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成都地区肺炎链球菌对抗菌药物的耐药性调查 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
目的 了解成都地区临床分离的肺炎链球菌的耐药性,为肺炎链球菌感染临床合理应用抗菌药物提供理论依据。方法 二倍琼脂稀释法测定11种抗菌药物对肺炎链球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果 91.94%菌株对青霉素敏感,8.06%中度耐药;88.71%菌株对SMZ/TMP敏感,11.29%中度耐药;肺炎链球菌对头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟、头孢毗肟、氧氟沙星、司帕沙星、美洛培南、万古霉素敏感率为100%;对红霉素、克林霉素耐药率相当高,分别达到62.90%和74.19%。结论 成都地区肺炎链球菌对青霉素耐药率较低,而对大环内酯类和克林霉素类耐药率较高。 相似文献
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目的:了解儿童肺炎链球菌(SPN)对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,为抗菌药物合理使用提供参考。方法:对2013年10月至2015年5月我院儿科病房分离的74株肺炎链球菌进行抗菌药物敏感性试验,按照2012年CLSI标准进行判读。结果:SPN对常用抗菌药物如红霉素、青霉素、阿莫西林、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟的耐药率分别为95.5%、62.1%、35.3%、24.2%和21.2%;对青霉素耐药的SPN对阿莫西林、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟的耐药率均明显增加,约为对青霉素敏感SPN的5~8倍;并且SPN对美罗培南的耐药率为26.8%;但尚未检测出对厄他培南、万古霉素、利奈唑胺及左氧氟沙星的耐药菌株。结论:儿童SPN对常用抗菌药物呈现不同程度的耐药,临床应根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物,减少耐药菌株的产生。 相似文献
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目的 探讨常用抗菌药物对临床分离的肺炎链球菌的体外抗菌活性.方法 用全自动微生物分析系统VITEK-2Compact对临床分离的154株肺炎链球菌进行鉴定和药敏试验.结果 药敏试验测得154株肺炎链球菌有85株(54.5%)对青霉素不敏感,其中72株(46.8%)对青霉素高度耐药,13株(8.4%)对青霉素中度耐药;测得氯霉素、美诺培南、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、阿莫西林、复方新诺明、四环素、红霉素的耐药率分别为3.4%、16.2%、19.5%、20.8%、25.3%、68.8%、84.4%、90.9%;所有菌株对左旋氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、利奈唑胺、万古霉素敏感;135株对3种或3种以上抗生素耐药,多重耐药率为87.7%.结论 肺炎链球菌对左旋氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、利奈唑胺、万古霉素100%敏感,抗菌活性高;对氯霉素、美诺培南、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、阿莫西林耐药率也较低,对青霉素、复方新诺明、四环素、红霉素的耐药率高,尤其是青霉素不敏感株和多重耐药菌株多见,应引起临床重视. 相似文献
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目的调查2012年8月—2014年6月聊城市传染病医院临床送检的痰标本中分离的60株肺炎链球菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,为临床用药提供依据。方法对60株肺炎链球菌进行药敏试验,分析其对常见抗菌药物的耐药性。结果 60株肺炎链球菌对红霉素和四环素的耐药率最高,分别为98.25%和92.68%,其次为复方新诺明和青霉素,为66%和61.11%,而对喹诺酮类、氯霉素、碳青霉烯类和头孢类药物均保持较高的敏感率,60株肺炎链球菌对万古霉素、泰利霉素和利奈唑胺的敏感率均为100%。结论我院临床分离的肺炎链球菌耐药严重,对红霉素、四环素、复方新诺明和青霉素高度耐药,临床应尽量减少此类药物的经验性用药,依据药敏结果选择敏感率较高的喹诺酮类、氯霉素、碳青霉烯类、头孢类、万古霉素、泰利霉素和利奈唑胺进行治疗。 相似文献
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采用K-B法对分离自侵入性感染患者的95株肺炎链球菌进行抗菌药物敏感性试验,敏感率为:青霉素67.4%,氯霉素95.8%,红霉素56.8%,SMZ/TMP35.8%,四环素65.3%,万古霉素100%。31株耐青霉素菌株中,29株抗2种以上抗菌药物。 相似文献
