巨乳缩小术常见手术方法的选择

目的:比较巨乳缩小术常用的临床手术方法,探讨各自的适应证。方法:对15例巨乳症患者行手术治疗,其中垂直双蒂法7例,双环法8例。观察术后乳头乳晕血运及乳房外形。结果:所有患者全部恢复良好,无乳头乳晕坏死,乳房外形均满意。结论:垂直双蒂法较适用于中重度巨乳症,双环法较适用于轻中度巨乳症。     

体形指数分型指导下选择手术方式治疗巨乳症的疗效分析

目的 探讨应用体形指数分型选择手术方式治疗巨乳症的可行性.方法 将我科自2001年6月至2008年1月收治的26例(52侧乳房)巨乳症患者,按体形指数行分型归类.包括:纤细型5例,采用单纯抽吸部分腺体切除法;中等型10例,采用改良真皮帽双环法;肥胖型11例,采用改良垂直双蒂法.观察术后乳头乳晕血运、乳房外形及瘢痕大小.所有患者随访6～32个月(平均20个月).结果 本组患者26例,术后乳房形态自然挺拔、质感柔软.乳头乳晕对称,感觉正常.瘢痕隐蔽并且有效地保留了乳房的泌乳功能.结论 按不同分型选择不同的手术方法,是一种具有临床指导意义的科学方法,值得推广使用.     

垂直双蒂法缩小成形术治疗巨乳症8例报告

采用垂直双蒂法(Mc-kissock Technique)行乳房缩小整形术治疗8例巨乳症患者,初步体会到本术式适应证广,设计简明合理,手术操作方便,安全可靠易推广,缩小成形后的乳房具有外形满意,乳头、乳晕感觉良好,瘢痕隐蔽等优点。     

改良乳房下真皮乳腺单蒂瓣巨乳缩小术

目的为了进一步保证巨乳缩小术后乳头乳晕的血供和感觉,减少手术并发症。方法设计应用乳房下真皮单蒂瓣,并保留部分乳腺组织的垂直乳腺蒂,及切除的乳腺组织位于乳房下方两侧的巨乳缩小术,自1994年1月至1995年11月,为67例(132侧)巨乳患者在法国斯德拉斯堡欧洲美容整形诊所进行治疗。结果术后全部患者无乳头乳晕并发症,感觉正常。结论结合乳腺垂直蒂和乳房下真皮单蒂瓣的改良巨乳缩小术,不但可以确保乳头乳晕的血供,且可减少感觉损伤,降低手术并发症,及提供良好形态。     

改良乳房下真皮乳腺单蒂瓣巨乳缩小术

目的为了进一步保证巨乳缩小术后乳头乳晕的血供和感觉，减少手术并发症。方法设计应用乳房下真皮单蒂瓣，并保留部分乳腺组织的垂直乳腺蒂，及切除的乳腺组织位于乳房下方两侧的巨乳缩小术，自１９９４年１月至１９９５年１１月，为６７例（１３２侧）巨乳患者在法国斯德拉斯堡欧洲美容整形诊所进行治疗。结果术后全部患者无乳头乳晕并发症，感觉正常。结论结合乳腺垂直蒂和乳房下真皮单蒂瓣的改良巨乳缩小术，不但可以确保乳头乳晕的血供，且可减少感觉损伤，降低手术并发症，及提供良好形态。     

复合组织下蒂法乳房缩小整形术25例

目的：回顾性总结复合组织下蒂法乳房缩小整形术25例病例资料,探讨复合组织下蒂法乳房缩小整形术手术注意事项及其并发症防治。方法：从2003～2008年5年间,对25例女性乳房肥大患者分别进行手术治疗,方法采用复合组织下蒂法。通过对术中复合组织下蒂的修整及术后乳房外形、乳头乳晕复合体血运、术后瘢痕及乳房感觉等方面观察,分析复合组织下蒂法乳房缩小整形术的术中注意事项及术后并发症的防治策略。结果：25例患者均取得了较好的效果,无乳头乳晕复合体血运障碍发生。结论：复合组织下蒂法乳房缩小整形术是较好的乳房缩小术式,良好的术前设计及术中调整是确保手术成功的关键。     

青春期乳房肥大症的外科治疗

目的 探讨青春期乳房肥大症的有效治疗方法.方法 结合垂直瘢痕下方蒂乳房缩小成形术的方法设计手术切口,经乳房皮下行腺体全切术.自2003年11月至2010年12月共治疗7例青春期乳房肥大症患者.其中,乳头乳晕复合体的转移方式为下蒂组织瓣携带者3例,游离移植者4例.结果 本组7例患者,乳头、乳晕均存活,术后随访6个月至5年,无一例乳房肥大复发.结论 由于腺体组织完全切除,可以有效避免残余乳腺组织引起的复发,经乳房皮下行腺体全切术为青春期乳房肥大症的可靠治疗方法.     

