胃上部癌的经腹外科治疗

目的 提高胃上部癌外科治疗水平。方法 对94例胃上部癌采用了经腹正中切口或合并切除剑突及左第7～9肋弓软骨入路，行近端胃或全胃切除术。结果 全组病例发生吻合口瘘1例，食管断端癌残留3例和肺部感染8例，无肋软骨炎及胸膜损伤所致血气胸发生。结论 胃上部癌经腹入路暴露良好，创伤小，痛苦少，适用于食管无浸润或浸润小于1cm的胃上部癌的患者。     

进展期胃上部癌的外科治疗

为了探讨进展期胃上部癌的外科诊疗规律，本文对我院近8年经病理证实的进展期胃上部癌137例进杆总结。讨论了胃上部癌的概念，根据资料分析，认为进展期胃上部癌外科治疗的两大课题即切口的选择和本式的确定，要根据患者和医院的具体情况决定。     

WWOX基因在肝细胞癌及手术切缘中的表达意义

目的 探讨WWOX基因在肝细胞癌(HCC)和切缘中的表达状况和术后复发及预后的关系及其临床意义.方法 用免疫组化方法检测76例肝癌组织及其切缘组织、20例正常肝组织中WWOX基因蛋白产物表达水平,用TUNEL法检测76例肝细胞癌的细胞凋亡水平,结合临床病理指标和术后生存率进行分析.结果 WWOX基因蛋白产物在HCC中定位于细胞核,在癌旁组织中定位于细胞核与细胞浆.肝癌组织中WWOX基因蛋白表达指数为(35.2±20.1)%,低于癌旁组织和正常肝组织(P<0.05).并与肝癌的细胞凋亡率下降、PCNA增高、肿瘤较大、门脉分支浸润、低分化高恶性度以及术后复发等指标有关(P<0.05).肝癌切缘ww0X基因蛋白表达水平与术后复发率和生存率有关(P<0.05),而与1 cm以上切缘距离无关.结论 肝癌组织和手术切缘存在低WWOX表达和定位异常,并可能与影响肿瘤进展、预后的生物学行为有关.肝癌组织和手术切缘WWOX表达水平测定有望成为评估肝癌进展等生物学行为和预后的有用指标之一,并有助于确定较为安全的根治切除分子切缘.     

腹腔镜在胃上部癌手术中的应用

<正>胃上部癌是指发生于胃上1/3的癌,包括非贲门胃上部癌和贲门癌,前者癌中心位于胃底及胃小弯上的1/3,后者癌中心位于胃-食管接合部上下2cm以内[1]。胃上部癌发生率虽低于胃窦及胃小弯癌,但近年有逐渐上升的趋势[2]。     

近端胃切除残胃空肠双通道吻合在胃上部癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨近端胃切除后残胃与空肠双通道吻合在胃上部癌根治术中的价值。方法我院2007年1月至2009年6月期间对40例胃上部癌患者行近端胃根治性切除,保留远端胃,行食管-空肠端侧吻合、残胃-空肠侧侧吻合、空肠-空肠侧侧吻合的双通道消化道重建。结果本组病例距肿瘤远切缘5cm,切缘阴性。清扫淋巴结(21±6)枚,符合D2根治术的规范。未发生吻合口漏、梗阻、出血等并发症。术后钡餐造影,部分钡剂经过残胃-十二指肠径路进入空肠,无钡剂返流入食管。随访6～30个月(平均18个月)患者无明显返流性食管炎;1例有轻微倾倒综合征表现;患者血红蛋白较术前均有明显升高,近期生活质量满意。结论近端胃根治性切除,保留远端胃,作残胃与空肠双通道吻合治疗胃上部癌,清扫、切除范围合理,残胃有一定储袋作用,能较好地预防返流性食管炎和倾倒综合征;保留了十二指肠径路,改善了生活质量,近期效果满意;手术重建结构简单,操作不复杂,难度小,是胃上部癌根治术较理想的消化道重建方式。     

近端胃切除联合双通道吻合技术治疗胃上部癌安全性及有效性的Meta分析

目的:探讨近端胃切除联合双通道吻合技术治疗胃上部癌的安全性及有效性。方法:检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Wiley Online Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库及维普数据库公开发表的有关胃上部癌行近端胃切除联合双通道吻合技术（PG-DT）和全胃切除...     

