The Norwegian version of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐efficacy scale (CSES): a validation and reliability study

Scand J Caring Sci; 2010; 24; 600–609
The Norwegian version of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐efficacy scale (CSES): a validation and reliability study The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, internal consistency and face and construct validity of the Norwegian version of the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Self‐Efficacy Scale (CSES). The CSES was translated into Norwegian according to standard procedures for forward and backward translation, and administered to 100 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (51% men, mean age 66.1 years, range 42–82) prior to their participation in an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme. The CSES‐N (translated version) consists of 34 items comprising five subscales describing negative affect, intense emotional arousal, physical exertion, weather/environment and behavioural risk factors. Each scale ranges from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating better self‐efficacy. For validation purposes, we measured lung function (FEV₁, FEV₁% predicted) and exercise capacity (ISWT), and administered the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A pilot study confirmed that the CSES‐N was clear, understandable and easy to self‐administer. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.98 for the total score (0.80–0.96 for subscales). Results showed small to medium negative correlations between all CSES‐N scales and anxiety, depression (HADS), physical activity, psychosocial impact of disease and total health status (SGRQ) (?0.20 to ?0.49). Small or negligible negative correlations between different CSES‐N scales and respiratory symptoms (SGRQ) (?0.03 to ?0.23) were found. Any correlations among exercise capacity, lung function and different socio‐demographic variables (age, gender and education) and CSES‐N were also small or negligible (0.00 to 0.23). This study shows acceptable feasibility, internal consistency and face and construct validity for the CSES‐N in a sample of Norwegian COPD patients.     

Instrument development of the Self-Efficacy Scale for Abused Women

The development of a scale to measure an abused woman's self-efficacy is described. The Self-Efficacy Scale for Abused Women (SESAW) originally was a 27-item 100-mm visual analog scale. It underwent face and content validity testing and was administered to a community sample of abused women (N = 50). The SESAW was tested for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. Cronbach's alphas were.95 and.96 at times 1 and 2, respectively. The bivariate correlation between the SESAW at times 1 and 2 was r =.85, p <.01. Construct validity was established by a moderate bivariate correlation with the criterion as measured by the Self-Efficacy Scale-general/global subscale (r =.64, p <.01 at time 1, and r =.78, p <.01 at time 2). The SESAW was streamlined to 19 items. The SESAW is an acceptable measure of situation-specific self-efficacy in community-based abused women.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者生活质量与自我效能相关性研究

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者生活质量与自我效能的相关性。方法:于2011年4-11月采用便利抽样的方法,选取广州市某医院病情稳定、准许出院的患者和门诊患者进行调查,分别使用圣乔治呼吸问卷和COPD自我效能量表对患者的生活质量和自我效能进行测评。结果:COPD患者生活质量的症状评分与自我效能的负面影响、极端的情绪激动、体力活动、天气/环境维度评分均具有相关性(r=0.28～0.33,P<0.05)。COPD患者生活质量的活动评分、影响评分及总分评分与患者自我效能的各维度评分均具有相关性(r=0.38～0.58,P<0.01)。结论:COPD患者的生活质量与自我效能存在关联,患者的自我效能水平越高,其生活质量也越高,提示可以从提高患者的自我效能水平着手,改善COPD患者的生活质量。     

Using self-efficacy theory to educate a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case study of 1-year follow-up

Self-efficacy is important in determining which activities or situations an individual will perform or avoid. This is a case study report to explore the utility of structured education programme on strengthening self-efficacy in an older adult with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To comprehensively evaluate this intervention, a combined qualitative and quantitative approach was used. Although qualitative data were collected following the interview guide, quantitative data were collected by the demographic data form and the COPD Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) at the preprogramme and postprogramme stage. The patient's self-efficacy scores improved after 8 weeks of the structured education programme and remained relatively constant on all the repeated measurements after education. Qualitative data were identified as 'difficulties' and 'facilities'. This study indicates that, by applying a self-efficacy theory, a planned education programme could be useful in improving both short-term and long-term self-efficacy in patients with COPD.     