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目的调查大庆某医院临床分离的202株肺炎链球菌的临床分布特征及耐药状况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法对2014年1月—2018年12月期间大庆某医院分离的202株肺炎链球菌进行回顾性分析。结果202株肺炎链球菌主要分离自呼吸道标本(痰61.4%、咽拭子20.3%)及血液标本(14.9%);感染者以儿童及中老年人为主(87.6%),患者主要来源于ICU(16.8%)、呼吸内科(15.3%)、耳鼻喉科(12.4%)及儿科(11.9%)。肺炎链球菌对红霉素(99.3%)、四环素(91.3%)、复方磺胺甲噁唑(74.0%)耐药性较严重,青霉素的耐药率为37.1%,对三代头孢菌素(头孢曲松、头孢噻肟)、氯霉素、氟喹诺酮类及厄他培南较敏感,万古霉素和利奈唑胺全部敏感。结论肺炎链球菌以呼吸系统感染为主,感染人群以儿童及中老年人多见。肺炎链球菌对四环素、红霉素及复方磺胺甲噁唑耐药严重,临床应根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物治疗。 相似文献
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目的:了解赣州市人民医院临床分离的肺炎链球菌分布及其耐药情况。方法回顾性分析2013年1月-12月临床分离的81株肺炎链球菌病区分布,并用VITEK2-compact上GP卡鉴定和GP68卡检测药敏。结果81株肺炎链球菌来自痰标本61株,血7株,脑脊液2株,鼻咽拭子4株,分泌物7株。81株肺炎链球菌对13种抗生素耐药性:青霉素48.2%;头孢曲松22.6%;头孢噻肟30.4%;亚安培南11.3%;左克1.8%;莫西沙星0;氧氟沙星3.8%;复方新诺明66.1%;红霉素92.2%;利奈唑胺0;万古霉素0;氯霉素5.6%;四环素78.2%。结论本地区肺炎链球菌耐药情况已很严峻,提示在临床合理使用抗生素的基础上监测肺炎链球菌的耐药情况十分必要;对耐青霉素的链球菌可根据耐药结果选用合理抗生素。 相似文献
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694例抗菌药物不良反应分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
目的:分析抗菌药物不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)发生情况与规律,促进临床合理用药。方法:采用Excel2003软件,对2008年1月-至2009年12月上报的694例抗菌药物不良反应报告进行回顾性分析。结果:694例抗菌药物不良反应涉及9大类,共32种药品,其中依诺沙星和阿奇霉素的不良反应报告例数最多,分别为141例(20.32%)和94例(13.54%)。结论:临床应重视抗菌药物的合理使用,加强用药监测,以预防和减少ADR的发生。 相似文献
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目的比较大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌门诊与住院患者分离菌株耐药性的差异及临床意义。方法用MicroScan Walk-AWay-40全自动微生物分析仪鉴定细菌,用微量液体稀释法测定18种抗菌药物的耐药性,用NCCLS2004推荐的确证试验检测ES-BLs。结果住院患者分离大肠埃希菌对头孢唑啉、头孢噻吩、头孢呋肟、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、庆大霉素、头孢他啶、妥布霉素、头孢西丁、阿米卡星等抗菌药物耐药率显著高于门诊患者(P〈0.05);住院患者分离肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林/舒巴坦、哌拉西林、头孢唑啉、头孢噻吩、头孢呋肟、环丙沙星、复方新诺明、庆大霉素、头孢他啶、妥布霉素、氨曲南、头孢西丁、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦等抗菌药物的耐药率显著高于门诊患者(P〈0.05);两种细菌住院患者分离菌株ESBLs菌株检出率均显著高于门诊患者(P〈0.05)。结论社区感染菌株的药物敏感性较高,可用抗菌药物的范围较广,对门诊患者的治疗要选用不同与住院患者的抗菌治疗方案,尽量使用青霉素类或第一代、第二代头孢菌素,减少第三代头孢菌素和亚胺培南的使用。 相似文献
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Evan J. Begg Murray L. Barclay & Carl M. J. Kirkpatrick 《British journal of clinical pharmacology》2001,52(S1):35-43
Aims To review the basis and optimal use of therapeutic drug monitoring of antimicrobial agents.
