人口导入居民和原住地居民体育锻炼的现状分析

目的：了解迁入居民和原住地居民体育锻炼的现状,以对不同人群提出有针对性的建议并给予科学指导。方法：通过问卷调查,了解菊泉新城社区30岁及以上的迁入居民（包括5个居委）和原住地居民（4个村委）共计1790人的锻炼情况。结果：调查对象中有956人参加体育锻炼,占调查总人数的56．24％,参与锻炼的迁人居民比原住地居民多。两类居民中均有半数左右选择步行和跑步的锻炼方式,原住地居民跳舞的比例较高,而迁入居民则以球类和气功居多。两类居民近半数锻炼频次在每周5次以上,迁入居民比例较高。居民锻炼强度达标的情况不容乐观,达标率仅6．59％。不锻炼的首位原因是“没时间”（59．01％）,尤其是原住地居民（63．50％）;其次是“不喜欢”（32．39％）,尤其是迁入居民（41．11％）。结论：在不同人群开展多形式的运动小组,可以有针对性地培养居民锻炼的兴趣;推广个人运动处方是提升辖区居民健身参与率和锻炼达标率的有效手段。     

上海市嘉定区青少年饮食和运动及减肥相关行为分析

目的了解上海市青少年饮食、运动与减肥相关行为状况,为开展学校健康教育及健康促进活动提供依据。方法采用"上海市青少年健康相关行为调查问卷"对分层整群抽取的6所学校共1087名学生进行问卷调查。结果青少年经常喝汽水饮料、吃甜点心、吃西式快餐及吃油炸食物的比例分别为29.8%,16.7%,40.5%和43.5%;经常喝牛奶和每天吃早餐的比例为52.3%和69.2%。经常参加日常体育锻炼的学生为35.5%;每天看电视/录像、做课外作业、玩电子游戏、上网时间>1h的比例分别为61.6%、64.4%、64.4%和65.1%。采取不健康减肥行为的学生比例为10.2%。结论积极开展健康教育,加强学生体育锻炼,培养学生良好的饮食和运动行为,促进学生健康。     

运动、饮食综合干预对妊娠期糖尿病合并妊娠期高血压孕妇影响观察

目的 探究运动、饮食综合干预对妊娠期糖尿病合并妊高症（GDM-PIH）孕妇母子结局及临床疗效的影响。方法 选取我院2016年1月到2017年9月间收治的152例妊娠期糖尿病合并妊高症患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各76例。对照组进行常规降糖降压治疗,观察组采用运动、饮食综合干预。比较两组患者血糖血压控制情况、Mg2+、内脂素水平、缺血缺氧损伤指标、血管新生因子水平和两组母子结局。结果 治疗前,对照组和观察组收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、空腹血糖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGGT2h）血糖、Mg2+、内脂素水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后,与对照组比较,观察组收缩压［136.74±11.26比148.62±11.56 mmHg］、舒张压［86.45±8.31比92.44±8.52 mmHg］、平均动脉压［100.24±9.13比110.28±9.36 mmHg］、空腹血糖、OGGT2h血糖、内脂素［18.22±4.37比23.25±4.88 μg/L］、缺氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α）［40.26±5.89比84.25±9.46 pg/L］、一氧化氮、内皮素-1、丙二醛、Caspase-3蛋白［5.58±1.87比12.46±2.32 pg/L］、Bax［9.42±1.25 比24.25±3.56 pg/L］、可溶性人血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)受体（sFlt-1）［（51.24±6.25比82.34±9.26） pg/L］水平降低;Mg2+、碱性成纤维生长因子、转化生长因子β1（transforming growth factor-β,TGFβ1）［110.12±11.13 比74.44±9.25 μg/L］、促血管生长素-2（angiogenin -2,Ang-2）［68.65±7.21 比45.97±6.33 pg/L］、肝细胞生长因子（Hepatocyte Growth Factor ,HGF）［80.12±8.32 比56.98±5.99 mg/L］、VEGF［207.61±24.15比115.54±15.22 mg/L］水平升高,不良妊娠结局［（15.79% 比42.11%）］、不良胎儿结局［（26.32% 比50.00%）］降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 运动、饮食综合干预能有效控制患者病情,平衡患者缺血缺氧损伤指标、降低血管新生因子水平,从而改善GDM-PIH患者的母子结局,值得临床推广。     