胃上部癌行近端胃切除双通道吻合与全胃切除Roux-en-Y吻合临床疗效比较的meta分析

目的 采用meta分析方法比较胃上部癌患者行近端胃切除双通道吻合（PG-DT组）与全胃切除Roux-en-Y吻合术（TG-RY组）的临床疗效。方法 计算机检索Pubmed、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网,万方数据库、维普中文期刊网中关于胃上部癌行近端胃切除双通道吻合与全胃切除Roux-en-Y吻合研究报道。文献检索时限均从建库到2021年3月,由两名评价人员按照Cochrane系统评价手册5.1.0标准独立筛选文献,提取资料,分别应用Jadad量表及Newcastle-Ottawa Scale量表（NOS量表）对随机对照试验及观察性研究进行文献质量评价,使用RevMan 5.3软件分别对结局指标数据进行Meta分析,并对结果进行分析。结果 共纳入16项研究,均为病例对照试验,共纳入1346例患者,其中PG-DT组589例,TG-RY组757例。Meta分析结果显示：PG-DT组较TG-RY组围手术期并发症发生率更少（OR=0.56,95%CI:0.39～0.79,P<0.001）,但严重并发症（OR=0.47,95%CI:0.2～1.08,P=0.08）...     

胃上部癌的临床病理特点及术式比较

目的探讨胃上部癌的临床病理特点及手术方式的选择。方法回顾分析中山大学肿瘤防治中心1964-2004年经手术治疗的803例胃上部癌患者的临床资料（包括经腹手术341例、经胸或胸腹手术462例）。结果经腹组平均住院21天,平均手术时间2h50 min,平均输血量400 ml,切缘癌残留19例（远切缘阳性9例,近切缘阳性10例）,发生术后并发症11例;经胸或胸腹组平均住院26.6天、平均手术时间3h40 min、平均输血量650 ml,切缘癌残留31例（远切缘阳性8例,近切缘阳性18例,远近切缘均阳性5例）,发生术后并发症23例。结论经腹手术具有手术时间短、输血量少、术后并发症少、恢复快等优点,在保证足够切缘距离的前提下,应作为首选。对于是否联合脾脏切除,应视患者及肿瘤的具体情况而定。     

胃上部癌行根治性近端胃切除术食管胃吻合与双通道吻合的临床疗效

目的:探讨胃上部癌行根治性近端胃切除术食管胃吻合与双通道吻合的临床疗效。方法:采用回顾性队列研究方法。收集2018年1月至2020年12月天津医科大学肿瘤医院收治的172例胃上部癌行根治性近端胃切除术病人的临床病理资料;男147例,女25例;中位年龄为62岁,年龄范围为25~81岁。172例病人均行消化道重建,其中83...     

PTEN蛋白在肝细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的 通过检测肿瘤抑制基因产物PTEN蛋白在肝癌中的表达情况,探讨其作为一种评估肝细胞癌(HCC)生物学特征的分子标记的意义。方法 用免疫组化技术检测3组共43例(孤立性大肝癌、小肝癌及多结节肝癌组)HCC病例与6例正常肝组织中PTEN蛋白的表达。分析HCC中的PTEN蛋白表达与各临床病理特征的关系。结果 PTEN蛋白在正常肝组织及HCC癌旁组织中表达水平高于癌组织,差异具有显著性(P<0.05),但正常肝组织与癌旁组织间表达无显著性差异(P>0.05)。分化程度高的HCC中PTEN表达高于低分化者,无静脉浸润者高于有静脉浸润者,Child A级者高于B级和C级,差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。PTEN蛋白在大肝癌组表达高于多结节组,但大、小肝癌组间表达无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 PTEN蛋白可作为检测肝癌生物学特征的一种分子标记。PTEN检测结果支持孤立性大肝癌较多结节肝癌具有更好的预后。     

胃癌分子生物学研究现状

随着对胃癌发病分子机制的深入研究,发现胃癌的进展与一系列分子水平的变化有关,包括相关基因的突变、非编码RNA表达失调、信号通路的调节异常、肿瘤微环境改变及胃癌干细胞分化异常等,使分子靶向治疗在抗肿瘤治疗中逐渐显示出良好的应用.但由于胃癌具有较高的肿瘤异质性,导致其缺乏稳定高效的治疗选择性及可靠的用来预测病人预后和治疗反...     