Methods Antimicrobial agents for which a reasonable case exists for therapeutic drug monitoring are reviewed under the following headings: pharmacokinetics, why monitor, therapeutic range, individualization of therapy, sampling times, methods of analysis, interpretative problems and cost-effectiveness of monitoring.
Results There is a strong historical case for monitoring aminoglycosides. The recent move to once-daily dosing means that criteria for therapeutic drug monitoring need to be redefined. Vancomycin has been monitored routinely but many questions remain about the most appropriate approach to this. A case can be made for monitoring teicoplanin, flucytosine and itraconazole in certain circumstances.
Conclusions The approach to monitoring aminoglycosides is being redefined in the light of once daily dosing. It may be that less stringent monitoring is required in some circumstances but toxicity, especially ototoxicity, remains a problem with these drugs. Monitoring to avoid high AUCs (areas under the concentration-time curve) is recommended. The ideal method for monitoring vancomycin remains to be defined although a reasonable case exists for measuring trough concentrations, mainly to ensure efficacy. Teicoplanin is sometimes monitored to ensure efficacy while flucytosine may be monitored to avoid high concentrations associated with toxicity. Itraconazole has various pharmacokinetic problems and monitoring has been suggested to ensure that adequate concentrations are achieved. 相似文献
Methods Antimicrobial agents for which a reasonable case exists for therapeutic drug monitoring are reviewed under the following headings: pharmacokinetics, why monitor, therapeutic range, individualization of therapy, sampling times, methods of analysis, interpretative problems and cost-effectiveness of monitoring.
Results There is a strong historical case for monitoring aminoglycosides. The recent move to once-daily dosing means that criteria for therapeutic drug monitoring need to be redefined. Vancomycin has been monitored routinely but many questions remain about the most appropriate approach to this. A case can be made for monitoring teicoplanin, flucytosine and itraconazole in certain circumstances.
Conclusions The approach to monitoring aminoglycosides is being redefined in the light of once daily dosing. It may be that less stringent monitoring is required in some circumstances but toxicity, especially ototoxicity, remains a problem with these drugs. Monitoring to avoid high AUCs (areas under the concentration-time curve) is recommended. The ideal method for monitoring vancomycin remains to be defined although a reasonable case exists for measuring trough concentrations, mainly to ensure efficacy. Teicoplanin is sometimes monitored to ensure efficacy while flucytosine may be monitored to avoid high concentrations associated with toxicity. Itraconazole has various pharmacokinetic problems and monitoring has been suggested to ensure that adequate concentrations are achieved. 相似文献
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AIMS: To review the basis and optimal use of therapeutic drug monitoring of antimicrobial agents. METHODS: Antimicrobial agents for which a reasonable case exists for therapeutic drug monitoring were reviewed under the following headings: pharmacokinetics, why monitor, therapeutic range, individualisation of therapy, sampling times, methods of analysis, interpretative problems and cost-effectiveness of monitoring. RESULTS: There is a strong historical case for monitoring aminoglycosides. The recent move to once-daily dosing means that criteria for therapeutic drug monitoring need to be redefined. Vancomycin has been monitored routinely but many questions remain about the most appropriate approach to this. A