瘦素与老年患者胰岛素抵抗和胰岛功能的相关性

目的:探讨瘦素是否与老年患者包括临床糖尿病(DM)、糖耐量减低(IGT)、空腹血糖调节受损(IFG)类型胰岛素抵抗和胰岛功能等指标相关联.方法:选择临床2型糖尿病患者40例(T2DM组),IGT患者30例(IGT组),IFG患者30例(IFG组)和正常对照组30例,检测各组循环瘦素、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖、空腹胰岛素(FINs)、餐后2 h胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、C-肽等指标,用稳态模式(Homa Model)公式评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛β细胞功能指数.结果:T2DM组、IGT组和IFG组瘦素水平(*9滋g)分别为4.27 ± 1.82、4.15 ± 1.96、4.19 ± 1.9,高于正常对照组的2.43 ± 0.31;HOMA-IR数值分别为3.48 ± 0.84、3.01 ± 0.67、3.24 ± 0.26,高于正常对照组的1.23 ± 0.42;FINs、FPG、C-肽、HbA1c均高于正常对照组(P ＜ 0.01);T2DM组、IGT组和IFG组在校正胰岛素抵抗后的胰岛细胞功能分别为178 ± 49、165 ± 59、170 ± 52,低于正常对照组的346 ± 54.多元逐步回归分析显示:FPG、FINS、C-肽、HbA1c、瘦素水平是影响HOMA-IR的独立危险因素.结论:老年患者循环瘦素水平的升高是胰岛素抵抗和胰岛*9茁细胞功能缺陷的危险因素.     

糖尿病患者HbA1c与空腹血糖联合测定的临床意义

目的探讨糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和空腹血糖（FPG）联合测定的临床意义。方法使用DREW-DS5全自动糖化血红蛋白分析仪检测HbA1c,HITACHI 7060全自动生化分析仪检测FPG,对其相关性进行分析。结果通过对227例门诊患者同时测定HbA1c和FPG,确诊了38例糖尿病患者。其中19例FPG正常,HbA1c异常,经OGTT或餐后2h血糖复查,最后确诊11例为Ⅱ型糖尿病患者;33例FPG和HbA1c均异常的患者,经OGTT或餐后2h血糖复查确诊27例糖尿病患者。38例确诊患者的平均血糖值与HbA1c密切相关,两者之间的关系为：HbA1c增加1％,平均血糖值增加1．33～1．61mmol／L,HbA1c与平均血糖值的最佳符合点在餐后2h,FPG的相关性最差。结论HbA-C对糖尿病的筛选较FPG有更高的敏感性,对糖尿病的诊断和长期血糖水平的监控和观察有重要意义,可作为轻症、Ⅱ型糖尿病的早期诊断指标。     

糖尿病患者围手术期用胰岛素泵控制血糖的临床观察

目的：探讨胰岛素泵对糖尿病患者围手术期控制血糖的疗效。方法：对78例择期手术的糖尿病患者分别应用胰岛素泵持续皮下输注胰岛素（CSII组,37例）和常规皮下注射胰岛素（对照组,41例）控制血糖。另外13例急诊手术者均行CSII控制血糖。结果：择期手术中,CSII组入院时空腹血糖（FBG）15.3±2.4mmol.L^-1,餐后2h血糖（PG2h）19.6±4.1mmol.L^-1,糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）9.02±2.12%。对照组入院时FBG14.3±2.68mmol.L^-1,PG2h19.2±3.2mmol.L^-1,HbA1c8.93±1.98%。两组方法均能显著降低空腹以及餐后血糖,与对照组比较,CSII组血糖达标时间、胰岛素用量均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,CSII组能更迅速控制血糖。另外还有13例急诊手术者通过随时血糖监测调整基础率以及临时给予大剂量冲击后,血糖在数小时内由18.13±3.56mmol.L^-1下降到可接受手术的血糖水平（8～10mmol.L^-1）。除2例出现低血糖先兆经对症处理后缓解外,无一例发生低血糖昏迷、酮症酸中毒、高渗性昏迷等严重并发症。结论：与常规皮下注射胰岛素相比,胰岛素泵治疗对围手术期糖尿病患者具有平稳、快速、安全降低血糖的作用。     

