锦州市区育龄妇女风疹免疫状况的研究

在1992年4月～8月间,作者用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测了锦州市区534名育龄妇女血清风疹病毒 IgG 抗体,阴性率为13,48%。本次调查均未发现明显的风疹病史和体征。因此认为,该地区育龄妇女中风疹易感者较多,遭受风疹病毒侵袭的可能性是不可忽视的。为预防胎儿先天性风疹综合征的发生,必须对育龄妇女采取相应的预防措施。     

海军某部官兵风疹抗体及风疹疫苗免疫效果血清学观察及评析

目的 :了解海军某部官兵风疹抗体阳性率及接种风疹疫苗的效果 ,寻求最有效的风疹预防措施。方法 :采用酶联免疫吸附实验对海军某部 15～ 4 5岁健康人群 1172人进行风疹IgG抗体调查 ,为无风疹免疫史的 16 8名新兵接种风疹疫苗 ,并对调查结果和接种效果进行临床分析。结果 :驻扎市郊的单位风疹抗体阳性率略高于驻扎市区的单位 ,高年龄组高于低年龄组。其中接种前风疹抗体IgG阴性的 ,接种后全部转为阳性 ,风疹疫苗接种成功率为 95 .83%。结论 :被动免疫和预防接种是控制高山海岛部队人员风疹病毒传播的有效措施之一     

赤峰市健康人群风疹病毒感染状况调查分析

目的为了解我市风疹病毒自然感染状况,为风疹减毒活疫苗预防接种提供依据。方法随机抽取1~25岁年龄组的人群采集血清标本,用血凝抑制试验检测风疹血凝抗体。结果本次共检测507人,血凝抗体阳性218人,阳性率43.0%,抗体GMT1.00∶8.85。结论本次调查表明,在小年龄组人群中存在大量风疹易感者,应在赤峰市儿童中推行风疹减毒活疫苗安全有效的预防性接种,有效预防风疹在人群中的爆发流行。     

吉安市特定人群冻干风疹减毒活疫苗接种反应及免疫效果观察

目的了解江西省吉安市幼儿和育龄期妇女的风疹抗体水平及免疫后效果。方法接种风疹疫苗和采用风疹血凝抑制试验检测风疹血凝抗体(HI)。结果儿童和育龄妇女的自然感染率分别为5.19%和75.13%,接种风疹疫苗后无不良反应,儿童组抗体全部转为阳性,育龄妇女仅1例为阴性,几何平均滴度增高,接种疫苗后显著提升抗体水平。结论吉安市存在着较大数量的易感人群,有可能发生大规模的风疹流行,其中24.77%育龄妇女存在感染风疹导致CRS的可能;国产风疹病毒减毒株(BRDⅡ株)疫苗免疫原性效果较好,安全性高,适用于老区等经济相对落后的地方大范围内推广使用。吉安市防治风疹的免疫策略具体是,首先对1～14岁人群进行普及免疫,同时对育龄期妇女进行选择性免疫,随后将风疹的免疫纳入计划免疫管理。     

婚检女青年风疹抗体监测414例分析

风疹是由风疹病毒 (RUV)感染人体引起的一种呼吸道传染病。由于症状轻而常被忽视。孕妇受 RUV感染 ,将会严重损害胎儿 ,可引起流产、死产、早产、或有多器官损害的先天性风疹综合征。特别是怀孕早期 (3个月内 )对胎儿有 5 0 %～ 90 %的致畸率。 196 4年美国风疹大流行后 ,发生畸形儿两万余名 ,已成为严重的社会问题。因此早期快速诊断 RUV感染 ,对优生优育极为重要。目前 ,我院对婚前检查的女青年进行风疹抗体的监测并对缺乏抗体的女青年 ,实施风疹免疫 ,关于婚前女青年风疹抗体监测并进行风疹疫苗接种 ,国内尚少报告。我们就 2 0 0 1年…     

妊娠妇女风疹病毒抗体IgG的检测和临床意义

目的为了探讨妊娠妇女风疹病毒抗体IgG的检测对先天性风疹综合征等症(CRS)预防与诊断的临床意义.方法采用间接酶联免疫吸附法对180例妊娠妇女检测其血清风疹病毒IgG抗体,并对结果进行统计分析.结果180例受检的孕妇血清,风疹病毒抗体IgG阳性率为82.78%,其中不同年龄组妊娠妇女风疹抗体阳性差异有显著的统计学意义(X2=7.7767,P=0.0205,P<0.05);城乡妊娠妇女风疹抗体阳性率差异无显著的统计学意义(X2=0.2253,P=0.6350,P>0.05).结论风疹病毒抗体IgG检测结果对先天性风疹综合征等症(CRS)预防与诊断有很大的临床应用价值,因此,应常规对妊娠妇女进行风疹病毒抗体IgG检测.     

