Analysis of factors associated with successful allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell collection in healthy donors

BackgroundThe collection of a sufficient number of stem cells is important for success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with successful allogeneic peripheral stem cell (PBSC) collection in healthy donors.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical data of allogeneic PBSC collection in 175 donors from 2007 to 2017 at the National Cancer Center, Korea. This study analyzed factors associated with the CD34+ cell yield such as the characteristics of donors, including age, laboratory results before apheresis, and data of procedures on the first day. The CD34+ cell dose of ≥ 4.0 × 10⁶/kg have recently been the accepted minimum recommended dose in allogeneic HSCT settings, and this was the target dose in our study.ResultsThe factors associated with the CD34+ cell yield were age (p = 0.007), baseline platelet (PLT) (p = 0.014), and pre-collection hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) (p = 0.001) by multivariate analysis. This study represented that age, baseline platelet count, and pre-collection HPC count are important predictive factors as shown in other previous studies.ConclusionOur data suggest that young age, high baseline platelet counts and high HPC counts before collection might be useful for identifying successful mobilizers.     

Transfusion policy in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

The incompatibility of ABO blood group between the recipient and the donor is not a barrier to perform allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT). However, ABO incompatibility may lead to many complications during and after stem cell transplantation at the early or late period. Therefore, the typing of the blood group of the recipient and the donor should be done prior to the transplantation. In addition, the ABO/Rh group of blood products for transfusion should be determined according to the type of ABO-incompatibility. In this review, the subtypes of ABO blood group-incompatibility and transfusion policies will be discussed in detail.     

Peripheral blood stem cell collection for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Practical implications after 200 consequent transplants

Background

Proper stem cell mobilization is one of the most important steps in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim of this paper is to share our 6 years’ experience and provide practical clinical approaches particularly for stem cell mobilization and collection within the series of more than 200 successive allogeneic HSCT at our transplant center.

Peripheral blood stem cell grafts in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: It is not all about the CD34+ cell dose

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation is a curative approach in various malignant and non-malignant disorders. The majority of adult transplants in the current era are performed using mobilized stem cells, harvested from the peripheral blood by leukapheresis. Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collections are designed to target a dose of stem cells that will result in safe engraftment and hematopoietic recovery; however, 99 % of the cells contained in a PBSC graft are not stem cells and a growing number of studies attempt to characterize the associations between graft composition and transplant outcomes. A better understanding of the impact of the quantity and quality of various cell types in PBSC grafts may lead to development of novel collection strategies or improved donor selection algorithms. Here we review relevant findings from recent studies in this area.     

Collection of hematopoietic stem cells and immune effector cells in small children

Apheresis procedures are standard of care for a wide range of indications in children, collection of hematopoietic stem cells being the most frequent one. With increasing numbers of hematopoietic stem cell transplants, advances in graft manipulation techniques and the development of innovative therapies using immune effector cells and gene therapy, apheresis within the pediatric population is growing in demand. While young children have higher circulating white blood cell counts and robustly mobilize hematopoietic stem cells, apheresis machines were designed for use within the adult population and apheresis procedures in children, particularly small children, can be more challenging as vascular access, collection techniques and impact of extracorporeal volumes increase the rate of adverse events. In this article we review topics of particular relevance to hematopoietic stem cell and immune effector cell collections in small children.     

Factors associated with peripheral blood stem cell yield in healthy pediatric donors

Background and Objectives

Although several studies have reported on the use of children as donors for peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC), data on the predictive factors of CD34+ stem cell yield in healthy pediatric donors are very limited.

Identification of megakaryocyte precursors in peripheral blood stem cell collections from normal donors

Platelet engraftment, the time course and magnitude of platelet recovery (PR) post-transplant, is imprecisely defined but is most often reported as the time to transfusion (tx) independence and/or a platelet count ⩾20,000/μl. While correlations between engraftment time for granulocytes (PMN) and the dose of CD34-positive cells per kilogram are established, such associations have not been established for platelet engraftment. The objective of this study was to quantify subpopulations of CD34-positive cells in peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collections of normal, colony-stimulating factor-granulocyte) (G-CSF) primed donors that might represent megakaryocyte (MK) precursors, and to determine whether there is a statistical association between the dose transfused and the time course of the recovery. Based on previously published data of the sequential expression of CD34, HLA-DR, and CD61, among others, during MK maturation, a combination of corresponding antibodies for the detection of various antigen coexpressions by flow cytometry fluorescence-activated cell sorting [FACS] was chosen. CD34-positive cells were further subdivided into CD34++ (bright) and + (dim). Ploidy of density-gradient separated cells was examined in subsequent donor samples by FACS. For the entire group of patients, there was no strong correlation between any of the studied subpopulations and time to PR. Only in a selected groups of patients whose platelet counts showed a sustained increase during the first 6 days after engraftment, there was a weak correlation between the time to PR and the quantity of CD34+/+CD61+ (r = −0.57) and CD34++HLA-DR-CD61+ (r = −0.62) cells infused. The magnitude of platelet production in these pt., a product of the peripheral blood platelet count and the patient's blood volume, was correlated with the time to PR (r = −0.73). We conclude from this study that subpopulations within CD34+ cells are making some contribution to PR in allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, but the correlations are not sufficiently strong because there are probably too many unpredictable and unknown variables in the allogeneic setting that influence the pattern of engraftment. J. Clin. Apheresis 13:7–15, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植治疗急性白血病疗效观察