胃癌合并门脉高压症的外科治疗

目的:探讨胃癌合并肝硬化门脉高压症患者的手术方式、围手术期处理方法及术后并发症发生的危险因素。方法:17例胃癌合并肝硬化患者行根治性近端胃次全切除术、脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术4例;全胃切除、脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术5例;根治性远端胃次全切除术、脾切除、贲门周围曲张血管缝扎术3例;根治性远端胃次全切除、脾脏切除、贲门周围血管离断术2例;根治性远端胃次全切除、脾切除术2例;姑息性远端胃大部切除术1例。结果:17例术后有不同程度的腹水,早期肝昏迷1例,创面渗血3例,腹腔脓肿1例,切口感染2例,均经积极治疗后恢复。结论:胃癌合并肝硬化手术后并发症发生率高,手术风险大,手术方式须根据肝硬化程度以及胃癌的部位等采用"个体化"处理原则。     

Surgical Indication for Non-curative Endoscopic Resection in Early Gastric Cancer

Background Endoscopic resection (ER) is an effective treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) without lymph node metastasis. However, after ER additional surgery may be needed to manage the risks presented by residual cancer or lymph node metastasis. Methods ER was performed on 344 gastric adenocarcinomas between November 2001 and April 2006 at the Korean National Cancer Center under the strict pre-procedural indication. The authors performed operations in 43 patients due to: residual mucosal cancer, a mucosal cancer larger than 3 cm, or a submucosal cancer regardless of size or margin involvement. ER and surgical specimens were reviewed and analyzed for residual cancer and lymph node metastasis. Results Based on examinations of ER specimens, cancer was confined to the mucosal layer in 15 patients (34.9%) and invaded the submucosal layer in 28 patients (65.1%). Surgical specimens showed residual cancer in 17 patients (39.5%) and lymph node metastasis in four (9.3%). Neither residual cancer nor lymph node metastasis was found in patients with less than 500 μm submucosal invasion without margin involvement in ER specimens. In three of four patients with lymph node metastasis, the depth of submucosal invasion was 500 μm or more; the remaining patient had a 4-cm-sized differentiated mucosal cancer. Conclusions When a pathologic evaluation of an ER specimen reveals more than 500 μm of submucosal invasion or a mucosal cancer of larger than 3 cm, surgery should be considered due to the risk of lymph node metastasis.     

The N Ratio Predicts Recurrence and Poor Prognosis in Patients With Node-Positive Early Gastric Cancer

Background The metastatic status of the regional node is the most significant prognostic factor for early gastric cancer (EGC). However, diverse prognoses are evident even among the same N classifications of the current tumor-node-metastasis system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the ratio of metastatic to retrieved lymph nodes (N ratio) in identifying a high-risk subgroup with node-positive EGC. Methods From a prospective database of 1264 EGC patients between 1987 and 1997, 156 (12.4%) were found to have histologically confirmed node metastasis. A number of prognostic factors, including the N ratio, were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The recurrence rate of node-positive EGC was 16.7% (n = 26). The overall 5-year survival rate of all patients was 84.0%. It was 26.9% and 95.4% in patients with and without recurrence, respectively (P < .0001; log-rank test). The cutoff value of the N ratio was set at .07. The 5-year survival rate of patients with an N ratio <.07 was 94.0%; this was significantly higher than the rate (72.6%) for those with a ratio >.07 (P < .0001; log-rank test). Both univariate and multivariate analysis identified the N ratio as the most significant predictive factor for recurrence and overall survival. Regarding stage migration, it shows superiority in comparison to the number-based N classification. Conclusions The N ratio is a more effective and rational indicator for prognostic stratification of patients with lymph node–positive EGC than the current N classification of the tumor-node-metastasis system.     