case can be made for monitoring teicoplanin, flucytosine and itraconazole in certain circumstances. CONCLUSIONS: The approach to monitoring aminoglycosides needs to be redefined in the light of once-daily dosing. It is premature to suggest that less stringent monitoring is necessary as toxicity remains a problem with these drugs. The ideal method of monitoring vancomycin remains to be defined although a reasonable case exists for measuring trough concentrations, mainly to ensure efficacy. Teicoplanin is monitored occasionally to ensure efficacy while flucytosine is monitored occasionally to avoid high concentrations associated with toxicity. Itraconazole has various pharmacokinetic problems and monitoring has been suggested to ensure that adequate concentrations are achieved. 相似文献
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目的通过对2011年住院患者抗菌药物使用及耐药情况的分析,以期提高对抗菌药物的合理使用水平。方法统计2011年住院患者抗菌药物使用的相关数据,使用限定日剂量值(DDD值)分析方法,并结合抗菌药物耐药情况进行分析。结果我院的微生物样本送检率较低,抗菌药物选用未严格按照药敏结果。革兰氏阳性菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、呋喃妥因、复方新诺明的耐药性均小于30%,其他均高于65%。亚胺培南、美罗培南对铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率分别为37.8%和43.5%。两个碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药率分别为66.7%和72.3%,高于平均水平。结论我院须加强抗菌药物使用的管理,进一步提高抗菌药物分级管理水平,减缓细菌耐药性的发生。 相似文献
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目的 探讨2017-2018年北京大兴区人民医院产科B族链球菌的分布及耐药性。方法 选取2017年1月-2018年12月产科就诊的围产期孕妇396例,对产科B族链球菌的分布及耐药性进行分析。结果 396例围产期孕妇中B族链球菌携带者105例,带菌率为26.5%。2017、2018年围产期孕妇中B族链球菌的带菌率分别为24.7%、28.0%。<30岁、≥ 30岁孕妇中B族链球菌的带菌率分别为20.8%、40.7%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。105例B族链球菌携带者中21例(20.0%)具有定植临床表现,291例B族链球菌阴性孕妇中19例(6.5%)具有定植临床表现,二者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B族链球菌对头孢西丁、头孢哌酮舒巴坦、青霉素G、万古霉素、美罗培南、头孢呋辛、哌拉西林舒巴坦的敏感率为100.0%,对头孢他啶的敏感率较高,为92.4%,对克林霉素、左旋氧氟沙星、红霉素的耐药率较高,分别为9.5%、12.4%、29.5%。B族链球菌阳性孕妇胎膜早破、宫内感染、早产儿、胎儿窘迫、新生儿感染的发生率显著高于B族链球菌阴性孕妇(P<0.05)。结论 2017-2018年北京市大兴区人民医院围产期孕妇中B族链球菌带菌率处于较高水平,且高龄孕妇更容易感染,B族链球菌有一定的耐药性,应定期分析病原菌的耐药性,指导医生合理使用抗菌药物。 相似文献
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This review outlines a literature-based approach with illustrative examples of drug repurposing (one molecule, multiple targets), which will be useful in tackling the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, the demands for new drugs have increased due to multidrug-resistant pathogens and emerging viruses. Keeping these facts in view, drug repurposing started for utilization of a drug in a different way from a preexisting drug, which reduces the time and cost of development of a new drug. Repurposing increases the potency of a drug and reduces its toxicity level, as it is required in lower amounts, supporting the utilization of the drug as a new therapeutic option. This will be further explored to highlight the application in AMR. 相似文献
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目的:分析儿童肺炎链球菌(SP)对常用抗生素的耐药情况。方法采用法国梅里埃公司的VITEK 2 Compact全自动细菌鉴定仪对本院2013年儿童感染SP分离情况及抗菌药物敏感性进行回顾性的分析。结果痰液、咽拭子为SP主要标本来源,分别占96.4%和2.9%;在280株SP中对常用抗菌药物的耐药率有普遍上升趋势,其中对红霉素、四环素、复方新诺明的耐药率较高(〉80%),对青霉素类和三代头孢类的耐药率较低(〈40%),对氯霉素、泰利霉素和美罗培南的耐药率更低(〈10%),对利奈唑胺、万古霉素、厄它培南和氟喹诺酮类均无耐药性。结论加强对SP的耐药性检测,以指导临床医生制定合理有效的治疗及用药方案。 相似文献
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目的探讨泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药性,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法对2013年1月~2014年12月送检的尿标本进行病原菌培养、分离及鉴定,用纸片扩散法、E-test法或全自动细菌分析仪测定细菌对不同抗菌药物的敏感性,采用2013年版CLSI标准判读结果。结果共分离出4 027株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌占66.4%,革兰阳性菌占25.7%,真菌占7.9%。检出率最高的前4位病原菌依次为大肠埃希菌、屎肠球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和粪肠球菌。大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南最为敏感,对青霉素类耐药性最强。肠球菌属的整体耐药性十分严重,屎肠球菌比粪肠球菌的耐药率高,二者对万古霉素和利奈唑胺较为敏感。结论泌尿系感染病原菌对抗菌药物已产生了一定的耐药性,定期监测尿路感染病原菌的分布及耐药性,对指导临床合理用药具有重要意义。 相似文献