Methodological issues encountered in a study of hospitalized COPD patients

A study with hospitalized chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients determined the feasibility of providing and evaluating a tailored education program. This article describes two methodological issues encountered. Issues included recruitment and retention, and selection of outcome measures. The COPD Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) and Dartmouth Functional Health Status (FHS) charts provided data on evaluation and outcome measurements. Of 67 patients, 55% met eligibility criteria, 73% (n = 27) agreed to participate, and 74% (n = 20) completed the study. Results revealed acceptance and satisfaction with the educational intervention. The median CSES score, significantly (z = 3.51,p = .004) improved from 53% to 82%. In FHS, a 20% improvement occurred in all except social support. Methodological concerns with the CSES reinforced the need for further investigation of the reliability and validity for hospitalized COPD patients. Researchers' observations may assist in planning educational interventions and program evaluations with hospitalized COPD patients.     

Development of a self-efficacy scale for mammography

Mammography screening has been demonstrated to decrease mortality from breast cancer. Although adherence rates have increased, there is still a need to increase annual screening. Self-efficacy is a construct that has been found useful in predicting behaviors. Measurement of self-efficacy needs to be specific to the behavior and to have good validity and reliability. The purpose of this study is to describe development of a self-efficacy instrument to measure confidence in obtaining a mammogram. Bandura's model guided item development. Construct validity was measured using confirmatory factor analysis and logistic regression. Cronbach alpha was used to test internal consistency reliability. A Cronbach alpha coefficient of .87 was obtained. The mammography self-efficacy scale evidenced content and construct validity.     

The psychometric properties of the diabetes management self-efficacy scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

This article summarizes the development and validation of a scale to measure the level of self-efficacy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Self-efficacy is described as people's belief in their capability to organize and execute the course of action required to deal with prospective situations. This self-efficacy scale was developed based on the self-care activities these patients have to carry out in order to manage their diabetes. The following psychometric properties of this scale were established: content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and stability. The original scale contained 42 items. A panel of five experts in diabetes and four self-efficacy experts evaluated the original scale two times for relevance and clarity. This content validity procedure resulted in a final scale which consisted of 20 items. Subsequently, patients with type 2 diabetes were asked to complete this 20-item scale and further tests were done with the 94 usable responses. Factor analysis identified four factors, all of which were related to clusters of self-care activities used to manage diabetes which comprised this scale. The internal consistency of the total scale was alpha=0.81 and the test-retest reliability with a 5-week time interval was r=0.79 (P < 0.001).     

中文版决策自我效能量表在原发性肝癌患者治疗决策中的信效度检验

目的 对决策自我效能量表汉化,并通过在原发性肝癌患者决策中的应用进行信效度检验,以评价该量表在我国癌症患者治疗决策领域应用的可行性.方法 按照Brislin量表汉化原则,对量表进行翻译、回译和跨文化调适.采用便利抽样法选取150名原发性肝癌住院患者为研究对象,检验中文版决策自我效能量表的信效度.结果 中文版决策自我效能...     

Use of self-efficacy and dyspnea perceptions to predict functional performance in people with COPD.

This correlational and comparative study explored whether self-reports of self-efficacy and dyspnea perceptions predict the perceived level of functional performance in adults who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The convenience sample included 97 Caucasian men (52) and women (45). Participants had to have a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of less than 70% predicted, and a FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) of less than 70%. Participants were recruited from pulmonary function laboratories and from better breather support groups in a Midwestern state. Three standardized, self-report instruments, COPD Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES), the Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire (PFSDQ), and Functional Performance Inventory (FPI) were used to measure the participants' self-report of their perceptions of self-efficacy, dyspnea, and functional performance. Dyspnea predicted 38.1% of the variance in functional performance, with self-efficacy contributing an additional 6.5% to the variance in the total sample. Self-efficacy predicted 36.5% of the variance in functional performance in men, with dyspnea contributing an additional 7.2% to the variance. However, in women, only dyspnea was a significant predictor of functional performance, at 48.5% when both dyspnea and self-efficacy were entered as independent variables. To improve patients' perceptions of functional performance, nurses can use methods such as breathing techniques and upper- and lower-body exercises that increase optimal management of dyspnea. Nurses may increase the self-efficacy of managing dyspnea by helping patients master breathing techniques and exercise through coaching and providing vicarious experiences through patient support groups or pulmonary rehabilitation programs.     

Self-efficacy for health-related behaviors among deaf adults

The purpose of this quasi-experimental, pre-post-test study was to test the effectiveness of the Deaf Heart Health Intervention (DHHI) in increasing self-efficacy for health-related behaviors among culturally deaf adults. The DHHI targets modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A sample of 84 participants completed time-1 and time-2 data collection. The sign language version of the Self-Rated Abilities Scale for Health Practices (SRAHP) was used to measure self-efficacy for nutrition, psychological well-being/stress management, physical activity/exercise, and responsible health practices. Total self-efficacy scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the comparison group at time-2, controlling for scores at baseline (F [1, 81] = 26.02, p < .001). Results support the development of interventions specifically tailored for culturally deaf adults to increase their self-efficacy for health behaviors.     