风疹感染或免疫力的产前筛查

1970年以来 ,在英国女学生和易感妇女中应用风疹疫苗显著地降低了因先天性风疹综合征及与风疹感染有关而导致妊娠终止的例数1。1988年对 12～ 15个月的婴儿应用了麻疹、流行性腮腺炎以及风疹联合疫苗。有关先天性风疹综合征的报道已明显减少 ,仅有几例移民及新生儿感染的报道 ,这些新生儿的母亲早孕期在国外旅游时曾感染过风疹。孕妇的免疫状态是通过常规产前筛查风疹ＩｇＧ抗体来测定的 ,这样易感妇女能够在产后接受疫苗接种。本文报道了两例患有先天性风疹综合征的婴儿 ,两位母亲均是新近从国外迁入并且早孕期在原籍国家出现过皮疹 ,但在…     

健康人群风疹抗体水平监测及风疹疫苗免疫效果观察

目的 了解人群风疹免疫状况及国产风疹疫苗的免疫效果，为风疹疫苗的科学使用提供依据。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)，检测本区不同年龄健康人群的风疹特异性抗体IgG的水平，以及1周岁左右无风疹免疫史的儿童用国产风疹疫苗免疫前后的IgG水平。结果 一般人群风疹IgG抗体的阳性率为68．84％，孕妇风疹IgG抗体阴性率为23．17％，国产风疹疫苗免疫成功率为96．13％。结论 低龄儿童和青少年风疹免疫水平较低，是风疹疫苗接种的主要对象，国产风疹疫苗具有良好的免疫原性，可产生较好的免疫效果。     

国产冻干风疹减毒活疫苗免疫持久性研究

目的评价新研制成功的国产冻干风疹减毒活疫苗的免疫持久性,为制定风疹疫苗免疫策略提供依据.方法在桃江县城关镇三所小学选择5～9岁风疹血清HI抗体阴性的健康儿童,为其接种风疹疫苗,跟踪观察风疹疫苗免疫后抗体动态变化.结果免疫1个月后风疹HI抗体的阳转率为98.94%,抗体几何平均滴度倒数(GMT)为877.79.免后1、2、3、4、5年风疹HI抗体阳性率仍维持较高水平,分别为99.21%、100.00%、100.00%、100.00%、100.00%;而风疹HI抗体的GMT则逐年下降,分别为767.18、550.18、363.08、223.92、158.42;第8年风疹HI抗体阳性率和GMT均明显下降,分别为91.30%和30.96.结论国产冻干风疹减毒活疫苗具有良好的免疫原性,免疫效果至少可维持8年.     

新疆伊犁地区与石河子地区健康人群风疹抗体（RV-IgG）水平的比较与分析

目的了解同一省份不同居住地域和不同民族成分入群中风疹病毒免疫力状况和差异。方法采用定量ELISA方法测定风疹病毒抗体﹙RV-IgG﹚的阳性率。结果经检测，伊犁地区健康人群（汉族、维吾尔、哈萨克三个主体民族）自然免疫的风疹病毒抗体﹙RV-IgG﹚阳性率61.78%，较石河子地区同年龄组71.08%低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01），风疹易感人群38.22％较石河子地区同年龄组28.12%〔6〕高，且两地区的市区与县乡之间风疹抗体水平差异有统计学意义（P值均＜0.01）。经主动免疫可提高风疹病毒﹙RV-IgG﹚抗体水平，降低易感人群比例。结论健康人群中自然免疫﹙RV-IgG﹚抗体水平受民族成分、年龄、人群居住地域、生活方式、活动范围及流动性、风疹流行影响。建议在对健康人群进行风疹抗体水平监测的基础上，根据地域特点，制定风疹免疫策略，将育龄妇女风疹疫苗接种纳入免疫程序，以控制风疹发生与流行后的潜在危险。     