Weight and metabolic effects of dietary weight loss and exercise interventions in postmenopausal antidepressant medication users and non-users: A randomized controlled trial

Objective

Antidepressants may attenuate the effects of diet and exercise programs. We compared adherence and changes in body measures and biomarkers of glucose metabolism and inflammation between antidepressant users and non-users in a 12-month randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Overweight or obese, postmenopausal women were assigned to: diet (10% weight loss goal, N = 118); moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise (225 min/week, N = 117); diet + exercise (N = 117); and control (N = 87) in Seattle, WA 2005–2009. Women using antidepressants at baseline were classified as users (N = 109). ANCOVA and generalized estimating equation approaches, respectively, were used to compare adherence (exercise amount, diet session attendance, and changes in percent calorie intake from fat, cardiopulmonary fitness, and pedometer steps) and changes in body measures (weight, waist and percent body fat) and serum biomarkers (glucose, insulin, homeostasis assessment-insulin resistance, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) between users and non-users. An interaction term (intervention × antidepressant use) tested effect modification.

Results

There were no differences in adherence except that diet session attendance was lower among users in the diet + exercise group (P < 0.05 vs. non-users). Changes in body measures and serum biomarkers did not differ by antidepressant use (P_interaction > 0.05).

Conclusion

Dietary weight loss and exercise improved body measures and biomarkers of glucose metabolism and inflammation independent of antidepressant use.     

Quality of life is not negatively affected by diet and exercise intervention in healthy men with cardiovascular risk factors

Health-related quality of life was assessed in a diet and exercise intervention study among 157 healthy men aged 35–60 years (mean ± s.d.; 46.2 ± 5.0) with moderately raised cardiovascular risk factors. The men were randomized to four groups, diet (D, n=40), exercise (E, n=39), diet plus exercise (DE, n=39), and no active intervention (controls (C) n=39). Quality of life was measured with two self-administered questionnaires; Subjective Symptoms Assessment Profile and Minor Symptom Evaluation Profile, at baseline and after 1.5, 3 and 6 months. Cardiovascular risk factors were investigated at baseline and after 6 months. As a result of changes in dietary habits and physical exercise in the three intervention groups, several important cardiovascular risk factors were significantly reduced. The quality of life/well-being did not differ between the four groups and did not change significantly in any of the groups during the study. There was, however, a tendency towards fewer gastrointestinal symptoms in group D and fewer cardiac symptoms in group DE. We conclude that advice on lifestyle changes in the form of diet and exercise reduce risk factors in middle-aged men without negative effects on their quality of life.This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Karolinska Institute Foundation, and the Bayer Fellowship for general practitiones.     

Latent class growth analysis successfully identified subgroups of participants during a weight loss intervention trial

IntroductionWeight loss interventions often present small mean weight changes over time, despite the fact that a substantial proportion of the participants lost more weight. This effect is often leveled out by the substantial proportion of participants who gained weight during the trial. The aim of this study is to identify and describe distinct subgroups of participants with different weight change trajectories during and after a weight loss intervention.MethodsWe used data from a weight loss intervention that was part of a randomized controlled trial on the preventive effect of a tailor-made weight loss intervention and oral glucosamine sulfate on the incidence of knee osteoarthritis in 407 overweight women aged 50 to 60 years. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to identify subgroups of participants with different weight change trajectories over time.ResultsUsing LCGA, we identified three subgroups with different trajectories of weight change, one large group (n = 298) with almost no change over time, and two smaller groups (both n = 48), of which one represents participants who steadily gained weight over time, whereas the other represents participants who steadily lost weight over time. Participants that had relatively low body weight around their 40th year of life and that gained weight in the year preceding the study were most likely to belong to the group that lost weight.ConclusionLCGA was a suitable method to identify three distinct groups of participants with different trajectories of weight change. Low body weight at age 40 and weight gain in the year preceding the study were associated with a higher chance of membership of the group that lost weight. It seems weight loss that occurred during this weight loss intervention was mostly recently gained weight.     