Development of an instrument to assess perceived self-efficacy in the parents of infants

In addition to research applications, the measurement of perceived parental self-efficacy (PPSE) could be useful clinically in screening for parenting difficulties, targeting interventions, and evaluating outcomes. In this research we examined the psychometric properties of the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS), a new 15-item PPSE measure. A no-problem control group and three clinical groups comprising 187 mothers with infants were recruited. The KPCS showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .81), test-retest reliability (r = .88), and discriminant and convergent validity. A cut-off score was determined, and the scale's sensitivity and positive predictive power was 86% and 88%, respectively. The KPCS may prove a useful addition to tools for the assessment of parents and infants presenting to clinical services.     

Reliability and validity of the PAD questionnaire: a measure to assess pain-related decline in physical activity.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the reliability and validity of the physical activity decline (PAD) score: a measure for assessing a decline in the level of physical activity in patients with chronic pain. DESIGN: This study was embedded in a prognostic cohort study based on an inception cohort of patients with sub-acute low back pain. PATIENTS: Sixty-two patients who developed chronic pain participated in this study. METHODS: Internal consistency was expressed by Cronbach's alpha and the test-retest reliability was based on an intraclass coefficient (ICC) score. Construct validity was determined using a Pearson correlation coefficient with disability (Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale), a change in physical activity level (DeltaBPAQ) as external criteria for convergent validity. The level of physical activity (Physical Activity Rating Scale) was used as external criterion for discriminant validity. RESULTS: The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) and reliability (ICC = 0.93) of PAD were shown to be good. The construct-validity of the PAD questionnaire appeared to be adequate, with Pearson coefficients of r = 0.45 (p < 0.01; a change in BPAQ), r = 0.55 (p < 0.01; disability) and r = 0.03 (p = 0.74; physical activity). Based on the fact that 38.7% of the patients had the lowest score of 0, the presence of a floor-effect in the PAD score must be considered. CONCLUSION: The reliability and validity of the PAD questionnaire in its original Dutch version appears to be good. Further research is warranted regarding the presence of a floor-effect.     

Turkish version of the revised nursing professional values scale: Validity and reliability assessment

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the Revised Nursing Professional Values Scale (NPVS‐R). Methods: The sample of this methodological study consisted of 385 participants, including senior undergraduate nursing students (n = 328) and clinical nurses (n = 57). Data was collected using the NPVS‐R. For NPVS validity, content validity and construct validity were analyzed. The content validity index (CVI) was used to determine item validity. Results: Item CVI ranged from 0.78 to 1.0, and total CVI was 0.93. Construct validity was examined using factor analysis and the five factors were identified as original NPVS‐R. Chronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency reliability. The 26‐item NPVS had a standardized alpha coefficient of 0.92. Test‐retest reliability scale was r = 0.76 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our analyses showed that the Turkish version of NPVS‐R has high validity and reliability.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动自我效能与希望水平现状及相关性研究

目的：了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者运动自我效能和希望水平现状,分析两者的相关性。方法：便利抽样选择2020年3月至10月石家庄市3所三级甲等医院353例呼吸科住院的COPD患者,采用一般资料调查问卷、运动自我效能量表（EXSRES）、希望水平量表（HHI）进行调查,分析COPD患者自我效能和希望水平的相关性。结果 ：COPD患者运动自我效能得分为71.00(67.00,76.00)分,COPD患者希望水平得分为34.00(33.00,35.00)分。相关性分析结果显示,COPD患者运动自我效能总分与希望水平总水平及各维度均呈正相关（P<0.001）。结论：COPD患者运动自我效能与希望水平均处于中等水平,两者呈正相关。医务人员可通过提高患者的希望水平提升运动自我效能,为医务人员进一步制定针对COPD患者运动自我效能的干预措施提供依据。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者健康知识水平与自我效能的相关性