孕妇风疹病毒IgG、IgM检测及意义

目的：了解温州地区孕妇对风疹的免疫状态,探讨风疹病毒IgG、IgM检测对评估孕妇免疫状态及判断风疹宫内感染的作用。方法：用ELISA法对1471名产前检查孕妇检测风疹病毒特异性抗体IgG、IgM,电镜检查和分子生物学法检查组织中病毒颗粒和病毒核酸。结果：76.07%（1119／1471）的孕妇具有免疫力,7.41%（109／1471）有孕妇为原发感染,14.14%的孕妇为易感,2.38%（35／1471）的孕妇IgG、IgM均呈阳性,其中1例引产胎儿心肌细胞和1例死胎的心肌、肝及脑细胞中均发现病毒颗粒。结论：同时检测孕妇风疹IgG和IgM可以正确判断孕妇的免疫状态,对IgM阳性孕妇应进行连续多次检测,IgM持续呈阳性三个月以上的孕妇可大致确定为宫内感染。     

Seroepidemiologic study of rubella in selected Chinese female

To have a better understanding of rubella seroepidemiology among female population in Taiwan, we report a serologic survey of 4030 examinations for 2030 school girls and 2000 pregnant women, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of rubella specific IgG. RA 27/3 vaccines were given to susceptible volunteer students and postpartum women for the evaluation of vaccine efficiency and its side effects. The results showed that the rubella susceptible female among 8 to 22-year-old girl students was 44.97%, which was higher than expected, as most of them experienced the outbreak of rubella in 1977. The susceptibility rate among the pregnant women was 19.35%, which was also higher than expected for an age group having been through two outbreaks in the past. All the vaccinees showed good tolerance to the vaccine and the seroconversion rate was 100%. With such high susceptibility rate among women of child bearing age and girl students, plus the endemic property of rubella infection in Taiwan, we can expect a high risk of congenital rubella syndrome. Mass vaccination against rubella should be brought into effect immediately.     

Guide to the management of rubella problems.

Despite the availability of rubella vaccine the incidence of the congenital rubella syndrome has been increasing in certain regions of Canada. Perhaps this is not surprising in view of the known irregular cyclic activity of rubella virus in a community and the fact that the percentage of seropositive women of childbearing age has not changed appreciable since the vaccine was introduced. Clearly vaccine is not being administered to sufficient numbers of women at risk. Until a much higher percentage of women of childbearing age possess rubella antibody, the costly problem of congenital rubella syndrome is likely to be with us. Common rubella problems relate to four categories: the exposed pregnant woman, laboratory diagnosis, the infant with suspected congenital rubella and the vaccine. One of the most common questions about the vaccine is the following: Can recently vaccinated individuals disseminate vaccine and infect seronegative contact? The answer is No.     

广州市海珠区2008~2013年风疹流行病学特征分析

目的分析广州市海珠区2008~2013年风疹的流行病学特征,为制定预防控制风疹的策略提供参考。方法通过对中国疾病监测信息报管理告系统收集风疹发病资料,应用描述流行病学方法分析。结果广州市海珠区2008~2013年共报告风疹病例355例,无死亡病例,年均发病率为3.70/10万,不同年份之间报告的发病率有统计学差异(χ2=606.157,P0.05),各街道均有病例报告,发病有明显的季节性,发病高峰在3~7月份,占全年的70.99%;男女性别比为0.92:1,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.118,P0.05);发病人群以15~40岁人群为主,占总人数的77.75%,育龄期妇女占女性发病人数的81.08%。发病主要集中在学生。患者中无风疹成份疫苗免疫史或免疫史不详者占85.63%。结论海珠区风疹发病率仍较高,应加强监测及提高重点人群疫苗的接种覆盖率以预防控制风疹的爆发,减少先天性风疹综合症(CRS)的发生。     

Can we prevent an increase in the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome in the next decade?

The immunity to rubella of 115 girls aged 10 to 14 years was tested in 1978. The proportion of girls found to be immune was 80%, similar to rates in the prevaccination era. Nearly half of the immunity was from documented vaccination, and the other half was presumably from infection with wild rubella virus. The vaccination failure rate was 12%. Because of declining immunity to rubella of women of child-bearing age, detecting low levels of immunity in these women is becoming increasingly important. Immunization of 12- to 15-month-old children has not been effective. Vaccinating all girls 10 to 12 years old would likely be the most effective method of preventing an increase in the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome in the next decade.     