糖化血红蛋白检测在糖尿病中的诊断价值

目的探讨糖尿病(DM)应用糖尿血红蛋白(HbA1c)进行诊断的临床价值。方法回顾性分析总参军训部二管处门诊部2010年5月至2012年5月门诊进行体检的糖尿病80例患者与同期进行体检的92例健康人的空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、HbA1c。结果经检测观察组患者空腹血糖为(10.18±3.87)mmoL/L、餐后2h血糖为(16.23±8.92)mmoL/L、HbA1c为9.03%±2.26%,明显高于健康对照组[空腹血糖为(4.67±0.49)mmoL/L、餐后2h血糖为(6.17±2.04)mmoL/L、HbA1c为4.75%±0.68%]。且当HbA1c值6.15%时,特异性及灵敏性均较高,是最佳的DM诊断界点,此时的诊断准确性最好,漏诊及误诊率均较低。结论 HbA1c对DM患者的早期诊断和疗效评估起着重要的作用,值得临床广泛推广和应用。     

丽江地区2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白相关因素分析

目的 探讨高原状态下2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、血红蛋白的相关关系,了解HbA1c的影响因素及血红蛋白变化对血糖和HbA1c的影响.方法 选择居住在丽江市(海拔2420 m)5年以上且用药治疗3个月以上未做调整的2型糖尿病患者101例,静脉采血测定空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖,同时测定HbA1c和血红蛋白,对HbA1c与空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、血红蛋白进行散点图、Pearson相关分析及回归分析;对高血红蛋白组和正常血红蛋白组之间的空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、HbA1c进行比较.结果 HbA1c与空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.82(P ＜0.001)和0.29 (P=0.003),HbA1c与空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖的回归方程为Y=2.674+0.52X1 +0.018X2;HbA1c与血红蛋白无明显相关(r=-0.06,P=0.551).不同浓度的血红蛋白组之间空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、HbA1c比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 影响HbA1c的主要因素是空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖,血红蛋白对空腹、餐后2h血糖和HbA1c无明显影响.     

老年冠心病患者糖代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗调查

目的对既往未诊断糖尿病（DM）的住院老年冠心病患者进行糖代谢及胰岛素抵抗情况的调查,并对不同糖代谢状况患者的糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和24 h尿蛋白定量进行比较分析,为以后的临床干预打下基础。方法 356例老年冠心病患者,年龄均在60岁以上,空腹抽血查空腹血糖、胰岛素、HbA1c。行简化糖耐量试验（OGTT）,查餐后2 h血糖。留24 h尿进行尿蛋白定量。根据2003年美国糖尿病协会（ADA）标准判断患者的糖代谢状况,计算糖代谢异常者的比率。对不同糖代谢状况的患者进行血糖、胰岛素、HbA1c和24 h尿蛋白量比较。结果 356例既往未诊断DM的老年冠心病病人中,新发现DM 26例,占总观察数的7.3%,发现糖调节受损（IGR）61例,总的糖代谢异常发生率达25.0%。不同糖代谢状态的病人其空腹血糖和餐后2 h血糖的水平存在明显差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。正常糖代谢（NG）组空腹胰岛素低于IGR组和DM组,同时胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）也低于其他两组,而β细胞功能指数（HOMAβ）则高于糖代谢异常组（P〈0.01）。而DM组的空腹胰岛素水平、HOMA-IR、HOMAβ也和IGR组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。糖代谢正常的老年冠心病患者的HbA1c和另两组的患者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,而IGR组和DM组患者也有差别（P〈0.05）。24 h尿蛋白量在3组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论在老年冠心病患者中有较高的糖代谢异常发生率。糖代谢异常患者的胰岛素抵抗也较糖代谢正常的患者明显,HOMAβ下降。部分病人的高血糖状态已持续较长时间,有些患者已有早期肾功能的改变。     

