鸡胚尿囊膜血管生长的特点及观测方法

研究鸡胚尿囊膜血管的特点以及观测方法。培养海兰种种蛋，观测不同培养天数以及模拟用药后鸡胚尿囊膜血管数量、血管面积的变化。结果表明，鸡胚尿囊膜血管数量、血管面积随培养天数的增加而增加，生存能力亦随之增强。培养5d的鸡胚适于局部用药观测血管生长的研究。     

黄芪、脉络宁注射液载入修饰胶原对鸡胚尿囊膜血管新生的协同促进作用

背景:课题组先期研究发现黄芪载入修饰后胶原可以促进血管新生,与生长因子载入疗效相当,运用中医理论中具有协同作用的中药合用是否能进一步提高疗效尚不清楚。目的:探查黄芪、脉络宁载入修饰后胶原促鸡胚尿囊膜血管新生及长入胶原的疗效,并证明黄芪与脉络宁是否有协同作用。方法:实验分空白组、控制组(单纯胶原)、黄芪组(黄芪注射液1mL载入胶原)、脉络宁组(脉络宁注射液1mL载入胶原)、黄芪+脉络宁组(黄芪注射液及脉络宁注射液各0.5mL载入胶原),各组植入鸡胚尿囊膜孵化7d后取出,测定鸡胚尿囊膜内微血管数、各组胶原内微血管数、血红蛋白含量、rhVEGF165阳性细胞数。结果与结论:各实验组鸡胚尿囊膜内血管呈轮辐状生长及鸡胚尿囊膜包裹标本率高于空白组与控制组,鸡胚尿囊膜内微血管数、胶原内微血管数、血红蛋白含量、rhVEGF165阳性细胞数均高于控制组,差异有显著性意义(P0.01);其中黄芪+脉络宁组又高于黄芪组与脉络宁组,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。提示黄芪、脉络宁载入胶原后可以促进鸡胚尿囊膜内血管新生并刺激血管长入胶原内,黄芪与脉络宁合用具有协同作用,机制之一为刺激血管内皮细胞血管内皮生长因子的表达。     

青蒿琥酯对人骨髓瘤细胞抗血管生成的作用

目的:研究青蒿琥酯对人RPMI-8226细胞诱导血管新生的抑制作用。方法:采用MTT法检测青蒿琥酯对RPMI-8226细胞增殖抑制作用;通过鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜体内血管生长实验,观察青蒿琥酯对RPMI-8226细胞诱导体内血管生成的影响;免疫蛋白印迹检测鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜内血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和血管紧张素1(Ang-1)含量的表达变化。结果:青蒿琥酯以时间、剂量依赖方式抑制RPMI-8226细胞增殖;24h和48h后,其IC50值分别为(36.33±2.65)μmol/L和(14.31±3.28)μmol/L。在鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜体内血管生长实验中,经3、6、12μmol/L青蒿琥酯处理后,与单纯RPMI-8226细胞组比较,新生血管数目分别减少21.9%、38.2%和76.9%,差异有统计学意义;同时鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜内VEGF含量分别显著下降22.2%、34.2%和52.6%;Ang-1蛋白表达量分别显著下降15.6%、24.2%和39.6%。结论:青蒿琥酯具有抑制RPMI-8226细胞诱导血管新生的作用,其作用机制与下调RPMI-8226细胞的VEGF和Ang-1表达有关。     

数字图像分析技术在鸡胚卵黄囊膜血管形成模型中的应用

目的应用数字图像处理技术客观、准确和快速地对鸡胚卵黄囊膜(chick embryo yolk sac membrane,YSM)血管图像进行定量分析,为促血管和抗血管生成药物的评价和筛选提供有效可靠的技术支持。方法应用OPTPRO2007图像采集系统和Image-proplus6.0图像分析软件对鸡胚卵黄囊膜血管图像背景处理和血管面积及血管密度等参数进行客观、准确地测量。结果建立了有效的鸡胚卵黄囊膜数字图像血管自动分析方法和步骤并通过药物实验对鸡胚卵黄囊膜血管图像进行了参数检测和统计分析。结论应用OPTPRO2007图像采集系统和Image-proplus6.0图像处理分析软件对鸡胚卵黄囊膜图像血管进行自动分析的方法不仅操作简便而且可较准确、快速、客观地反映鸡胚血管新生情况,优于鸡胚尿囊膜血管发生模型的常规人工目测血管计数方法。     