Surgical Results of Early Gastric Cancer and Proposing a Treatment Strategy

Background Prognosis for patients with early gastric cancer after surgical resection is excellent. The 5-year or even 10-year survival is more than 90%. In the present study, we investigated the result of treating early gastric cancer surgically in our hospital, with special reference to the risk factor(s) for tumor recurrence and the relationship between age and survival. Patients and Methods From January 1988 to December 2002, a total of 479 patients with early gastric cancer underwent resection by our surgeons. Results of preoperative studies, operative findings, histopathology and postoperative follow-up were recorded respectively, and the postoperative disease-related survival, overall survival, tumor recurrence and recurrent patterns were analyzed. The clinicopathological factors were also analyzed to identify the risk factor(s) related to tumor recurrence. Results Older patients (>75 years old) had a poorer overall survival than younger patients. However, the disease-related survival was not significantly different between the two. Recurrence was observed in 21 patients, the most important factor of which was lymph node status. Lymph node metastases occurred in 54 patients (11.3%)—coming from mucosal tumors in 12 patients (4.4%) and from submucosal tumors in 42 (20.3%). When the size of the mucosal tumor was smaller than 1 cm, no lymph node metastasis was found in our patients. Conclusions The most important risk factor of recurrence in early gastric cancer is lymph node status. Given the low probability of lymph node metastasis and recurrence in tumors less than 1 cm in diameter limited to the mucosa, more limited surgery maybe appropriate in these carefully selected instances.     

Clinical Implication of CXCL12 Expression in Gastric Cancer

PURPOSE: Recent research has revealed that tumor cells expressing chemokine receptors have a crucial impact on patient survival. However, there is no information regarding chemokine expression in gastro-intestinal cancer. This study immunohistochemically investigated CXCL12 expression in gastric cancer and evaluated its association with clinical factors, including patient prognosis. METHOD: A total of 185 gastric cancer patients receiving curative gastrectomy were assessed. CXCL12 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. Tumors with CXCL12-positive cancer cells were regarded as CXCL12 positive, and according to the degree of CXCL12 expression, patients were divided into three groups (weak, 31 cases; moderate, 27 cases; strong, 20 cases). Correlations between CXCL12 expression and clinical factors in gastric cancer were then determined. RESULTS: CXCL12 was found in the cellular membrane of cancer cells. Seventy-four of 185 patients were classified into the CXCL12-positive group. Patients were divided into three groups according to the positivity of CXCL12 expression. Significant associations between CXCL12 and lymph node metastases (p < 0.05), depth of invasion (p < 0.01), lymphatic invasion (p < 0.01), tumor diameter (p < 0.05), and clinical stage (p < 0.01) were seen. Univariate analysis revealed that the CXCL12-positive group had significantly poorer surgical outcome than the CXCL12-negative group (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed CXCL12 to be an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Cancerous CXCL12 positivity was determined to be an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer, with CXCL12-positive gastric cancer showing more-aggressive behavior. Autocrine CXCL12 secretion from tumor cells may activate CXCR-4 on the tumor cells, which may be related to of the viability of distant metastases.     

癌基因C-erbB-2在胃癌组织的表达及临床意义

用兔抗人C-erbB-2抗体对133例人胃癌组织进行了免疫组织化学研究,其中24例呈阳性反应(18.1%).结果显示:C-erbB-2表达阳性者有较好的生物学特性.C-erbB-2基因的过度表达是胃癌恶性程度较低的一个指标,术前组织活检测定C-erbB-2的表达情况,有助于判断胃癌的恶性程度,制订手术切除和淋巴结清扫范围.对86例胃癌患者进行了术后5年随访,统计后发现C-erbB—2阳性的病例比阴性病例有较低的近期死亡率和较高的5年生存率,但无显著性差异(P>0.05).C-erbB-2表达与胃癌预后的关系,有待于在更大的病组中作进一步研究.     