不同糖耐量人群及糖尿病患者红细胞寿命与糖化血红蛋白、胰岛β细胞功能关系研究

目的：探究不同糖耐量人群及糖尿病患者红细胞寿命与糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、胰岛?茁细胞功能的关系。方法：选取2017年10月~2020年3月于医院内分泌科检查的66例患者为研究对象,按75 g葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）结果分为正常组20例、糖调节受损（IGR）组24例和2型糖尿病（T2DM）组22例,比较三组红细胞寿命、HbA1c水平及胰岛?茁细胞功能相关指标,并分析红细胞寿命与各指标的关系。结果：三组红细胞寿命、HbA1c、空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 h PBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、餐后2 h胰岛素（2 h INS）、胰岛?茁细胞功能指数（HOMA-IR）及胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-?茁）比较,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;IGR组、T2DM组红细胞寿命、HOMA-?茁明显低于正常组（P＜0.05）,且T2DM组低于IGR组（P＜0.05）,但IGR组、T2DM组HbA1c、FBG、2 h PBG、FINS、2 h INS及HOMA-IR明显高于正常组（P＜0.05）,且T2DM组高于IGR组（P＜0.05）;红细胞寿命与HbA1c、FBG、2 h PBG、FINS、2 h INS、HOMA-?茁呈负相关（r=-0.621、-0.491、-0.721、-0.752、-0.714、-0.884,P＜0.05）,与HOMA-IR呈正相关（r=0.861,P＜0.05）。结论：正常人群红细胞寿命明显高于IGR和T2DM患者,红细胞寿命与人体HbA1c水平及胰岛?茁细胞功能相关指标具有相关性。     

早发2型糖尿病家系一级亲属血清尿酸水平的横断面研究

目的研究尿酸在2型糖尿病发生发展中不同阶段的变化规律和相关因素。方法对200个早发2型糖尿病家系(至少一个患者在40岁前被诊断)的249例既往无糖耐量异常的2型糖尿病患者的一级亲属,进行口服75克葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT),并检测糖化血红蛋白(HbA,c)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—C)、尿酸(SUA)和肌酐(SCr),测量体质量指数(BMI)和腰臀比(WHR);用稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA—IR)评估胰岛素抵抗,胰岛8细胞功能指数(HOMA-8)评估8细胞胰岛素基础分泌,采用OGTT中空腹和30分钟胰岛素血糖差值的比值(△130／△G30)评价胰岛素早期分泌,用△130／△G30／HOMAIR评估处置指数(desposition index,DI)。结果①总共50例新诊断糖尿病(DM),58例被诊断为空腹血糖受损(IFG)和(或)糖耐量减低(IGT),统称糖调节受损(IGR),141例OGTT和HbA1c均正常(NGT);②DM、IGR和NGT组间尿酸差异无统计学意义,但DM组HOMA-β、△130／△G30、DI显著低于IGR和NGT组,HOMAIR高于IGR和NGT组;DM和IGR组的BMI、WHR、OGTT2小时胰岛素显著高于NGT组;DM组的HDL—c显著低于而TG显著高于NGT和IGR组;③将141例NGT者按HbA1c中位数(5．4％)分组后比较发现,高HbA1c组与低HbA1c组的尿酸水平差异无统计学意义,但高HbA1c组HOMAIR、空腹胰岛素水平、BMI已经显著高于低HbA1c组;④在NGT组,调整年龄、BMI、血压、TG后,男性的尿酸水平仍高于女性;⑤在所有的个体中,Pearson相关分析发现,不论男性还是女性,血尿酸与BMI、WHR、甘油三酯、空腹胰岛素、HOMAIR、和Scr正相关;逐步多元回归分析,发现SCr、BMI、性别、TG是影响血清尿酸的独立因素。结论本研究没有观察到血尿酸水平在2型糖尿病发生的不同阶段显著性变化,尿酸变化并不是2型糖尿病前期的病理生理改变,它的改变可能发生在体质量增加、胰岛素分泌和敏感性下降后,Scr、性别、BMI、TG是影响尿酸水平的独立因素。     

