利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症疗效及依从性比较

目的评价利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症的疗效及依从性．方法-98例精神分裂症患者随机分为2组，分别给予利培酮和氯丙嗪治疗，均治疗48周，于治疗前、8周末、48周末采用阳性症状阴性症状量表(PANSS)、药物副反应量表TESS评价其疗效、副反应及依从性．结果8周后利培酮组有效率91．9％，氯丙嗪组有效率89．8％、2组治疗前后比较有非常显著性的疗效(P＜O．01)，但两组间比较差异无显著性(P＞O．05)；48周后利培酮组有效率91．9％，氯丙嗪组有效率69．4％．利组疗效有显著性(P＜O．01)，氯丙嗪组疗效有显著性(P＜O．05)，利组优于氯组(p＜O．05)．利培酮组的不良反应发生率远低于氯丙嗪组．结论精神分裂症患者对利培酮的依从性高主要是因疗效好和副反应轻．     

奎硫平与利培酮治疗女性复发性精神分裂症对照研究

目的 比较奎硫平与利培酮治疗女性精神分裂症患者的疗效与不良反应,寻找治疗女性复发精神分裂症患者安全有效的药物.方法 对60例女性精神分裂症分别给与奎硫平和利培酮治疗,疗程为8周.采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应.结果 治疗8周后PANSS评分较治疗前显著下降,奎硫平组治疗有效率73.3%,显效率40%,利培酮组有效率76.7%,显效率46.7%,两组无显著性差异(p>0.05),奎硫平组不良反应少,无溢乳、月经紊乱.结论 奎硫平和利培酮对女性复发性精神分裂症患者是安全有效的,两者的疗效基本相当,奎硫平副反应较轻,无溢乳、月经紊乱,对女性精神分裂症患者的依从性好,是治疗女性精神分裂症复发的治疗和维持治疗的首选药物.     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗女性精神分裂症对照研究

目的 比较阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗女性精神分裂症患者的临床疗效和安全性.方法 对60例符合CCMD-3诊断标准的精神分裂症病人随机分为两组,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗8周.采用阳性症状和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定临床疗效,副反应量表(TESS)评定副反应.结果 治疗8周,阿立哌唑组和利培酮的显效率分别为73.33%和76.67%,差异无显著性(P＞0.05),阿立哌唑组副反应(锥体外系、体重增加)的发生率明显低于利培酮组(P＞0.05).结论 阿立哌唑治疗女性精神分裂症疗效好,起效快,不良反应少.     

利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的　评价利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和副作用。方法　将 5 9例精神分裂症住院病人随机分为利培酮 ( 4 mg/d)1组 ( 1 9例 )、利培酮 ( 6 mg/d) 2组 ( 2 0例 )和氯丙嗪组 ( 2 0例 ) ,治疗 8周。用阳性与阴性症状量表 ( PANSS)评定疗效 ,用副反应量表 ( BPRS)及锥体外系副反应量表 ( TESS)评定副反应。结果　利培酮两个剂量组与氯丙嗪组之间疗效无显著性差异。在认知因子、阴性因子、PANSS总分减分率方面 ,利培酮组与氯丙嗪组有显著性差异。利培酮的副反应有锥体外系反应、失眠、头昏等。结论　利培酮是一种安全有效的抗精神病药物 ,在改善认知功能和阴性症状方面 ,利培酮优于氯丙嗪 ,少数病例可出现锥体外系反应。     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗女性精神分裂症的对照研究

目的进一步探讨阿立哌唑对女性精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法以62例抚顺煤矿脑科医院住院的女性精神分裂症患者为研究对象,随机分成两组各31例,一组给予阿立哌唑治疗,一组给予利培酮治疗,于治疗前和治疗后第2、4、8周末各评定1次PANSS、TESS量表,以PANSS量表分变化及PANSS减分率评定疗效,以TESS量表观察副反应。结果阿立哌唑对女性精神分裂症患者阳性症状、阴性症状和精神病理症状均有显著疗效,疗效在用药2周末开始出现(PANSS总分、因子分与治疗前比P0.05),在用药4周末、8周末疗效更加显著(P0.01);阿立哌唑组显效率为71%,有效率为90%;利培酮组显效率为65%,有效率为87%,两组间差异无显著性(P0.05)。两组在震颤、肌强直、静坐不能、月经紊乱、体重增加等方面副作用明显,且阿立哌唑组明显低于利培酮组,差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论阿立哌唑是治疗女性精神分裂症安全有效的药物,副反应轻微,尤其是较少引起锥体外系反应、体重增加和月经紊乱,是女性精神分裂症首选药物。     

利培酮联用舍曲林治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的研究

目的 探讨利培酮联用舍曲林治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效.方法 将78例以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症患者随机分为合用组(利培酮合并舍曲林40例)与单用组(单用利培酮38例),疗程12周.使用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)和副反应量表(TESS)评定,在治疗前和治疗4、8、12周末各评定1次.结果 治疗12周后合用组有效率...     

音乐治疗合并国产利培酮治疗精神分裂症阴性症状对照研究

目的 照组在4周评分与疗前差异不显著(P＞0.05),在8周末评分下降显著(P＜0.05);两组在治疗后4周、8周SANS减分均数均有显著性差异(P＜0.01),两组BPRS减分均数均有显著性差异(P＜0.01),8周末NOSIE量表减分均数均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 音乐治疗合并国产利培酮治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的改善优于单用国产利培酮治疗.     

齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症对照研究

目的评价齐拉西酮治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法对76例首发精神分裂症患者分别使用齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗8周,采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、临床疗效总评量表的病情严重程度（CGI-SI）、副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效和安全性。结果治疗2、4、8周末两组PANSS总分及各因子分与疗前比较差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。两组间比较各周PANSS总分及各因子分差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,TESS评分差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论齐拉西酮治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效和安全性与利培酮相当。     

奎硫平和利培酮治疗女性精神分裂症对照研究

目的比较奎硫平与利培酮治疗女性精神分裂症患者的临床疗效及副作用。方法将92例女性精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别给予奎硫平与利培酮治疗,疗程6周。分别在治疗前及治疗后第2、4、6周末,采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定疗效、副反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果两组患者经6周治疗后,其有效率分别为86.7%和91.1%,两组药物疗效无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,利培酮组锥体外系反应的发生率、内分泌改变显著高于奎硫平组（P〈0.01）。结论奎硫平与利培酮对女性精神分裂症疗效相当,奎硫平锥体外系副反应和内分泌改变较利培酮少,更适用于女性精神分裂症患者。     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗老年期精神分裂症的对照研究

目的比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对老年期精神分裂症的疗效和不良反应。方法将60例老年期精神分裂症患者随机分为阿立哌唑组和利培酮组,分别给予阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗,疗程8周。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PAN SS),副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应。结果阿立哌唑组显效率46.7%,有效率83.3%,利培酮组显效率50.0%,有效率86.7%,两组疗效相仿,阿立哌唑组锥体外系反应小于利培酮组,但起效较利培酮组慢。结论阿立哌唑治疗老年期精神分裂症疗效与利培酮相仿,不良反应较轻,依从性好,值得推广。     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...