慢性前列腺炎治疗前后血清PSA改变的意义

慢性前列腺炎(CP)是男性成人常见疾病，发病率约为8％，诊断主要依靠临床表现和前列腺液(EPS)改变，但症状严重程度与前列腺病理改变及前列腺液的白细胞和细菌数往往不呈正比，临床仍需要其他检测手段以综合评估。为了解前列腺炎患者治疗前后PSA变化的价值，我们对2002年6月至2003年6月200例慢性前列腺炎患者进行血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的检测并分析其意义。     

慢性Ⅳ型前列腺炎患者血PSA的变化

目的:探讨无症状性前列腺炎(NIH-IV)对血PSA的影响。方法:选择常规体检男性242例,慢性前列腺炎症状评分(CPSI)指数评分<8分。患者前列腺指诊及尿液分析未见异常,检查前先抽血查PSA,取前列腺按摩液(EPS)行白细胞计数,评估Ⅳ型前列腺炎发病情况,比较Ⅳ型前列腺炎及对照组的血PSA水平,并分析Ⅳ型前列腺炎患者EPS中白细胞的数目与PSA升高的相关性。结果:在242例体检男性中,Ⅳ型前列腺炎的发病率为34.3%(83/242)。Ⅳ型前列腺炎组与对照组间的年龄、前列腺体积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而PSA在Ⅳ型前列腺炎组为(2.88±2.60)μg/L,显著高于对照组(1.59±1.76)μg/L(P<0.05)。Ⅳ型前列腺炎组中PSA≥4μg/L的比例为13.3%(11/83),而对照组中PSA≥4μg/L的比例为4.4%(7/159),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅳ型前列腺炎患者EPS中白细胞数目多少与PSA的高低并无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Ⅳ型前列腺炎亦是血PSA升高的原因之一。     

各种血清PSA在检测早期前列腺癌中的作用

前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)处于4．1～10．0ng／ml时，辨别前列腺良恶性疾病较困难。游离PSA、结合PSA及其相关参数的测定可提高早期前列腺癌的检出率。重点介绍结合PSA及其相关参数，因其较游离PSA、总PSA性质稳定，有取代后者可能。     

慢性前列腺炎与前列腺特异抗原的关系

目的：探讨慢性前列腺炎与前列腺特异抗原（PSA）的关系,方法：用免疫放射分析法（IRMA）检测52例慢性前列腺炎患者和120例前列腺正常男性的血清PSA值,结果：慢性前列腺炎患者的血清PSA值虽较正常对照组有升高,但仍在低水平,且介于正常人与前列腺癌患者的PSA值（大于等于4．00g/L)之间,结论：慢性前列腺炎血清PSA的轻度升高是长期慢性炎症的病理改变所致,不影响血清PSA值作为前列腺癌癌标的作用。     

各种血清PSA在检测早期前列腺癌中的作用

前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA)处于 4.1～ 10 .0ng/ml时 ,辨别前列腺良恶性疾病较困难。游离PSA、结合PSA及其相关参数的测定可提高早期前列腺癌的检出率。重点介绍结合PSA及其相关参数 ,因其较游离PSA、总PSA性质稳定 ,有取代后者可能。     

血清PSA、PSAD和PSAT在前列腺穿刺活检中的意义

目的探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)和前列腺移行带特异性抗原密度(PSAT)在前列腺穿刺活检中的意义。方法对192例患者行前列腺穿刺活检,其中PSA≥4ng/ml者184例,PSA<4ng/ml且直肠指诊及经直肠B超有阳性发现者8例。对PSA、PSAD和PSAT与前列腺穿刺活检的关系进行分析。结果192例患者中经前列腺穿刺诊断为前列腺癌(PCa)100例,活检阳性率52.1%,其中8例PSA<4ng/ml者中,活检结果为前列腺横纹肌肉瘤1例,良性前列腺增生7例;93例PSA>20ng/ml者中80例为PCa,活检阳性率86.0%;91例PSA4~20ng/ml者中19例为PCa,活检阳性率20.9%。血清PSA4~20ng/ml患者,PSAD>0.10或PSAT>0.10时,敏感性均为100%,特异性为11.1%或4.2%,阳性预测值为22.9%或21.6%,可避免8.8%(8/91)或3.3%(3/91)阴性穿刺结果。血清PSA4~20ng/ml时,前列腺穿刺阳性组和阴性组PSA分别为(13.2±4.7)和(11.4±4.6)ng/ml(P>0.05);PSAD分别为0.36±0.18和0.19±0.09(P=0.001);PSAT分别为0.67±0.36和0.32±0.18(P=0.000)。血清PSA、PSAD和PSAT的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.613、0.810和0.833,PSAD和PSAT的ROC曲线下面积与PSA比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PSA>20ng/ml时应做前列腺穿刺活检;PSA4~20ng/ml时,PSAD和PSAT对预测患者是否行前列腺穿刺活检有较大帮助。     