乳房外上真皮乳腺单蒂瓣巨乳和垂乳缩小整复术

目的　探讨乳房缩小美容术保持乳头乳晕血运感觉的方法。方法　采用宋氏巨乳缩小术方法设计切口,以乳头乳晕上方及外侧真皮乳腺单蒂供应乳头乳晕血运和神经支配,完成乳腺整形。１９９６ 年１ 月～１９９８ 年１２ 月对１８ 例３０ 侧巨乳和１２ 例２２ 侧垂乳进行手术。结果　新乳房外形满意,乳头乳晕血运感觉保留好。结论　该法切口瘢痕小、乳头乳晕血运感觉良好,适合于不同轻重程度的巨乳垂乳,可作为乳房肥大或松垂的重要手术方法     

上方宽蒂垂直切口乳房缩小成形术

目的 探讨一种减少患者乳头乳晕坏死的上方宽蒂垂直切口乳房缩小成形术.方法 采用Lejour穹窿顶式手术设计,切除乳房下方的皮肤、腺体,乳头乳晕以上方真皮腺体组织宽蒂抬高到正常位置,进行乳房塑形,术后仅留有垂直瘢痕.结果 采用上方宽蒂垂直切口方法行乳房缩小成形术46例,其中4例为单侧乳房缩小,手术效果满意,乳房形态良好.14侧乳房切口部分裂开,其中3侧经清创缝合愈合,其余经换药后愈合,无乳头乳晕坏死发生.结论 上方宽蒂垂直切口乳房缩小成形术效果良好,减少了乳头乳晕坏死的危险,值得推广应用.     

乳头乳晕坏死1例治疗报告

患者女性,23岁,未婚.因双侧巨乳伴重度乳房下垂,在我院行巨乳缩小矫正术,手术采用垂直切口、乳头乳晕上方真皮腺体蒂移位的缩小方法.乳头乳晕移位12 cm,单侧腺体组织切除量620 g.术后第2天,一侧乳头乳晕血运良好,另一侧乳头乳晕颜色发紫,静脉淤血,经局部穿刺放血、高渗溶液湿敷等治疗,乳头仍完全坏死,仅残留很少部分乳晕组织.     

伴有乳房良性肿物的乳房肥大下垂缩小术

目的 介绍伴有乳房良性肿物的乳房肥大下垂缩小术的方法和效果。方法 1990年12月至2001年11月，共收治乳房肥大下垂伴乳房良性肿物的患者15例29例，其中，伴有错构瘤1例，腺纤维瘤1例，小叶增生伴乳腺纤维瘤2例，轻度乳头状瘤2例，导管扩张伴分泌物潴留2例，小叶及腺管增生7例，行垂直下蒂真皮瓣缩乳术9例，垂直双蒂真皮瓣缩乳术6例。结果 15例29侧乳房，成功率89.6%，3侧乳头坏死，手术后因乳房肥大下垂带来的合并症明显好转。结论 乳房缩小整形手术是治疗乳房肥大下垂同时伴有乳房良性肿物的首选方法，可以达到治疗和美容的双重效果。     

伴有乳房良性病变的巨乳缩小术27例

目的 探讨乳房肥大下垂同时伴有良性病变的巨乳缩小术的方法。方法：1980年11月～2001年12月，共收治乳房肥大下垂伴乳腺良性病变的患者27例52侧，根据乳腺病变的性质、部位、大小以及乳房肥大下垂的程度，选择下述不同的术式，行下方垂直蒂瓣法9例(17侧)，垂直双蒂瓣法16例(3l侧)，双环形切口乳房缩小术2例(4侧)。结果 术后外观评价良25例49侧占94．2％，差2例3侧占5．8％。术后乳房疼痛改善率为95．8％，肩、背痛，睡眠明显改善为100％，乳房下皱襞湿疹、皮炎未再发生为100％，27例患者术后着装均满意。结论 乳房缩小整形手术是治疗乳房肥大下垂，同时伴有乳腺良性病变的首选治疗方法。     

Vertical Scar with the Bipedicle Technique: A Modified Procedure for Breast Reduction and Mastopexy

Background Reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy are commonly performed aesthetic procedures. One such procedure, the vertical scar technique, has gained popularity in recent years, and various types of pedicles have been designed and associated with it. The vertical scar with the bipedicle technique is one such combination that ensures nipple safety and minimizes scarring, with a good aesthetic result. Method With the vertical scar marked on the outside and the bipedicle flap marked on the inside, the procedure was performed for 23 patients. Results Between 2004 and 2006, 17 reduction mammoplasties and 6 mastopexies were performed. The average tissue resection was 360 g, and the average blood loss was 70 g. The average preoperative nipple–areolar complex was 28 cm (range, 23–41 cm). Good results were achieved for the majority of the patients, with no nipple loss or loss of sensation. Conclusion The vertical scar bipedicle technique, a combination that meets the requirement of minimum scarring and a robust blood supply to the nipple–areolar complex, is a suitable option for selected reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy.     

