人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的探讨人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法对29例高龄股骨颈骨折患者采用人工股骨头置换术治疗。根据Harris评分和X线评估临床疗效。结果 29例均获随访,时间12~24(18±4)个月,患者髋关节功能恢复好,未发现髋内翻、感染、脱位。髋关节功能Harris评分:优22例,良7例。结论人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折,患者术后可早期下地负重行走,提高生活质量,疗效满意。     

高龄股骨转子间骨折患者人工股骨头置换术后生活质量评价

目的评价高龄股骨转子间骨折施行初次人工股骨头置换术后1年时的生活质量.方法对40例高龄股骨转子间骨折施行人工股骨头置换术作回顾性分析,对术后内科疾病的转归和不同时期髋关节X线片进行评估.结果无任何髋疼痛35例(87.5%),偶有隐痛或轻微疼痛5例(12.5%).能独立下地行走36例(90%),卧床或坐轮椅4例(10%).脑神经内科疾病术后多有复发或加重,其他内科疾病术后多较平稳.X线片显示:4例假体柄周围见有透亮带.结论无明显手术禁忌证的高龄股骨转子间骨折患者可积极采取人工股骨头置换术,早期负重活动,尽快恢复伤前活动能力,减少卧床引起的并发症.     

人工股骨头置换治疗合并急性脑梗死的高龄股骨颈骨折

目的探讨采用人工股骨头置换治疗合并急性脑梗死的高龄股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法笔者自2010-01—2014-10采用人工股骨头置换术治疗36例高龄股骨颈骨折合并脑梗死,根据术后Harris评分及X线评估临床疗效。结果所有患者术后随访3~12个月,术后6个月Harris评分:优23例,良9例,可4例,优良率88.9%,术后X线均未出现假体位置不良,随访期间未见假体松动、脱位。结论合并急性脑梗死的高龄股骨颈骨折经过围术期对症处理后,采用人工股骨头置换术安全有效,患者术后可早期下地行走活动,避免长期卧床并发症,提高生活质量。     

髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折疗效观察

目的探讨人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折患者的临床效果。方法2004年1月至2008年12月对67例70岁以上股骨颈骨折患者行全髋关节置换术（42例）或双极人工股骨头置换术（25例）,观察术后髋关节功能恢复情况。结果所有患者均在术后2～4周恢复行走能力,经过3～26个月（9．5±0．5）的随访,髋关节功能Harris评分：优23例。良38例,可4例,差2例,优良率91％。结论人工髋关节置换术能早期重建髋关节功能,术后早期活动,减少并发症,提高患者生活质量。     

人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的探讨人工双极股骨头置换和人工全髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法对149例高龄(平均81.2岁)股骨颈骨折行人工髋关节置换手术,其中人工双极股骨头置换术101例,人工全髋关节置换术48例。结果 133例获随访8～62个月,平均38个月,人工双极股骨头置换组Harris评分>80分者95例,占94.1%;人工全髋关节置换组Harris评分>80分者46例,占95.8%。结论在积极有效治疗内科并发症、严格麻醉监护和规范手术操作的前提下,人工髋关节置换术是治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的首选方法。     

人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨应用人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2010年10月,本组应用双极人工股骨头置换治疗32例高龄股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,骨折Garden分型：Ⅲ型20例,Ⅳ型12例。结果手术时间为25～60min,平均为35min,出血量50—500ml,平均220ml。随访12—24个月,平均随访16个月,术后1年Harris评分平均为95．1分,终末随访优良率为87．5％。无切口感染、骨折、神经血管损伤、髋关节脱位、假体松动等并发症。结论双极人工股骨头置换术是治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的良好方法之一。     

人工髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的探讨高龄股骨颈骨折人工髋关节置换的疗效。方法采用髋关节后外侧人路对58例（58髋）高龄股骨颈骨折患者行人工髋关节置换。结果经过3～19（8．5±0．5）个月随访，58例术后2～3周均恢复行走活动，无1例死亡。按髋关节功能Harris评分标准：优21例（21髋），良31例（31髋），可4例（4髋），差2例（2髋），优良率89．7％。结论人工股骨头或全髋关节置换术是治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的有效方法，可早期活动，恢复关节功能，提高生存质量。     

人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的探讨高龄股骨颈骨折患者理想的治疗方案。方法采用人工髋关节置换治疗70岁以上高龄股骨颈骨折患者37例。结果 37例均获随访,时间6～24个月。患者术后2～3周均恢复行走活动,无1例死亡。按髋关节功能Harris评分标准：优20例,良12例,可3例,差2例,优良率达86%。结论人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折患者,可早期下地活动,防止因长期卧床而出现的呼吸道及泌尿系感染等并发症;能早期恢复关节功能,提高生存质量。     