不同鼻咽癌细胞株对鸡胚尿囊膜模型血管生成影响的比较研究

目的比较不同鼻咽癌细胞株在鸡胚尿囊膜模型上促进血管生成能力的差异。方法选用6日龄鸡胚,开窗后分别种植5-8F、6-10B及CNE-2三种鼻咽癌细胞株,三种细胞株细胞数为2×106/鸡胚者各一组,细胞数为5×105/鸡胚者各一组,另一组为对照组（PBS）,每组10个鸡胚。孵育6日后,统计分析新生血管数及血管面积/鸡胚面积比。结果种植细胞数为5×105/鸡胚时,5-8F、6-10B细胞部分鸡胚有移植瘤形成,CNE-2细胞鸡胚均未见成瘤。种植细胞数为2×106/鸡胚时,三种鼻咽癌细胞株均可100%成瘤,其新生血管数依次递减,分别为（38.7±2.50）、（33.5±4.43）、（29.7±2.71）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;血管面积/鸡胚面积比分别为（22.2±2.18）%、（18.7±2.45）%、（16.9±2.62）%,均高于对照组的（9.5±1.86）%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且5-8F面积比高于其他两种细胞株（P〈0.05）。结论鼻咽癌5-8F、6-10B及CNE-2三种细胞株在鸡胚尿囊膜模型上血管生成能力依次减弱,实验研究可根据实际情况选用。     

青蒿琥酯对新生血管生长与成型影响的实验研究

目的通过观察新生血管生长发育与成型过程的形态学变化，研究青蒿琥酯对新生血管形成的影响。方法采用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜模型、大鼠主动脉环无血清培养及人脐静脉内皮细胞体外培养，检测青蒿琥酯在新生血管形态发育过程中的作用。结果青蒿琥酯可影响血管内皮生长与实心条索形成，使血管生长期明显滞后，抑制血管生长。结论青蒿琥酯能通过干扰血管生长发育与成型而抑制血管生成。     

鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜模型在微血管实验研究中的应用

鸡胚的绒毛尿囊膜薄膜(CAM),作为胚胎的呼吸器官,在第4天和第5天的胚胎发展期间由被膜尿囊内脏中胚层和绒毛膜中胚层融合而成[1]。CAM是鸡胚孵化至第19天的(总期间21天)气体交换的呼吸器官,是具有丰富血管的薄膜。CAM微循环具有连续的微血管分叉状扩张[1],在生理状态下,承担适应发育中的胚胎氧需求。鸡胚CAM血管系统的发育既复杂又高度程序化。CAM血管生长于正常的鸡胚发育期间,经观察大体上经过早、中和晚三期:早期(从第5天到第7天)通过毛细血管以“出芽”方式生长;中期(从第8天到第12天)是普遍的吸收式微血管的生长,毛细血管内壁内…     

骨肉瘤血管生成与肿瘤治疗的实验研究

目的：研究人骨肉瘤OS－732细胞系促进血管生成作用及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）抗体对其血管生成的抑制作用。方法：应用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜模型。通过解剖显微镜、光镜及免疫组化方法观察人骨肉瘤OS－732细胞系血管生成活性，并探讨VEGF抗体的血管生成抑制作用。结果：OS－732细胞系具有较强的促血管生成能力，鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜移植瘤组织中VEGF、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）均呈阳性表达，且VEGF呈持续高表达。给予VEGF抗体后VEGF抗体组血管数目、瘤细胞数低于PBS对照组。结论：VEGF、bFGF、TGF-β1可能共同参与骨肉瘤OS－732细胞系诱导的血管生成，其中VEGF可能起着主要作用。VEGF抗体能抑制本细胞系的血管生成，提示VEGF抗体对骨肉瘤治疗具有良好的应用前景。     