目的观察单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植（Haplo—SCT）治疗急性白血病的疗效。方法对我科2006年6月至2007年12月5例急性白血病患者进行单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植,预处理方案：改良马利兰与环磷酰胺（BU／CY）方案。移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）预防：环孢素A、短程甲氨喋呤、霉酚酸酯和抗-CD25抗体。结果5例患者全部获得造血重建。1例因合并Ⅲ度肠道急性移植物抗宿主病死亡,其余4例随访20～30月,目前均无病存活。结论单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植造血重建稳定,严重并发症少,可作为造血干细胞来源。     

Factors affecting hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and apheresis in allogeneic donors: The role of iron status

Infused CD34 cell count has a significant impact on transplant outcome. In this retrospective study, we aimed to analyze the impact of donor iron parameters on peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection. A total of 303 related donors were included in the study. The mobilization regimen, recombinant G-CSF, was given for four consecutive days. A CD34⁺ cell count below 2 × 10⁶/kg was defined as mobilization failure which was demonstrated in 23 donors (7.6%). Mobilization failure was more frequent in female donors than male donors (13.7% vs 3.4%). Body mass index, mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin and ferritin levels were found to be lower in donors with mobilization failure. Body mass index was significantly correlated with PBSC count on the 4th day of G-CSF. Body mass index, male gender, mean corpuscular volume and ferritin levels had significant impact on PBSC count. Although PBSC count was found to be similar between female and male donors, female gender was shown to have an adverse impact on PBSC collection, which may be attributed to lower body weight and concurrent iron deficiency.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性淋巴瘤临床疗效

目的：评估淋巴瘤病人的异基因造血干细胞移植的疗效。方法：对14例淋巴瘤病人进行了异基因造血干细胞移植，5例为非清髓型移植，其预处理方案为氟达拉宾，抗胸腺细胞球蛋白及马法兰，9例清髓型移植病人选择了全身照射 环磷酰胺、全身照射 环磷酰胺 抗胸腺细胞球蛋白、罗氮芥、阿糖胞苷、环磷酰胺、足叶乙甙、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白和马利兰、马法兰 美罗华。移植物抗宿主病预防：非清髓型为环胞霉素 麦考酚酸脂；清髓型为环胞霉素 MTX。结果：5例非清髓型移植病人中，4例植活，1例失败；9例清髓型移植病人中，4例病人早期死亡。在随访的10例病人中，3例复发。结论：对于化疗失败，反复复发淋巴瘤患者，有适合HLA配型者应尽早行异基因造血干细胞移植。     

Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common monogenic disorders worldwide and affects approximately 100,000 people in the United States alone. SCD can cause numerous complications, including anemia, pain, stroke, and organ failure, which can lead to death. Although there are a few disease-modifying treatments available to patients with SCD, the only current curative option is a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). In this review, we will discuss the different approaches to allogeneic HSCT in the treatment of SCD and the outcomes of these approaches.     

Reflections on methodical approaches to hematopoietic stem cell collection in children

Pediatric peripheral blood stem cell collection (PBSC) is challenging because it has potentially more side effects than in adults due to the small body mass and unique physiology of children. The extracorporeal volume of the cell separator device, poor venous access and metabolic complications due to citrate toxicity are the main problems to face during PBSC collection. These aspects are more relevant in very low body weight (BW) children of 20?kg or lower. An efficient, experienced and well-prepared team of pediatricians, apheresis physicians and nurses, and physicians involved in CVC positioning is crucial to performing a safe PBSC collection. Despite the growing demand for PBSC collection in the pediatric setting, there is not an actual unique standardized detailed practice approach to be employed, therefore, on reflection, we believe that it is timely to draw up useful evidence-based recommendations on which guidelines can be developed for use by those groups with limited or no experience.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后伴噬血现象分析