不同糖耐量人群及糖尿病患者红细胞寿命与糖化血红蛋白、胰岛β细胞功能的关系研究

目的 探究不同糖耐量人群及糖尿病患者红细胞寿命与糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、胰岛β细胞功能的关系。方法 选取2017年10月～2020年3月于本院内分泌科检查的66例患者临床资料,按75g葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）将其分为正常组20例,糖调节受损（IGR）组24例和2型糖尿病（T2DM）组22例,比较三组红细胞寿命、HbA1c及胰岛β细胞功能相关功能差异,并分析红细胞寿命与各指标指标的关系。结果 三组红细胞寿命、HbA1c、空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、餐后2h胰岛素（2hINS）、胰岛β细胞功能指数（HOMA-IR）及胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-β）比较存在显著差异,具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,IGR组、T2DM组红细胞寿命、HOMA-IR明显低于正常组（P＜0.05）,且T2DM组低于IGR组（P＜0.05）,但IGR组、T2DM组HbA1c、FBG、2hPBG、FINS、2hINS及HOMA-β明显高于正常组（P＜0.05）,且T2DM组高于IGR组（P＜0.05）;红细胞寿命与HbA1c、FBG、2hPBG、FINS、2hINS、HOMA-β呈负相关（r=-0.621,-0.491,-0.721,-0.752,-0.884,P＜0.05）,与HOMA-IR呈正相关（r=0.861,P＜0.05）。结论 正常人群红细胞寿命明显高于IGR和T2DM患者,且红细胞寿命与人体HbA1c水平及胰岛β细胞功能相关指标具有相关性。     

甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗初诊2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的探讨首次诊断2型糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的疗效。方法 54例初诊的2型糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗12周,比较治疗前后空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及低血糖发生率。结果治疗12周后,所有患者空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖及HbA1c均控制在比较理想的水平,低血糖发生率低,未见严重不良反应。结论对于初诊2型糖尿病患者,应用精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗是一种安全有效的治疗方案。     

Differences in cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion in individuals with normal glucose tolerance and in subjects with impaired glucose regulation: the Telde Study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cardiovascular risk profile, the degree of insulin resistance, and beta-cell secretion in a cohort of subjects with different categories of impaired glucose regulation (IGR): impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and combined IFG/IGT. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 902 nondiabetic subjects between 30 and 80 years of age, recruited from a cross-sectional population-based study in Telde, Gran Canaria Island, Spain. Categories of glucose tolerance were defined according to 2003 modified American Diabetes Association criteria. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the presence of the metabolic syndrome, and indirect measures of both insulin resistance and beta-cell function were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 132 (14.6%) participants had isolated IFG, 59 (6.5%) isolated IGT, and 48 (5.3%) combined IFG/IGT. Groups with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and combined IFG/IGT had, respectively, the most favorable and unfavorable levels of cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic syndrome rates, and measures of insulin resistance. Subjects with IFG and IGT showed an intermediate profile between NGT and IFG/IGT categories. We found no significant differences between IFG and IGT in cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic syndrome prevalence, or insulin resistance. The IFG group exhibited a more impaired insulin secretion than those with IGT or IFG/IGT. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with IGR, especially those with IFG/IGT, have increased values of cardiovascular risk factors and higher indexes of insulin resistance. Groups with isolated IFG and isolated IGT present similar cardiovascular risk profiles. Subjects with IFG are characterized by more defective beta-cell function than other forms of IGR.     

老年高血压患者血糖与颈动脉内膜中层厚度及动脉弹性的相关性

摘要 目的 探讨老年高血压患者血糖变化对颈动脉内膜中层厚度和动脉弹性的影响是否有叠加作用。方法 82例老年高血压患者根据糖耐量试验分成糖耐量正常组（NGT组）、空腹血糖受损组（IFG组）、糖耐量减低组（IGT组）和糖尿病组（DM组），26例健康体检者作为对照组（NC组）。通过超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT），用动脉硬化检测仪测量颈-股动脉脉搏波的传导速度（PWV）。结果 老年高血压患者IMT、PWV显著高于健康对照者。由NGT组到IFG组、IGT组、DM组，IMT、PWV逐渐增加，IFG组IGT组间无显著性差异。在无血糖紊乱的情况下，脉压和年龄是影响IMT、PWV的主要因素。当存在糖代谢异常时，糖化血红蛋白、餐后2小时血糖可影响IMT、PWV。结论 老年高血压患者，IMT增厚，动脉弹性降低。血糖代谢异常加重了老年高血压患者IMT增厚及动脉弹性的减退，使其心血管并发病的风险加大。     