鸡胚尿囊绒毛膜法研究细胞间黏附分子-1在血管生成中的作用

目的　探讨细胞间黏附分子 1(intercellularadhesionmolecule 1,ICAM 1)在血管生成中的作用。　方法采用鸡胚尿囊绒毛膜 (chorioallantoicmembrane ,CAM)法进行在体血管生成实验。　结果　 1 10d鸡胚的尿囊绒毛膜经ICAM 1作用 3d后 ,明胶海绵周围放射状走行的微血管非常明显 ,似车辐 ,显微镜下明胶海绵内有垂直长入的微血管 ,明胶海绵周边CAM间充质内微血管数目显著多于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。 2 6d鸡胚的尿囊绒毛膜经Anti ICAM 1作用 3d后 ,明胶海绵周围放射状走行的微血管极不明显 ,显微镜下明胶海绵内几乎没有新生的微血管 ,明胶海绵周边CAM间充质内微血管数目显著少于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。　结论　结果提示 1 ICAM 1有诱导微血管生成的作用 ;2 ICAM 1参与胚胎的血管生成。     

加味保安方对鸡胚尿囊膜血管新生的影响

目的观察加味保安方对鸡胚尿囊膜血管(CAM)生成的影响。方法采用血清药理学方法制备含药血清。观察含药血清对培养5、6、7dCAM血管生成的影响,并与生理盐水及正常血清组对照。结果加味保安方含药血清可抑制鸡胚CAM血管生成。其中对培养5dCAM血管生成的抑制作用与生理盐水组比较差异具显著性(P<0.05);对培养6dCAM的作用,仅大剂量组与生理盐水组比较差异具显著性(P<0.05);对培养7dCAM的作用最为显著,与生理盐水组及正常血清组比较差异均具显著性(P<0.05)。结论加味保安方具有抑制鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成的作用。     

In ovo assay for Marek''s disease virus and turkey herpesvirus.

Marek's disease virus (MDV) and the turkey herpesvirus (HVT) may be assayed on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chicken embryo after intravenous inoculation of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) or chicken blood leukocytes infected with these viruses. Free HVT, MDV associated with Marek's tumor cells, and lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from Marek's tumors, may be assayed in the same way. The intravenous assay is quicker than the yolk sac assay and somewhat more sensitive than in vitro or conventional CAM assay after direct inoculation of the CAM. The optimal time for inoculation was day 10 of embryo incubation; therafter the log-10 CAM lesions decreased as a negative linear function of embryo age at the time of inoculation. The log-10 CAM lesions increased as a positive linear function of the time since inoculation. The optimal time for counts was day 5 after inoculation. The log-10 CAM lesions was a linear function of the log-10 cells in the inoculum; the slope was 1.0. Venous in ovo inoculation caused as increase in the weight of the spleen proportional to the number of CAM lesions. Repression of the splenomegaly, by prior X irradiation of the embryo, did not reduce the number of CAM lesions. Embryols from lines inbred for susceptibility to Marek's disease produced more CAM lesions than embryos from resistant lines. This difference did not depend on prior exposure of the mothers to MDV or HVT.     

Marek's disease virus (Kekava strain) replication in chickens, chick embryos and cell cultures.

In the course of 12 passages of Marek's disease virus (MDV) strain Kekava (MDV-Kekava) in chickens, the morbidity varied greatly (from 23 to 50 percent). MDV-Kekava produced plaques in cultures of chick embryo kidney and adult chicken kidney cells and chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF). The virus adaptation to the cultures was very slow. MDV-Kekava induced the formation of pocks on the chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of chick embryos but the proportion of embryos with CAM lesions did not exceed 24 percent. Serial passaging of the virus in chick embryos beyond the 5th passage was unsuccessful. The results of virus isolation in chickens, cell cultures and chick embryos indicate the possibility of a long-term latent virus carrier state in chickens without development of tumours.     