利用修订膳食平衡指数评价陕西省汉中农村地区居民膳食质量

目的：采用修订中国膳食平衡指数（DBI-07）评价陕西省汉中地区农村居民膳食质量,并探讨其影响因素。方法2010年采用半定量食物频率问卷对汉中地区18～80岁农村居民膳食进行横断面调查。采用DBI-07相关指标评价膳食质量;应用多因素线性回归方法,分析影响摄入不足和摄入过量的影响因素。结果共调查2241人,其中65%以上被调查村民的谷薯类、调味品摄入量平均水平超过推荐量;动物性食物、蛋奶类和蔬菜水果存在明显摄入不足。人群平均负端分（DBI_LBS）和正端分（DBI_HBS）分别为24.83和5.70,中度摄入不足（25≤DBI_LBS≤36）和摄入过量（14≤DBI_HBS≤19）的比例分别为33.4%和51.0%。家庭人口数、文化程度、财富指数、参加体育锻炼、劳动强度和已戒烟是摄入不足的保护因素（P＜0.05）;中等经济水平、饮酒（≥2次/周）、男性、年龄和吸烟（＞15支/日）是摄入过量的危险因素（P＜0.05）;家庭人口数和高中及以上学历是摄入过量的保护因素（P＜0.05）。结论陕西省汉中地区农村居民膳食结构不均衡,以摄入量不足为主,同时存在部分食物摄入过量,有必要在不同人群中开展有针对性的干预措施。     

运动对慢性病干预效果的研究进展

目的 总结运动干预常见慢性病的治疗效果,分析各种运动治疗方案适用范围及存在的问题,以期指导临床实践,并为后续研究提供参考.方法 在WHO官网、Web of Science及相关网站和PubMed、Embase、CNKI、维普、知网、万方等数据库中,以慢性病、运动治疗、干预效果、心脑血管疾病、高血压、...     

Effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention and a structured exercise intervention in older adults

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a lifestyle intervention and a structured exercise intervention on physical activity in older adults. METHOD: Participants were randomly assigned to a lifestyle intervention (n=60), including an individualized home-based program supported by phone calls, or to a structured intervention (n=60) consisting of three weekly supervised sessions. Results were compared with a control group (n=66). Physical activity was measured with self-report questionnaires, pedometers, and accelerometers before the start (pretest), at the end (11 months, posttest), and after 23 months (follow-up). The study took place in Belgium from March 2004 until April 2006. RESULTS: At posttest, both intervention groups had significantly increased their total physical activity compared with the control group. At follow-up, the lifestyle group showed significantly larger increases in active transportation and total steps than the control and structured group respectively. There were no longer significant differences between the structured intervention and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The structured and lifestyle interventions were equally effective at the end of the intervention. One year after the intervention the lifestyle group maintained a significant increase in physical activity, which highlights the potential of lifestyle programs in the battle against inactivity in older adults.     

高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂长期减肥效果研究

目的:研究高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(exendin-4)长期皮下注射的减重效果.方法:将40只Wistar幼年大鼠,随机分成四组(三个给药组和一个对照组),给药组分别皮下注射1、5、25μg/kg Exendin-4,连续26周,记录体重、摄食量,并检测血清胆固醇、三酰甘油,测定腹膜后肾周围脂肪重量和细胞大小.结果:用药后大鼠体重增长缓慢,腹膜后肾周围脂肪重量和血清三酰甘油降低,而摄食量、血清胆固醇、脂肪细胞大小不受药物的影响.结论:Exendin-4长期皮下注射,具有抑制脂肪细胞增生,延缓体重增长的效果.     

社区居民健康教育干预试验

1997- 2 0 0 2年对邹城市 4个社区居民开展了健康教育干预 ,实验组受试对象卫生知识水平自干预前的6 2 .84分提高到 89.2 8分 ,卫生观念发生了明显的改变 ,8项卫生行为形成率显著提高 ,肠道寄生虫感染率较对照组低16 .0 1% ,所观察的 8种老年人常见慢性病发病率除恶性肿瘤发病率与对照组相近外 ,其余 7种均低于对照组     

九市学龄前儿童饮食运动睡眠状况调查及城郊差异比较

目的 调查九市学龄前儿童饮食、运动及睡眠状况,比较城郊差异.方法 研究对象为2015年6-10月参与"中国九市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查"的3～7岁儿童,采用分层整群抽样方法在9个城市调查3～7岁儿童53 172名.饮食、运动、睡眠调查采用自制问卷、面对面询问完成.分析儿童饮食和生活习惯的现状及城郊差异.结果 53 17...     