胃癌外科治疗30年回顾

自1958年1月至1987年12月,我院外科共收治胃癌2722例,其中手术2412例(手术率88.6%),切除1720例(切除率71.3%).切除者术后总5年生存率为34.8%.Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅱ、Ⅲa、Ⅲb及Ⅳ期胃癌切除者术后5年生存率分别为98.7%、80.2%、65.7%、44.8%、23.1%及10.8%.随病期趋晚,生存率逐步降低,且各期间差异显著,说明国际胃癌TNM分期法能较好地体现分期与预后理应具备的一致性.若将全组分两个阶段进行分析,则近期组(1984～1987年)5年生存率为41.4%.既往组(1958～1983年)为32.6%.分析还显示5年生存率的提高主要为早、中期病例相对增多所致, 说明早期诊治是提高胃癌生存率的关键.近期组根治性切除术后5年生存率已达61.2%.比较不同根治切除范围(D_1、D_2及D_3术)对各期胃癌的疗效,提示应根据癌肿的部位、分期及生物学特性来制定每一胃癌病例的具体手术方案.     

阿霉素和长春新碱对pRb-胃癌细胞株的影响

目的：探索一种对Rb基因表达异常之胃癌细胞的化疗方案。方法：用Rb-CMV质粒转染Rb表达阴性的胃癌AGS细胞株，然后将25ng/ml阿霉素和100ng/ml长春新碱序贯加入两组细胞，应用MTT、流式细胞技术来测定转染前后此细胞株对序贯用药后的活性及细胞周期变化。结果：预先作用的阿霉素使Rb阳性胃癌AGS细胞阻滞于细胞周期的G1／S期，而不影响Rb阴性胃癌AGS细胞增殖。阿霉素和长春新碱序贯用药对Rb阴性胃癌AGS细胞有显著细胞毒性作用，而对Rb阳性胃癌AGS细胞的毒性作用轻微。结论：由于绝大多数正常组织的Rb是正常表达，而在胃癌中表达大多是阴性，故此联合用药有望用于Rb表达阴性胃癌的治疗。     

残胃癌外科治疗临床分析及再认识

目的分析残胃癌的外科治疗及其临床病理特征,对当前残胃癌外科治疗进行再认识。方法回顾性总结我院2004年1月至2011年3月期间经内镜和病理学检查诊断为残胃癌并行外科治疗的26例患者的临床资料,其中首次疾病为良性的残胃癌(RGCB)者14例,胃癌根治术后残胃癌(RGCC)者12例,对其临床发病、HP感染、手术方式、组织病理学特点及预后因素进行分析。结果 RGCB距第1次胃切除术后的发病时间为15～44年(中位时间为26.3年),RGCC距第1次胃切除术后的发病时间为1~10.5年(中位时间为4.0年),两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病理检测残胃癌的HP感染率为73.1%(19/26),其中RGCB的HP感染率为71.4%(10/14),RGCC的HP感染率为75.0%(9/12),两者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。26例患者均再次进行了手术治疗,其残胃癌手术根治率为46.2%(12/26),其中RGCB根治切除率为57.1%(8/14),RGCC根治切除率为33.3%(4/12),两者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在行根治性切除的12例患者中胃周淋巴结转移以小弯淋巴结转移率最高(83.3%,10/12),其次为空肠系膜淋巴结(33.3%,4/12)和脾门淋巴结(33.3%,4/12)。26例残胃癌术后病理分期:Ⅰ期3例,Ⅱ期2例,Ⅲ期14例,Ⅳ期7例。18例手术切除者术后病理报告提示有13例(72.2%)发生淋巴结转移;明确肿瘤侵犯胰腺或横结肠或脾脏者13例(50.0%);8例有腹膜转移(30.8%),其中RGCB的腹膜转移率为14.3%(2/14),明显低于RGCC的腹膜转移率(50.0%,6/12),P<0.05。全组病例累积1年总体生存率为54.5%,3年生存率为38.5%,生存时间为2～61个月(中位生存时间12个月)。生存分析结果表明,肿瘤的病理分期与是否接受根治性手术为残胃癌患者生存的影响因素(P<0.01),而患者年龄、性别、第1次疾病、病理分化程度以及HP感染均不是影响预后的相关因素(P>0.05);是否接受根治性手术为影响生存的独立预后因素(P<0.05)。结论早期诊断和根治手术是改善残胃癌患者预后的关键因素,腹腔镜探查可减少不必要的外科手术创伤。胃癌术后残胃癌与良性疾病后残胃癌在临床特点上不同,临床处理仍需区别对待。