抗炎治疗后亚临床型前列腺炎患者血清PSA变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨抗炎治疗后亚临床型前列腺炎患者血清PSA变化及其临床意义.方法 直肠指检阴性的亚临床型前列腺炎患者136例.实验窒检查PSA 4.2～49.7(14.0±7.8)ng/ml.136例予抗炎治疗后2周复查PSA并在B超引导下行前列腺穿刺活检.评估抗炎治疗前后PSA、PSA密度(PSAD)、游离/结合PSA(f/t PSA)及其变化(△PSA、△PSAD、△f/t PSA),受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析抗炎前后各参数对前列腺癌的诊断效力.采用SPSS 11.0软件对组间行t检验.结果 136例穿刺活检诊断为前列腺癌33例.良性病变103例.抗炎治疗前后相比:PSA由(14.0±7.8)ng/ml降至(10.4±7.7)ng/ml、PSAD从(0.24±0.12)ng·ml1·ml~(-1)降至(0.18±0.12)ng·ml~(-1)·ml 1、f/t PSA从0.23±0.08降至0.16±0.07,治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).△PSA、△PSAD和△f/tPSA分别为(-3.59±4.34)ng/ml、(-0.10±0.09)ng·ml-1·ml-1及-0.06±0.05.抗炎治疗前PSA、PSAD和f/t PSA诊断前列腺癌ROC曲线下面积分别为0.288、0.642和0.504,△PSA、APSAD和△f/tPSA诊断前列腺癌ROC曲线下面积分别为0.910、0.957和0.983,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).结论 亚临床型前列腺炎伴有PSA增高者经抗炎治疗2周后血清PSA明显下降;利用抗炎治疗后△PSA、APSAD、△f/t PSA可提高前列腺癌的诊断率,减少不必要的前列腺穿刺活检.     

慢性前列腺炎对血清PSA水平的影响

目的 :研究慢性前列腺炎 (chronicprostatitis ,CP)中前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA)水平。　方法 :选择诊断为ⅢA型前列腺炎患者 4 5例 ,30例健康男性为正常对照 ,分别检测血清PSA水平 ,并进行分析。　结果 :在 4 5例ⅢA型前列腺炎患者中 ,血清PSA水平为 2 .4 1± 0 .6 4 μg/L ,而正常对照组为0 .93± 0 .5 2 μg/L ,2组PSA水平差异具有显著性(P <0 .0 5 )。其中 ,ⅢA型前列腺炎患者中血清PSA超过 4 .0 μg/L的共有 6例 (1 3.3%) ,而正常对照组中仅有 1例(3.3%)。ⅢA型前列腺炎患者中 ,随着前列腺按摩液内白细胞数增加 ,PSA水平有一定程度的增高 ,但没有显著性差异。　结论 :ⅢA型前列腺炎可以使血清PSA水平有一定程度的增高 ,在诊断过程中应予以考虑。     

前列腺炎对血清PSA水平的影响

PSA是诊断和鉴别诊断前列腺癌的一项重要指标 ,但许多良性前列腺疾病也导致血清PSA升高。本文综述了前列腺炎导致血清PSA升高的机理 ,不同类型前列腺炎对血清PSA升高的影响 ,前列腺液成分的变化与血清PSA升高的关系以及前列腺炎对其它PSA相关指标的影响等方面。     