Unilateral virginal breast hypertrophy

A case of unilateral virginal breast hypertrophy with a review of the etiological factors and treatment modalities is presented. A 16-year-old girl presented with progressive enlargement of the left breast of 5 months' duration. The result of the mammographic examination was consistent with cystosarcoma phyllodes. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed giant fibroadenoma. Although some of the characteristics of the fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimen were suspicious for cystosarcoma phyllodes, there were no adequate epithelial structures, which are obligatory for the diagnosis. The patient was treated with subcutaneous mastectomy and subpectoral insertion of a silicone gel implant. The histopathological examination was consistent with virginal hypertrophy. The breast maintained its volume with no further growth in the affected or in the normal breast after 4 years of follow-up.     

``Flip-Flap' Mastopexy

The ``flip-flap' mastopexy modifies the McKissock vertical bipedicle design by creating a wide superiorly based flap of breast tissue deep to the vertical bipedicle. Transposition of this flap up and beneath the upper breast, with suture anchoring to the pectoralis fascia at the level of the second rib, restores upper breast fullness, decreases mastopexy-wrecking lower breast bulk, and provides a pleasant forward thrust of the nipple–areolar complex. The ``flip-flap' is effective for improving the long-term aesthetic outcome for both reduction mammaplasty and mastopexies of moderate- to full-sized breasts.     

Correction of abnormally high nipples after reduction mammaplasty

One of the most common complications after reduction mammaplasty is the abnormally high location of the nipple. The deformity may appear immediately after surgery if there was faulty planning before or during surgery. Or it may appear a few months after surgery due to migration of the breast tissue downward as a result of gravity, leaving the relatively fixed nipples at a higher location. This is more pronounced in cases of giganitic breasts and in virginal hypertrophy of the breast. The purpose of this article is to describe an alternative technique for correction of the highly located nipple.     

小切口重度巨乳缩小术的临床应用

目的探讨一种切口瘢痕较小的乳房缩小整形术在巨乳治疗中的应用。方法去除乳晕周围皮肤的表皮，切除乳房下方梯形区域内的皮肤和乳腺组织，再以荷包缝合形成新乳晕，手术后仅在乳房下半留有一条垂直短小瘢痕。结果以该术式共治疗9例，效果良好，外观较满意，乳头血运、感觉良好，切口较隐蔽，并能够切除乳腺所有象限的肿物。结论该方法对于重度巨乳和合并有肿瘤的县乳的手术整复有其显著优点，值得推广。     

Unilateral Breast Enlargement 5 Years After Reduction Mammaplasty

A 26-year-old woman presented with unilateral breast enlargement 5 years after bilateral reduction mammaplasty. After careful physical examination combined with a clinical assessment, mammogram, and histologic tissue examination, the patient underwent bilateral reduction mammaplasty using an inferior wedge resection technique. Histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of a fibrocystic breast disease in both breasts. The most common differential diagnoses are juvenile fibroadenoma, virginal hypertrophy, fibrocystic disease, and cystosarcoma phylloides.     

应用下唇双蒂口轮匝肌黏膜瓣修复上唇红唇缺损畸形

目的探讨下唇双蒂口轮匝肌黏膜瓣修复上唇红唇缺损畸形的临床效果。方法根据红唇缺损量及部位,设计下唇口轮匝肌黏膜瓣的长度和宽度,双侧蒂部切口适当向口角内延伸,红唇复合组织瓣转位修复红唇缺损。结果本组8例患者术后口轮匝肌黏膜瓣血运良好,随访6~12个月,修复红唇饱满对称,口角形态自然,张口不受限,术区瘢痕不明显,上唇外观改善良好,下唇形态良好,无与手术相关的并发症发生。结论采用下唇双蒂口轮匝肌黏膜瓣修复上唇红唇缺损畸形具有手术操作简单,安全性高,切口隐蔽,修复效果好等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

Dermal suspension flaps for McKissock's vertical bipedicle flap vs. classical McKissock's technique: comparison of aesthetic results and patient satisfaction.

McKissock's vertical bipedicle flaps technique is a common technique used in reduction mammaplasty. This technique includes a well-vascularised dermal-parenchymal pedicle for safe nipple-areola transposition, but it has been criticised as resulting in a flat breast with inadequate projection after long-term follow-up. Various techniques in which dermal suspension flaps are used have demonstrated decreased secondary ptosis. We used a dermal suspension flap technique for the vertical bipedicled flap of the McKissock's breast reduction and compared it with classical McKissock's technique by review of the patient charts, photographic analysis and patient-satisfaction questionnaire. Evaluations and measurements with postoperative photographs for the dermal brassiere group compared with the classical McKissock breasts were found to be statistically different. There were no differences in complication rates and patient satisfaction between the groups. McKissock's technique with dermal suspension flap is an easy and uncomplicated modification that provides additional advantages for prevention of the secondary ptosis of the reduced breasts in the long term.