目的分析异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后伴噬血现象的特征。方法选取上海市第一人民医院行allo-HSCT后出现噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症(HLH)的患者2例,讨论其可能的病因。结果患者一入院诊断为免疫缺陷病,行allo-HSCT 13 d后粒系植入,血红蛋白、血小板始终偏低,凝血功能差,消化道出血,巨细胞病毒性肠炎,肺部感染,骨髓细胞形态学检查可见噬血现象。患者二入院诊断为急性单核细胞性白血病,行allo-HSCT 14 d后粒系植入,行allo-HSCT 42 d后三系降低,发热,铁蛋白高,骨髓细胞形态学检查可见噬血现象,嵌合率进行性降低。结论allo-HSCT后伴噬血现象非常罕见,且进展迅速,预后不良,噬血现象常因感染所致。当行allo-HSCT后骨髓出现噬血现象时,应积极排查感染,检测原发病是否复发,同时应检测患者及其父母相关基因,尽早治疗,争取取得更好的预后。     

ABO血型不合的异基因造血干细胞采集及移植效果研究

本研究评价COBE Spectra血细胞分离机按干细胞采集程序采集HLA配型相合、ABO血型不合供者外周血造血干细胞的效能,观察未去除红细胞和(或)血浆进行异基因外周血干细胞移植的效果。应用COBE Spectra血细胞分离机的自动干细胞采集程序采集28例异基因供者外周血干细胞,并选用同期ABO血型相合15例作对照。检测采集物有核细胞(NC)数、单个核细胞(MNC)比例及CD34+细胞计数,观察造血功能重建情况和转变为供者血型所需要的时间。结果表明,ABO血型不合和相合组采集物中的NC、CD34+细胞数、MNC比例无统计学差异(p>0.05)。ABO血型不合组和相合组中性粒细胞和血小板恢复的时间无统计学差异(p>0.05)。14例ABO血型主要不合患者,红系造血明显延迟,ABO血型不合组28名患者于移植后35-193天血型成功转变为供者型,和ABO血型相合组相比均有统计学差异(p<0.01)。结论:ABO血型不合不是异基因造血干细胞移植的障碍,主要不合可能是红系造血明显延迟的主要原因。     

The experience of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a progressive neurometabolic disorder that is caused by a defect in the gene ABCD1 (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily D, member 1), which encodes the peroxisomal ABC half-transporter ALD protein. Recently, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is the only therapy known to prevent disease progression. In this study, we would like to present our experience of alloHSCT for X-ALD from a HLA matched related sibling by the use of reduced intensity conditioning regimen composed of fludarabine, busulfan and ATG which allows us to reduce procedure-related toxicity and prevent mortality while achieving a curative effect.     

供,受者感染乙型肝炎病毒对造血干细胞移植的影响

目的 分析血液病患移植前供、受感染乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）对造血干细胞移植（ＨＳＣＴ０临床结果的影响。方法 对我院１９８６年１０月￣１９９８年１２月间进行ＨＳＣＴ前供、受感染ＨＢＶ的２６例患临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 ①移植后３例患发生ＶＯＤ,发生率（１１．５％）明显高于供、受无ＨＢＶ感染的患（１．４％）（Ｐ〈０．０５）;②５例输注ＨＢｓＡｇ（＋）供造血干细胞患２例发生乙型肝炎;     

同种异基因造血干细胞移植后基于血细胞嵌合状态的个体化免疫治疗

目的:研究同种异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后血细胞嵌合率变化与复发的关系;观察根据血细胞嵌合率变化给予个体化免疫抑制剂治疗和供者淋巴细胞输注(DLI)的疗效。方法:106例供者细胞顺利植入的allo-HSCT患者,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增短串联重复序列的方法,动态检测移植后T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞的嵌合率。根据血细胞嵌合率的变化调整免疫抑制剂剂量和DLI的使用。结果:6例患者在移植后2个月,供者T细胞嵌合状态一直为混合嵌合(MC),将免疫抑制剂减量后均达到完全供者嵌合(FDC)。12例患者在移植后1～5个月,发生供者T细胞嵌合率下降,予免疫抑制剂减量后转为FDC。24例患者血液学复发或髓外复发(进展),有6例在复发前共发生10例次血细胞嵌合率下降,经免疫抑制剂减量或停药后一度回升至FDC,但最终血液学或髓外复发。12例患者在复发或疾病进展后停用免疫抑制剂,共给予DLI23例次,其中8例在DLI前或后给予化疗,最终5例再次达到完全缓解,其余患者最终均因疾病复发死亡。Ⅱ度及Ⅱ度以上急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)发生率为28.3%。慢性GVHD发生率为55.7%。中位随访期为17(1.5～90.0)个月,无病生存65例,死亡41例。67例标危患者预期3年生存率为59.0%;39例高危患者预期3年生存率为44.7%。结论:T淋巴细胞、NK细胞和B淋巴细胞的嵌合状态可作为血液恶性肿瘤复发的预测指标;基于血细胞嵌合率的个体化免疫治疗可以推迟甚至避免临床复发,且不增加急性GVHD的发生。