泽桂癃爽及抗生素对ⅢA型前列腺炎患者血清PSA浓度的影响

目的:探讨ⅢA型前列腺炎患者经过泽桂癃爽联合抗生素治疗前后血清前列腺特异抗原(tPSA)及游离PSA百分率(F-PSAR)的变化意义.方法:120例ⅢA型前列腺炎患者,前4周合用泽桂癃爽及司帕沙星,后4周单独应用泽桂癃爽.行治疗前、治疗后第4周和第8周血清tPSA、NIH-CPSI评分及EPS检查并统计学分析.结果:血tPSA治疗后第4周较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05);F-PSAR治疗后4周和治疗后8周与治疗前相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05).与治疗前相比,治疗后4周和8周NIH-CPSI总体评分也有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:给予泽桂癃爽联合抗生素治疗,能有效减轻ⅢA型前列腺炎患者的不适症状,显著降低患者血清PSA水平.     

丙戊茶碱对慢性前列腺炎疼痛大鼠的作用及机制

目的:探讨丙戊茶碱对慢性前列腺炎疼痛模型大鼠脊髓神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)及前列腺肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的作用及机制。方法:将30只雄性SD大鼠随机均分为3组(n=10):假手术组(A组),模型组(B组),丙戊茶碱组(C组)。C组在造模后腹腔注射丙戊茶碱2 mg/kg,A、B组注射等量的生理盐水。用免疫组化法检测各组腰骶段脊髓神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)及前列腺肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。结果:A组GFAP(2.56±0.16)和TNF-α(1.34±0.05)的含量均低于B、C组;B组GFAP(16.79±0.72)和TNF-α(3.46±0.05)的含量均增加明显,与A组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组GFAP(8.83±0.63)和TNF-α(2.25±0.05)的含量增加幅度小,与B组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:丙戊茶碱可能通过抑制星形胶质细胞的激活及炎性介质的释放,对慢性前列腺炎疼痛大鼠模型的抑制发挥作用。     

慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征与勃起功能障碍的临床预测

目的应用临床指标,预测慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征（CP/CPSS）发生勃起功能障碍（ED）的可能性。方法以90例门诊确诊的慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征患者为研究对象,分为发生ED组（A组）23例,未发生ED组（B组）67例,分别比较两组间在硫酸脱氢表雄酮（DHEAS）、24h尿香草扁桃体酸（VMA）、年龄等观察指标上的差异性,寻找其中能用于预测ED的临床指标。结果A组平均DHEAS值低于B组,VMA值高于B组,年龄方面两组差异无统计学意义。结论可通过DHEAS、VMA来预测慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征患者ED的发生,有利于对慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征发生ED患者的监控和治疗干预。     

Treatment of chronic prostatitis lowers serum prostate specific antigen

PURPOSE: We evaluated men with documented chronic prostatitis and elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) to determine whether treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs lowers serum PSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 95 men who presented with serum PSA greater than 4 ng./ml. and were subsequently diagnosed with chronic prostatitis with greater than 10 white blood cells per high power field in expressed prostatic excretions. Patients meeting these criteria were treated with a 4-week course of antibiotics and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. In all patients followup PSA was determined within 2 months of treatment. RESULTS: Mean PSA decreased 36.4% from 8.48 ng./ml. before to 5.39 after treatment (p <0.001). In 44 patients (46.3%) serum PSA decreased to below 4 ng./ml. (mean 2.48) and these patients no longer had an indication for biopsy. In the remaining 51 patients serum PSA remained elevated at greater than 4 ng./ml. and they underwent double sextant transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy. Pathological study showed prostate cancer in 13 cases (25.5%), chronic inflammation in 37 (72.5%) and only benign prostatic hypertrophy in 1 (1.05%). PSA in the 13 patients with prostate cancer decreased with treatment only 4.8% from 8.32 to 7.92 ng./ml. (p >0.05). Followup PSA at a mean of 11.4 months was determined in 19 of the 44 men who responded to treatment. Mean PSA increased only 4.5% from 2.35 to 2.46 ng./ml. (p >0.05) during this followup interval. CONCLUSIONS: In almost half of the patients diagnosed with elevated PSA and chronic prostatitis serum PSA normalized with treatment and there was no longer an indication for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy. Our study suggests that chronic prostatitis is an important cause of elevated PSA and when it is identified, treatment can decrease the percent of negative biopsies.     