Cardiometabolic risk in impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

OBJECTIVE: We compared and contrasted cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, subclinical manifestations of CVD, incident coronary heart disease (CHD), and all-cause mortality by categories of impaired glucose regulation in nondiabetic individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included 6,888 participants aged 52-75 years who had no history of diabetes or CVD. All-cause mortality and incident CHD were ascertained over a median of 6.3 years of follow-up. RESULTS: Agreement between fasting and postchallenge glucose impairment was poor: 3,048 subjects (44%) had neither impaired fasting glucose (IFG) nor impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 1,690 (25%) had isolated IFG, 1,000 (14%) had isolated IGT, and 1,149 (17%) had both IFG and IGT. After adjustment for age, sex, race, and center, subjects with isolated IFG were more likely to smoke, consume alcohol, and had higher mean BMI, waist circumference, LDL cholesterol, and fasting insulin and lower HDL cholesterol than those with isolated IGT, while subjects with isolated IGT had higher mean triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and white cell counts. Measures of subclinical CVD and rates of all-cause mortality and incident CHD were similar in isolated IFG and isolated IGT. CONCLUSIONS: Neither isolated IFG nor isolated IGT was associated with a more adverse CVD risk profile.     

Medical care costs one year after identification of hyperglycemia below the threshold for diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the resource utilization and medical costs of patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or both, in a real-world clinical setting. METHODS: We used fasting and random glucose test results and a previously validated predictive equation to identify glycemic status in 26,111 nondiabetic patients, assigning them to categories of normoglycemia, isolated IFG (I-IFG), isolated IGT (I-IGT), or IFG with possible IGT (IFG/IGT). We then calculated and compared mean annual medical resource utilization and age/sex-adjusted costs over the ensuing 12-month period. RESULTS: I-IGT patients incurred significantly greater age- and sex-adjusted total costs in the observation year compared with normoglycemic and I-IFG patients (both comparisons, P < 0.001). IFG/IGT patients also had significantly greater age- and sex-adjusted total costs in the observation year compared with normoglycemic and I-IFG patients (P < 0.001, both comparisons). In both cases, the differences were driven by significantly greater inpatient costs-20.3% of patients with I-IGT and 17.1% with IFG/IGT were hospitalized during the observation year, whereas approximately 12% of normoglycemic and I-IFG patients had an admission (all comparisons, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal glucose tolerance, in particular, IGT, is associated with excess medical care costs relative to normoglycemia. Preventing progression to diabetes, when costs are known to be dramatically greater, would likely provide substantial economic benefit. More research is needed to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia-related complications at elevated glucose levels below the diabetic threshold and the associated costs of those complications.     

减少样本量的静脉葡萄糖耐量试验检测胰岛素抵抗状态

目的运用减少样本量的静脉葡萄糖耐量试验（frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test,FSIGT）对不同糖耐量受试者的胰岛素抵抗状态进行检测。方法2008年6月—2009年6月,我们选取了160例不同糖耐量状态的非糖尿病患者,分为正常糖耐量组（NGT）、空腹血糖异常组（IFG）、糖耐量减退组（IGT）及（IFG＋IGT）组,通过口服糖耐量试验评价其糖耐量状态,运用基于Bergman最小模型技术的减少样本量的FSIGT评价受试者的胰岛素抵抗程度。结果4组对象的年龄、体质指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、收缩压、舒张压、吸烟史和血脂参数各组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,各组由FSIGT获得的胰岛素抵抗指数（FSIGT-ISI）值显示,虽IFG、IGT及IFG＋IGT组均低于NGT组,但仅IGT组其值显著低于NGT组,具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论应用FSIGT进行人群中胰岛素抵抗状态检测,对于IGT的筛查、早期诊断糖尿病及尽早采取预防措施具有重要的指导意义。     

The significance of impaired fasting glucose versus impaired glucose tolerance: importance of insulin secretion and resistance

OBJECTIVE: The American Diabetes Association recommended substituting 2hBS (glycemia at the second hour of an oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]) for fasting blood glucose (FBS) in screening for glucose intolerance. It is debated whether these tests measure the same abnormality and relate to defective insulin secretion or resistance. This study examines the diagnostic effectiveness of FBS versus 2hBS and their relationship with insulin secretion and resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Based on history or physical findings suggesting glucose intolerance, we enrolled 398 unselected subjects admitted to a general Internal Medicine ward. After 5 days of a weight-maintaining diet, FBS, 2hBS, and insulin were measured during OGTT. The homeostatic model assessment was used to assess beta-cell function and insulin resistance. RESULTS: Excluding 19 patients with diabetes (5%), we identified 284 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 22 with isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 59 with isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 14 with associated IFG/IGT. The sensitivity of FBS in predicting 2hBS was 19%, specificity 93%. Positive and negative predictive values were 39% and 83%, respectively. Insulin resistance was absent in NGT and IFG and markedly elevated in IGT and IFG/IGT, whereas defective insulin release was significant only in isolated IFG. CONCLUSIONS: In unselected patients, elevated FBS depends primarily on defective insulin secretion, and impaired 2hBS on insulin resistance. Because these tests measure different alterations, they are useful in combination.     