人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折中股距重建的策略

[目的]通过比较分析人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折与股骨颈骨折的疗效及预后,评价双极骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间粉碎骨折的效果.[方法]2005年6月～2009年6月间本院采用人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折和股骨颈骨折共112例患者,男35例,女77例,年龄75～96岁,平均81.4岁.其中股骨粗隆间骨折52例,股骨颈骨折60例.对手术时间、出血量、下地负重时间和髋关节功能进行评价.[结果]术后随访12～ 39个月,平均18.6个月.髋关节功能按Harris评分:股骨粗隆间骨折组,优良率92.1％(优22例,良25例,可3例,差1例).股骨颈骨折组,优良率91.3％(优28例,良25例,可4例,差1例).股骨颈骨折组在手术时间、出血量均显著优于股骨粗隆间骨折组.下地负重时间和髋关节优良率方面无显著差别.[结论]人工股骨头置换术可成为治疗高龄股骨粗隆间不稳定骨折的主要方法.     

高龄股骨粗隆间骨折人工股骨头置换术中股骨大粗隆的有效固定方法及疗效观察

目的探讨人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折术中股骨大粗隆有效固定的方法及疗效。方法采用张力带钢丝固定股骨大粗隆结合人工股骨头置换术治疗40例高龄股骨粗隆间骨折,观察术后负重时间、住院时间、术后并发症及髋关节功能Harris评分。结果术后平均第10天开始负重,平均住院时间14d。术后X线片显示股骨大粗隆骨折复位并固定满意。假体位置良好。随访6～20个月,无骨折再移位及假体松动。髋关节功能Harris评分平均94分,优34例。良4例。可2例,优良率95．0％。结论采用张力带钢丝有效固定股骨大粗隆结合人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折可减少患者卧床时间及并发症,安全可靠,髋关节功能恢复良好。     

高龄股骨颈基底型骨折人工关节置换与内固定术后生活质量评价

背景：股骨颈基底型骨折属于股骨颈骨折,同时又是囊外骨折,治疗方法有多种选择,由于发生率低故相关研究甚少。目的：比较分析高龄（70岁以上）股骨颈基底型骨折行人工股骨头置换与闭合复位内固定患者术后生活质量差异。方法：1995年9月至2009年6月共收治38例股骨颈基底型骨折患者,男12例,女26例;年龄70-91岁,平均79．4岁;全部患者均为外伤性新鲜骨折,其中16例选择人工股骨头置换为一组,另22例选择内固定术为一组。对比两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地时间及术后1年运用Harris评分中部分项目评定患者生活质量并结合术后1年髋部正侧位X线片。结果：两组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地时间等比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。人工股骨头置换组在1年后生活自理、髋部疼痛及行走距离等方面较内固定组优异。人工股骨头置换组1年后均未出现假体松动,而内固定组骨折均愈合。结论：人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨颈基底型骨折近期效果较理想,具有以下优点：（1）术后可早期负重活动,较快恢复伤前活动能力;（2）降低术后并发症和内科合并症的发生几率;（3）近期感觉及功能优于内固定。但同时股骨颈基底型骨折作为囊外骨折血供较好,骨折愈合率高,对于预期生存时间超过5年、骨质量较好的老年患者考虑行内固定治疗,可避免人工关节置换后期的磨损、松动及下沉。     

Association of intra-operative metaphyseal fractures with prosthesis size during hemiarthroplasty of the hip

PURPOSE: To study the possible causes of intra-operative metaphyseal fractures in elderly patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture. METHODS: 36 men and 228 women aged 61 to 89 years with 273 displaced femoral neck fractures underwent hemiarthroplasty using a hydroxyapatite ceramic-coated Furlong bipolar prosthesis. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken immediately after surgery to evaluate the presence and type of any intra-operative fractures (classified according to the Vancouver system) and their effect on stem stability or osseointegration. Pain and clinical outcomes were evaluated using a visual analogue scale and the Harris Hip Score. RESULTS: Regarding the 273 surgeries for displaced femoral neck fracture, 28 (10%) were associated with intra-operative metaphyseal fracture (21 Vancouver type AL and 7 type AG). There was a correlation between intra-operative metaphyseal fractures and stem size. A size-9 stem was used in 64 surgeries without any fracture. A size-10 stem was used in 129 surgeries in which 11 (9%) sustained fractures, and a size-12 stem was used in 80 surgeries in which 17 (21%) sustained fractures. Postoperatively, 25 cases developed hip-related problems (thigh pain=14 and periprosthetic fractures=8) after 3 to 18 months. No patient whose metaphyseal fracture was fixed had hip problems. CONCLUSION: In elderly women with compromised bone quality, extra care is needed to achieve better fitting so as to avoid iatrogenic metaphyseal fractures. Under-sizing or cementing of the prosthesis is recommended when encountering difficulties.     