Prostate-specific antigen as a marker of adenocarcinoma of prostate

Summary Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) serum levels were measured in 117 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma, in 9 patients with prostatic hyperplasia and in 14 patients with other malignancies to compare the clinical usefulness of the PSA and PAP levels. PSA was elevated (PSA⁺) in 14 of 18 untreated patients (78%) with prostatic cancer. PAP was elevated (PAP⁺) only in 3 of these untreated cases (17%). Also in previously treated patients PSA was more often positive than PAP. PSA was positive in 40 of the 99 treated patients (40%), PAP was elevated only in 21 cases (21%). There was a significantly (P<0.001) higher tendency towards elevated PSA in the prostatic cancer patients: 32 (27%) patients with PSA⁺ and PAP^- compared with only 2 cases (2%) with PAP⁺ and PSA^-. The PSA⁺/PAP^- patients were analyzed further. In seven of them the PSA level also returned to its normal level after orchiectomy or/and radiotherapy. In two patients the PSA levels indicated tumor progression earlier than PAP, their PAP levels did not rise until bone metastasizing was evident. There were also progressive disease in some patients evidenced only by increased PSA levels. In addition to cancer patients the PSA level was increased in three (30%) of the prostatic hyperplasia patients. It was also elevated in three patients with other malignancies. However, these three patients also had prostatic hyperplasia and the increase in the PSA level is considered more likely to be due to that. According to these findings it is suggested that PSA is more sensitive than PAP in local and advanced prostatic cancer and may be more useful in monitoring responses and recurrence after therapy.     

精阜肥大在慢性前列腺炎发病机制中的作用初探

目的:探讨慢性前列腺炎与精阜肥大的关系。方法:选择临床诊断为慢性前列腺炎患者52例,均接受正规治疗,治疗前后行膀胱尿道镜检查,对比分析治疗前后患者精阜的大小。结果:52例患者均有不同程度的精阜增大,其中50例行常规药物治疗,2例伴有排尿困难者行电切结合药物治疗,治疗后复查膀胱尿道镜提示44例患者精阜均明显缩小(P<0.05)。结论:精阜肥大与慢性前列腺炎的发病有一定的相关性,并可作为疗效的观察指标之一。     

中国慢性前列腺炎的流行病学特征

慢性前列腺炎(CP)一直都是困扰泌尿外科的常见疾病,对患者的身心健康造成严重影响。由于其病因尚不明确、临床症状复杂多样化、诊断方法存在争议、治疗时间长久等问题存在,临床治疗效果令泌尿外科医师和患者均不满意。本文针对CP的发病率、年龄分布、各种类型前列腺炎的发病情况、气候、职业、相关疾病、生活方式、教育水平等因素与其的关系做一全面的综述,总结目前中国CP流行病学特征。     

Treatment of chronic prostatitis in Chinese men

The aim of this study is to assess the status of treatment of chronic prostatitis (CP) in Chinese men. A population-based cross-sectional survey was performed, in which 15 000 men aged between 15 and 60 years were randomly selected to receive a questionnaire designed to assess National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptoms Index (NIH-CPSI) status, therapeutic efficacy and 28 other items. A total of 12 743 men (84.95%) completed the questionnaire, of whom 1 071 (8.4%) were identified as having prostatitis-like symptoms and 517 (4.5%) were diagnosed with CP according to NIH-CPSI criteria and prostatitis-like symptomatology. Of the CP patients, 372 (65%) underwent long-term routine treatment 12 times per year. Additionally, 217 (72.8%) patients received antibiotic therapy and 215 (79.3%) men showed therapeutic effects. The treatment cost USD 1 151 (8 059 yuan) per person per year on average. Most CP patients received routine treatment, in most cases with antibiotics. Treatment was costly and most CP patients were not satisfied with its effectiveness. Antibacterial treatment might have been effective primarily in patients with bacterial disease.