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者健康知识水平、自我效能现状,并分析两者间关系,为今后开展自我管理项目提供依据。方法采用自行设计的慢性阻塞性肺疾病健康知识问卷及慢性阻塞性肺疾病自我效能量表对68例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者进行健康知识及自我效能水平调查,并分析两者间的相关性。结果慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者健康知识评分为(18.03±5.12)分,自我效能评分为(2.38±0.50)分,总体处于中等水平;经Spearson相关分析,自我效能总分(r=0.339,P<0.01)、呼吸困难管理(r=0.551,P<0.01)及情绪(r=0.374,P<0.01)评分与知识水平呈显著正相关,其余3个维度得分与知识水平无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论 COPD患者健康知识及自我效能水平均不高,临床及社区医护人员应重视对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者疾病自我管理的干预,提高患者对疾病健康知识的认知,进而提高自我效能水平,促进自我管理行为的建立。     

Development of the outcome expectancy scale for self-care among periodontal disease patients

Rationale The theory of self‐efficacy states that specific efficacy expectations affect behaviour. Two types of efficacy expectations are described within the theory. Self‐efficacy expectations are the beliefs in the capacity to perform a specific behaviour. Outcome expectations are the beliefs that carrying out a specific behaviour will lead to a desired outcome. Objective To develop and examine the reliability and validity of an outcome expectancy scale for self‐care (OESS) among periodontal disease patients. Methods A 34‐item scale was tested on 101 patients at a dental clinic. Accuracy was improved by item analysis, and internal consistency and test–retest stability were investigated. Concurrent validity was tested by examining associations of the OESS score with the self‐efficacy scale for self‐care (SESS) score and plaque index score. Construct validity was examined by comparing OESS scores between periodontal patients at initial visit (group 1) and those continuing maintenance care (group 2). Results Item analysis identified 13 items for the OESS. Factor analysis extracted three factors: social‐, oral‐ and self‐evaluative outcome expectancy. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the OESS was 0.90. A significant association was observed between test and retest scores, and between the OESS and SESS and plaque index scores. Further, group 2 had a significantly higher mean OESS score than group 1. Conclusion We developed a 13‐item OESS with high reliability and validity which may be used to assess outcome expectancy for self‐care. A patient's psychological condition with regard to behaviour and affective status can be accurately evaluated using the OESS with SESS.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我效能与生存质量的相关性分析

目的 调查慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我效能及生存质量现状,并分析两者间的关系,为今后对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者开展以自我效能为理沦框架的健康干预提供依据.方法 采用慢性阻塞性肺疾病自我效能量表及圣乔治呼吸问卷对68例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者进行自我效能及生存质量的调查,并分析两者间的相关性.结果 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我效能总分为...     

Relationship between self-reported function and disability and balance performance measures in the elderly

This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Hebrew version of the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI). Fifty-five older adults (mean age 79.7 +/- 5.2) participated. We calculated test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Partial correlations determined the construct validity with a balance measure (Berg Balance Scale [BBS]) and a mobility measure (Timed Up and Go [TUG] test). We examined known-group validity by comparing the scores of cane and noncane users. Test-retest ICCs ranged from good to excellent (0.77-0.90) for the function component and fair to good for the disability component (0.63-0.83), except for the disability management role subscale (0.46). BBS and TUG were associated with LLFDI overall function (r = 0.48, p < 0.001 and r = -0.52, p < 0.001, respectively). TUG and BBS were weakly associated with disability limitations (r = -0.26 and 0.32, respectively) and disability frequency (r = -0.16 and 0.24, respectively). Cane users showed significantly lower function scores than noncane users. We demonstrated that the Hebrew version of the LLFDI reliably and validly assesses older adults' function and disability. The LLFDI is recommended as an outcome instrument in studies in which older adults' function and disability are outcomes of interest.     

The development and testing of an instrument to measure self-efficacy in individuals with epilepsy.

The purpose of this study was to develop and test an instrument to measure self-efficacy in persons with epilepsy. With Bandura's self-efficacy theory serving as the conceptual basis for instrument development, the study was divided into two phases, an instrument development phase and a reliability and validity assessment phase. In phase one, self-efficacy and epilepsy literature along with discussions with epilepsy patients served as sources for item derivation. A panel of experts reviewed the instrument for content validity. In phase two, testing of the instrument for reliability and validity was done using different groups of epilepsy patients. Reliability coefficients ranged from .81 for test-retest reliability to .93 for internal consistency. A strong positive correlation between self-efficacy and social support (r = .48, p less than .001) and between self-efficacy and self-management (r = .50, p less than .001) provided evidence to support the construct validity of the instrument.