人工股骨头置换与全髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折

目的了解、评价人工股骨头置换与全髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折的价值和选择。方法从１９９０年１月～１９９６年１２月住院治疗的股骨颈骨折病例中,选择年龄、性别、随访时间均相仿的人工股骨头置换术患者５４例,全髋置换术患者６０例,进行回顾性分析。结果发现两种术式的住院时间相仿,早期并发症均较低;人工股骨头置换组的中、远期并发症、再手术率较高,全髋置换组手术创伤。假体费用较大,随访功能优良率较高。结论全髋置换术适合于５５岁以上、有移位的头下型患者,人工股骨头置换术适合高龄或全身情况较差者。     

Internal fixation versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients with severe cognitive impairment

We studied 60 patients with an acute displaced fracture of the femoral neck and with a mean age of 84 years. They were randomly allocated to treatment by either internal fixation with cannulated screws or hemiarthroplasty using an uncemented Austin Moore prosthesis. All patients had severe cognitive impairment, but all were able to walk independently before the fracture. They were reviewed at four, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Outcome assessments included complications, revision surgery, the status of activities of daily living (ADL), hip function according to the Charnley score and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) according to the Euroqol (EQ-5D) (proxy report).General complications and the rate of mortality at two years (42%) did not differ between the groups. The rate of hip complications was 30% in the internal fixation group and 23% in the hemiarthroplasty group; this was not significant. There was a trend towards an increased number of re-operated patients in the internal fixation group compared with the hemiarthroplasty group, 33% and 13%, respectively (p = 0.067), but the total number of surgical procedures which were required did not differ between the groups. Of the survivors at two years, 54% were totally dependent in ADL functions and 60% were bedridden or wheelchair-bound regardless of the surgical procedure. There was a trend towards decreased mobility in the hemiarthroplasty group (p = 0.066). All patients had a very low HRQOL even before the fracture. The EQ-5D(index) score was significantly worse in the hemiarthroplasty group compared with the internal fixation group at the final follow-up (p < 0.001).In our opinion, there is little to recommend hemiarthroplasty with an uncemented Austin Moore prosthesis compared with internal fixation, in patients with severe cognitive dysfunction.     

高龄股骨颈骨折髋关节置换术的比较

目的　比较全髋关节置换术与半髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效和手术方式的选择。方法　 1990年 8月～ 1999年 8月对 110例 70～ 10 6岁股骨颈骨折患者采用人工髋关节置换术治疗 ,有 96例 (半髋关节置换组 44例 ,全髋关节置换组 5 2例 )获得随访 ,随访时间 15～ 112个月 ,平均 5 1个月。结果　半髋关节置换组优良者 38例 ,占 86 .4% ;全髋关节置换组优良者 48例 ,占 92 .3%。全髋关节置换组手术时间较半髋关节置换组平均长 2 0分钟 ,出血量多 12 0 ml,引流量多 140 ml。扶双拐下地时间、住院时间和住院费用无明显差别。结论　对高龄股骨颈骨折患者 ,年龄相对较轻 ,身体状况较好者选择全髋关节置换术 ;年龄相对较大 ,身体状况较差者选择半髋关节置换术 ,术后效果均较满意     

半髋柄固定方式对高龄股骨颈骨折疗效的影响

目的探讨半髋置换股骨柄在股骨近端髓腔不同形态固定方式对高龄股骨颈骨折疗效的影响。 方法回顾分析2007年1月至2017年2月在东莞市人民医院关节外科分别连续收治的75岁以上高龄股骨颈骨折患者100例,纳入标准：Garden Ⅲ、Ⅳ型、骨折前尚能独立行走;排除标准：股骨颈病理性骨折、同侧髋骨关节炎、严重内科疾病不能耐受手术。分为骨水泥组和生物组。骨水泥组行骨水泥股骨柄双动头置换术,生物组行生物双动头置换术,对比骨水泥组与生物组术中并发症,术后假体周围骨折情况,股骨近端髓腔Noble分型,股骨假体的初始位置,假体松动情况及其末次随访时的髋关节功能Harris评分差异,计量资料对比采用t检验,计数资料比较采用卡方检验。 结果100例患者均获得随访平均(15 ± 3)个月。骨水泥组术中出现明显骨水泥反应2例,未出现死亡病例,术后有2例出现假体周围骨折(Vancouver分型VB2型和VC型)。生物组术中出现股骨距骨折6例(Vancouver分型VAL型),术后假体周围骨折2例(Vancouver分型均为B2型),术后3个月内出现髋关节后脱位1例。术后3个月内死亡2例,均为肾功能衰竭患者。股骨柄的位置安放在内或外翻位>3°为异常时,100例中仅生物组1例烟囱型髓腔出现内翻位置达4°,异常率仅为1%。骨水泥型股骨柄容易出现外翻位放置,生物型股骨柄容易出现内翻位放置。术后末次随访髋关节功能Harris评分骨水泥组和生物组优良率分别为89%和83%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.44,P>0.05)。 结论生物无领矩形股骨柄(LCU股骨柄)与有领骨水泥股骨柄(Classic股骨柄)双动头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折患者在股骨近端不同类型的髓腔中均能获得良好的治疗效果。     