银杏叶总黄酮对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的探讨银杏叶总黄酮体外对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖与凋亡的影响。方法将银杏叶总黄酮作用于体外培养的人肝癌细胞HepG2,MTT法检测药物对HepG2细胞增殖的影响,缺口末端核苷标记(TUNEL)法检测药物对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响。结果银杏叶总黄酮对体外培养的人肝癌细胞HepG2的增殖效率下降,使凋亡细胞数增加(P0.01),呈剂量依赖效应。结论银杏叶总黄酮对体外培养的人HepG2细胞增殖有抑制作用,并能诱导细胞凋亡。     

Liver regeneration on chicken chorioallantoic membrane

To explore how the liver regenerates, liver pieces from 15-day-old chicken embryos were grafted onto the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 9-day-old chicken embryos and cultured for 11 days at the longest. The cultured liver pieces were examined histologically. The liver implants were gradually engulfed into the CAM and underwent necrosis of hepatocytes, except in their peripheral areas, during the first 1-4 days after grafting. Surviving cells in the peripheral areas began to proliferate 4 days after grafting. Thereafter, the cells were assembled into normal liver tissues and represented almost all the areas of the implants 9 days after grafting. Only after penetration of blood vessels from CAM did the liver implants enter a phase of rapid regeneration to form well-organized liver tissues. At the early stage of regeneration, the cells at the peripheral areas did not produce albumin, but reproduced it in the regenerated liver tissues, implying that hepatocytes restored their functions that were temporarily lost in the process of regeneration. Thus, we concluded that the liver pieces from 15-day-old chicken embryos had the ability to form normal liver tissues on CAM and that the blood supply played an important role in liver regeneration.     

Tissue integrity is essential for ectopic implantation of human endometrium in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane

BACKGROUND: Not all women with patent tubes develop clinically manifest endometriosis. Quality and quantity of endometrium in retrograde menstruation may be the determining factor in the development of the disease. We hypothesize that retrograde shedding of endometrial fragments with preserved integrity facilitates implantation of endometrium in ectopic locations, resulting in endometriotic lesion development. We evaluate the impact of tissue integrity on the success of endometriosis-like lesion development in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. METHODS: Menstrual and non-menstrual (cyclic) endometrium were collected by biopsy, and either minced or enzymatically dispersed. Spontaneously shed menstrual effluent was collected by a menstrual cup, and cells and tissue were isolated. We evaluated whether infiltration or lesion formation in the CAM occurred after transplantation of endometrium onto the CAM. RESULTS: Transplantation of biopsied menstrual and cyclic endometrium fragments, and of endometrium fragments >1 mm(3) isolated from menstrual effluent, resulted in lesion formation. Transplantation of endometrial cells isolated from menstrual effluent did not lead to lesion formation. After transplantation of digested biopsied cyclic endometrium, infiltration in the CAM but no lesions were observed. CONCLUSION: In the CAM assay, integrity of tissue architecture determines success of implantation of human endometrium in ectopic locations.     

Detection of latent cytomegalovirus in murine salivary and prostate explant cultures and cells.