河源地区8963例孕妇TORCH感染状况分析

目的 探讨怀孕妇女优生四项（TORCH）的感染状况,为河源地区的孕早期保健措施和优生优育提供科学依据.方法 经告知并征得同意,回顾性分析从2010年1月-2013年6月来该院进行孕期检查的妇女8 963例,行优生四项（TORCH）特异性抗体IgM的检测,依椐检测结果,按受检孕妇的年龄段和弓形虫、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒及单纯疱疹病毒分别统计阳性例数,并运用SPSS软件进行统计学分析.结果 受检孕妇中,TORCH-IgM总阳性率为7.64％,其中弓形虫、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒及单纯疱疹病毒感染的阳性率分别为2.30％、0.97％、3.31％、1.06％.结论 对孕前和孕早期妇女行TORCH-IgM检测,可作为近期感染的诊断依据,为本地区的孕前和孕早期保健措施和优生优育提供科学依据.     

Congenital rubella syndrome with positive serology and virus isolation

An effective live attenuated rubella vaccine was available since 1969 and congenital rubella syndrome can be prevented with appropriate vaccination. We report a baby with congenital rubella syndrome born in Klang valley to indicate that the Universal Rubella Vaccination Programme adopted by the Ministry of Health Malaysia since 2002 has yet to achieve its effect of eliminating transmission of rubella and preventing congenital rubella infection in the community. To our knowledge, the virus isolate represents the first successful isolation of rubella virus in this country and will serve as the reference strain for future comparison in molecular epidemiological tracking of rubella virus activity this country.     

Susceptibility to rubella among pregnant women and the serological evidence of congenital rubella in newborn babies at Colombo South Teaching Hospital

OBJECTIVE: To determine the susceptibility to rubella infection in early pregnancy and the incidence of seropositivity of cord blood for rubella specific IgM among the newborn babies at Colombo South Teaching Hospital. METHODS: 1000 cord blood samples and 500 maternal blood samples from pregnant women before the 16th week of gestation were taken from the labour room and the antenatal clinic of the University Unit, Colombo South Teaching Hospital during the period of February 1999 to February 2001. These samples were tested for rubella specific IgM and IgG antibodies by ELISA. A detailed questionnaire was filled during the time of sampling. RESULTS: Of the 500 antenatal blood samples 82% were positive for rubella specific IgG. 373(75%) women gave a history of vaccination against rubella before their present pregnancy. Among the vaccinated 2(0.5%) were negative for IgG antibodies by ELISA. Out of 127 unvaccinated women 12(9%) gave a history of past infection with rubella and of this 3(25%) were seronegative for rubella specific IgG. 18% of pregnant women at 16 weeks of gestation were at risk of giving birth to a baby with congenital rubella syndrome. Among the tested 1000 cord blood samples three were seropositive (0.3%) for rubella specific IgM. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of pregnant women were susceptible to rubella infection in the studied population. The present strategy of selective rubella vaccination should be reconsidered if we are to get closer to eliminating rubella syndrome in Sri Lanka.     

不孕症42例的TORCH,CBV联合检测

目的：探讨ＴＯＲＣＨ（弓形体、风疹病毒和巨细胞病毒的合称）、ＣＢＶ（柯萨奇Ｂ组病毒）感染与不孕症之间的关系。方法：采用抗体捕获酶联免疫和间接酶联免疫法技术,检测４２例不孕症患者血清中ＴＯＲＣＨ、ＣＢＶ特异性抗体ＩｇＭ、ｌｇＧ,并与９２例早孕妇女、２６例健康经产妇、２８例晚孕妇女相对照。结果：（１）不孕症患者ＴＯＲＣＨ总感染率（２３８％）与孕妇组总感染率（５４％）,经统计学处理,差别非常显著（Ｐ＜００２）。其中,风疹病毒感染率不孕症组（９５％）与孕妇组感染率（１０８％）比较,存在显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）;不孕症组弓形体和巨细胞病毒感染率分别为９５％、４７６％,与孕妇组（３６％、１０８％）比较,差别无显著性（Ｐ＞００５）。（２）不孕症组ＣＢＶ－ＩｇＭ感染率（６４３％）与健康经产妇感染率（１５％）,经统计学处理,差别非常显著（Ｐ＜０００１）;与孕妇组（３７５％）比较,差别有显著性（Ｐ＜００５）。（３）不孕症组存在两种病原体混合感染情况。结论：提示ＴＯＲＣＨ、ＣＢＶ感染是不孕症的重要病因之一。