泰安市农村居民健康教育与行为干预效果评价

目的 评价对农村居民进行健康教育与行为干预的效果。方法 根据社区诊断，选择17条健康知识和15项健康行为作为健康教育与行为干预的内容。随机抽取研究对象进行问卷调查，分析比较健康教育前后健康知识知晓率和健康行为形成率的变化。结果 在健康教育与行为干预后，目标人群健康知识知晓率平均由健康教育与行为干预前的44．24％升至82．56％；健康行为形成率平均由健康教育与行为干预前的68．49％提高到89．33％。结论 健康教育与行为干预是提高农村居民健康知识水平、促进健康行为形成的有效途径。     

健康教育干预对妇女产后体重滞留的影响

目的:探索健康教育干预对妇女产后体重滞留的影响.方法:采取前瞻性队列研究设计方法,选择合肥市某妇幼保健站进行体检的妇女作为观察对象,并将入选对象随机分配到干预组和对照组,干预组施加3个阶段的健康教育.基线于妇女产后42天时建立,以自编式调查问卷的方式获得基线信息,随后对观察对象随访1年.产后体重恢复情况分别于42天、3个月、6个月、9个月和1年测量5次,计算各时点体重与孕前、基线体重的差值.随访期间填写知信行调查问卷,对干预效果进行评价.结果:干预组在每个随访时点上的体重减少值大于对照组,与基线比各时点体重减少值两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随访各阶段干预组体重滞留值均小于对照组,但两组间无统计学差异.干预组在产后1年体重滞留为(2.68±4.30)kg,肥胖率是18.7％;对照组体重滞留是(3.17±4.19) kg,肥胖率为25.4％.干预有助于提高产妇健康知识水平.结论:本研究发现干预在减少产后妇女体重滞留具有一定的积极作用.建议制定更加全面的个性化健康教育方案,提高干预效应.     

决明子茶结合步行锻炼对中老年人减肥效果观察

目的 探讨饮用决明子茶结合步行锻炼对中老年减肥效果的观察,为中老年人抑制和预防肥胖的发生、发展及开发安全、有效的减肥胖中药产品提供参考依据.方法 依据WGOC推荐的BMI值的分类标准,选取无器质性疾病且能完成本实验过程的45～65岁的肥胖中老年人60名为研究对象,随机分成双重干预组和运动干预组,双重干预组每人每天饮用一份决明子茶并进行步行锻炼40 min,运动干预组仅每天与双重干预组同时、同地、同法进行步行锻炼,共计60d.结果 双重干预对实验对象的HR、SBP、DBP、VC、VBI、体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、WHR、腹皮褶、腰皮褶、TG、CHOL、HDL、LDL、ApoAI、ApoB等观测指标的良性改善差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 简便易行的决明子茶饮配方中的三种成分均有降脂减肥功效,长期步行锻炼又能促进新陈代谢加快,有利于决明子茶饮中的有效成分在体内的充分吸收和利用,两者结合减肥效果明显,可初步认为本研究的成果可作为肥胖中老年人前期的减肥方法进行推广应用.     

Multiple health behaviors: patterns and correlates of diet and exercise in a Hispanic college sample

Obesity rates are alarming in various ethnocultural groups, particularly in Hispanics. With Hispanics being the fastest growing group to enter college, the aims of the current study were to examine patterns and correlates of exercise and dietary behaviors in Hispanic college students. Data were collected from 693 Hispanic undergraduates who enrolled online and received course extra credit for participation. Individuals completed questionnaires assessing constructs of the transtheoretical model for three health behaviors (exercise, dietary fat, and fruit/vegetable stages of change) along with demographic, psychosocial, and acculturation measures. Less than 1% of students had 0 obesity-relevant risks, while 68% indicated 2 or more risks. Only 2% of the sample met fruit and vegetable guidelines. Lower income was associated with greater obesity-relevant risks, while stress coping ability was associated with fewer such risks. Findings indicate specific obesity risk behaviors in Hispanic college students and suggest demographic and psychosocial targets for prevention and intervention according to stage of change.