Parameters of infection of the chicken embryo with Neisseria gonorrhoeae were defined in order to standardize infectious and lethal doses. Virulent (T1) and avirulent (T3) gonococci from two strains were used to infect 7- to 12-day-old White Leghorn chicken embryos via the yolk sac (YS) or chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route. Infection of embryos was established following YS inoculation of 1 to 10 viable gonococci. Although 8- to 10-day-old embryos were the most susceptible, an inoculum of less than 100 gonococci was sufficient to kill any age embryo via this route. Embryos were less susceptible to infection via the CAM, where an inoculum of from 10(5) to 10(6) colony-forming units was lethal by 42 h. Strain and morphological type had a variable influence on the ability of the gonococcus to infect and kill the chicken embryo by either route; however, agar-grown and broth-grown organisms produced consistently similar mean lethal dose (LD(50)) and mean infective dose (ID(50)) values. LD(50) and ID(50) differences between T1 and T3 gonococci from strain 72H641 were not apparent after either YS or CAM inoculation of 8- or 10-day chicken embryos, respectively. YS and CAM LD(50) values for strain 72H641 T1 and T3 and CDC 9 T3 were also similar; however, these values were slightly lower for CDC 9 T1. In terms of infectivity or colonization, CDC 9 T1 and T3 had higher ID(50) values via the YS and lower ID(50) values via the CAM than 72H641. CDC 9 T1 was slightly more infective via the YS and less infective via the CAM than its T3 counterpart. Although the gonococcal strain used will influence interpretation of results, infection of both YS and CAM was highly reproducible in terms of gross pathology and of LD(50) and ID(50) data for a particular strain and colony type.     

In vivo evidence of angiogenesis inhibition by β2-glycoprotein I subfractions in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos

The vascular network expansion and functioning are important factors affecting normal intra-uterine fetal development. This study addressed the previously reported antiangiogenic potential of beta-2-glycoprotein I (β₂GPI) in vivo in the chick embryo model of angiogenesis. The effects of two naturally occurring β₂GPI forms on the development of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) vessels and the chicken embryo were investigated. β₂GPI monomers and dimers were obtained by fractioned purification and characterized using SDS-PAGE, immunoblot, and ELISA. The egg exposure was performed by injection of small volumes of 2.5 µg/mL solutions of the β₂GPI subfractions. Angiogenesis was evaluated through quantitative measurements of vascular architecture parameters in the captured CAM images, using computational analysis of texture contrasts and computer vision techniques. Quantitative information was assigned to the CAM vasculature modifications. In vivo, the β₂GPI dimer completely halted the formation of CAM vessels and led to embryo death after 48 h of exposure. The β₂GPI monomer allowed the embryo to develop up to the 10th day, despite early changes of CAM vessels. The impaired normal vessel growth proceeded as a self-limited effect. The β₂GPI monomer-exposed eggs showed reduced vascularization on the 6th day of incubation, but embryos were viable on the 10th day of incubation, with ingurgitated CAM vessels implying sequelae of the angiogenesis inhibition. Both subfractions impaired CAM vasculature development. The β₂GPI dimer proved to be largely more harmful than the β₂GPI monomer. β₂GPI modification by cleavage or dimerization may play a role in angiogenesis control in vivo.     

bFGF单抗的抗血管新生作用

目的在人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)以及鸡胚中来研究抗碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)单抗对血管新生的作用。方法制备3种腹水型bFGF单抗MabF7,MabF10,MabF12。CCK-8法检测bFGF单抗对HUVECs细胞增殖的影响;Transwell小室研究bFGF单抗对HUVECs迁移的影响;ECM gel检测其对HUVEC体外成管的影响;并研究其体内对鸡胚尿囊膜(CAM)血管新生作用。结果 MabF7,MabF10,MabF12均可中和bFGF的活性;3株单抗均可抑制内皮细胞迁移过程,无抗体组,对照抗体组,MabF7,MabF10,MabF12组细胞迁移率分别为100%,106.25%±7.89%,69.50%±6.86%,74.00%±4.16%,67.75%±3.30%;3株单抗均可抑制内皮细胞成管过程,无抗体组,对照抗体组,MabF7,MabF10,MabF12组管状结构形成率分别为:100%,105.93%±3.85%,56.53%±4.35%,29.23%±6.45%,12.77%±2.67%;计数尿囊膜上加药滤纸周围呈放射状的血管条数,bFGF组,bFGF+MabF7组,bFGF+MabF10组,bFGF+MabF12呈放射状的血管条数分别为15±0.82,7.5±1.29,13.5±3.10,8.5±0.58。结论 bFGF单抗对HUVECs的增殖、迁移、成管以及鸡胚尿囊膜血管新生均有抑制作用,从而为具有抗肿瘤作用的抗体药物的研发奠定基础。