求.制备工艺简便、重现性好.     

三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及体外释放特性研究

目的制备三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球,并对其体外释药特性进行研究。方法采用乳化交联法制备三七总皂苷壳聚糖微球,以粒径分布、包封率、载药量及体外释药速度为评价指标,考察处方因素对壳聚糖微球的影响。并采用正交设计L9(34)对处方进行优化。结果微球的平均粒径为(4.2±0.3)μm,包封率为(28.58±2.76)%(n=3),载药量为(17.15±1.65)%(n=3)。结论通过优化处方和制备工艺,采用乳化交联法制备的三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球,其体外释药具有明显的缓释作用且制备工艺简单。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.