High incidence of cardiorespiratory deterioration in patients receiving cemented hip hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture

BACKGROUND: Anesthesia for patients who undergo surgery for femoral neck fractures can be associated with severe cardiopulmonary complications. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 361 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for femoral neck fractures. Dividing patients into three groups according to type of surgery-hip hemiarthroplasty (n=134), compression hip screw (n=123) or gamma nail (n=104)--we calculated the incidences of cardiorespiratory deterioration during anesthesia and examined factors associated with it. RESULTS: Among hemiarthroplasty patients, six (4.5%) encountered cardiorespiratory deterioration; four (3.0%) experienced profound hypotension, bradycardia or cardiac arrest immediately after implantation of the bone cement or insertion of the prosthesis into the femoral bone; and two (1.5%) developed hypoxia and angina pectoris during the late phase of surgery. Patients who underwent compression hip screw or gamma nail had no cardiorespiratory deterioration. No difference was found in patient characteristics or type of anesthesia used among the three surgery groups. Time of surgery and amount of blood loss both were significantly greater in patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical techniques selected for hip hemiarthroplasty, which is associate with an increase in intramedullary pressure, may be a significant risk factor for cardiorespiratory deterioration from anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery for femoral neck fracture.     

人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折—骨水泥与非骨水泥型假体的比较

目的对比骨水泥型和非骨水泥型两种假体在治疗股骨颈骨折中的应用差别。方法回顾了本机构近3年65岁以上股骨颈骨折实施人工股骨头置换的病例共221例,按应用骨水泥型和非骨水泥型假体进行分组。随访时间为1、3、6、12个月。比较两组间的手术时间、出血量、并发症发生率、术后下地时间、髋关节Harris评分等。结果两组在手术时间、术中并发症及下地时间存在差异,出血量、输血量、术后并发症及功能评分无差异。结论两种假体都能很好的应用于股骨颈骨折的治疗,需注意围手术期并发症的发生。     

人工股骨头置换与动力髋螺钉治疗老年股骨颈基底部骨折并骨质疏松的疗效比较

目的 分析人工股骨头置换术(artificial femoral head replacement,AFHR)与动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)内固定在治疗老年股骨颈基底部骨折并骨质疏松患者中的应用,对比两者在疗效上的差异.方法 回顾性分析我科2008年6月至2014年6月期间收治的47例老年骨质疏松股骨颈基底部骨折患者,按照手术方式进行分组:AFHR组22例,DHS组25例.详细记录并比较两组患者术中的出血量、术后引流量、手术时间、手术前后血红蛋白量以及术后第6、12个月髋关节功能的Harris 评分.根据骨盆平片及患髋侧位X线片观察股骨假体及钢板周围骨质的变化情况.结果 AFHR组的术中出血量、术后引流量、手术时间、手术前后血红蛋白量以及术后髋关节功能Harris评分优于DHS组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对于合并有骨质疏松的股骨颈基底部骨折的老年患者,AFHR手术时间短、出血少、近期髋关节功能恢复良好,临床效果较DHS更具优势.     

Recovery after hip fractures: influence of bipolar hemiarthroplasty on physical disability and social dependency in the elderly

Surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures is associated with a significant impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term influence of displaced femoral neck fractures treated by bipolar hemiarthroplasty on the activities of daily living, quality of life and social dependency. We studied 487 geriatric patients treated in the years 1989 to 2003. At the beginning of follow-up in 2004, 166 patients were alive and evaluation was carried out on 145 patients (87.3%) at 91.3 (14 - 244) months postoperatively by a standardized questionnaire. All enrolled patients had been treated with cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for a displaced femoral neck fracture. Patients were evaluated concerning their average pre- and postoperative ability to walk, the need for assisting devices, type of residency and the SF-12? Score. Femoral neck fracture and hemiarthroplasty had a significant influence on all recorded aspects of quality of life. Even though almost two thirds of the patients needed assisting devices to walk after surgery, about two thirds returned to their original type of accommodation and the majority reached their original degree of mobility. Compared to a normal population no significant impact was observed on the quality of life measured by the SF-12? score. We consider bipolar hemiarthroplasty an effective treatment option for displaced femoral neck fractures in geriatric patients. Most patients returned to their original type of accommodation and level of mobility, even though the majority required a number of assisting devices to do so.