探讨糖尿病前期患者血浆IL-18、PAI-1水平变化与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的探讨血浆白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)水平变化与Ⅱ型糖尿病发病危险因素的关系.方法 设立健康人对照(NGT)组、糖耐量减低( IGT )组、空腹血糖受损合并糖耐量减低(IFG/IGT)组,每组各100例.测定各受试者血浆 IL-18、PAI-1、血清空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖,应用稳态模型评估法评价胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR).结果 IGT组、IFG/IGT组血浆 IL-18、PAI-1 水平均高于NGT组(P<0.01).IFG/IGT组血浆 IL-18、PAI-1 水平均高于IGT组(P<0.05).相关分析显示IL-18、PAI-1 水平与空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、HOMA-IR呈正相关(P<0.01).结论血浆 IL-18、PAI-1 水平升高可能是加重糖尿病前期患者胰岛素抵抗的危险因素;在糖尿病前期,IL-18、PAI-1可能参与了Ⅱ型糖尿病的发生、发展.     

老年人不同糖耐量状态胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能的研究

目的观察老年人群中空腹血糖受损(IFG)、糖耐量受损(IGT)和糖调节受损(IFG/IGT)三种不同糖耐量状态下的胰岛素抵抗(IR)和胰岛β细胞功能的变化,了解其发病机制。方法筛选60~75岁的IFG40例,IGT60例,IGT/IFG40例,正常糖耐量(NGT)70例。HOMA-IR评价胰岛素抵抗,HBC I和I30/G30分别评价基础及糖负荷后早期胰岛β细胞功能。结果(1)HOMA-IR:IFG、IFG/IGT和IGT组明显高于NGT组,P<0.01,IFG/IGT组高于IFG和IGT组,P<0.01;(2)HBC I:IFG组和IFG/IGT组明显低于NGT和IGT组,P<0.01;(3)I30/G30:IGT组和IFG/IGT组明显低于NGT组及IFG组,P<0.01。结论老年人群IFG主要表现基础状态下β细胞功能受损伴有胰岛素抵抗,IGT主要表现为早期胰岛素分泌缺陷,IFG/IGT胰岛β细胞早期胰岛素分泌功能受损更明显,胰岛素抵抗更严重。     

Prevalence and risk factors of neuropathic pain in survivors of myocardial infarction with pre‐diabetes and diabetes. The KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry

The lowest glycemic threshold for and the risk factors associated with neuropathic pain have not been established. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of neuropathic pain in survivors of myocardial infarction with diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Subjects aged 25–74 years with diabetes (n=214) and controls matched for age and sex (n=212) from the population‐based KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) Myocardial Infarction Registry were assessed for neuropathic pain by the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument using its pain‐relevant questions and an examination score cutpoint >2. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in the controls. Among the controls, 61 (28.8%) had IGT (either isolated or combined with IFG), 70 (33.0%) had isolated IFG, and 81 had NGT. The prevalence of neuropathic pain was 21.0% in the diabetic subjects, 14.8% in those with IGT, 5.7% in those with IFG, and 3.7% in those with NGT (overall p<0.001). In the entire population studied (n=426), age, waist circumference, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and diabetes were independent factors significantly associated with neuropathic pain, while in the diabetic group it was waist circumference, physical activity, and PAD (all p<0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence of neuropathic pain is relatively high among survivors of myocardial infarction with diabetes and IGT compared to those with isolated IFG and NGT. Associated cardiovascular risk factors including abdominal obesity and low physical activity may constitute targets to prevent neuropathic pain in this population.     

Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in women with prior gestational diabetes are associated with a different cardiovascular profile

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of cardiovascular risk factors to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 838 women with prior GDM. Postpartum glucose tolerance status was classified as normal, IFG, IGT, IFG plus IGT, and diabetes according to the World Health Organization criteria. Postpartum BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceride, cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol were assessed. RESULTS: BMI and blood pressure were significantly higher in women with IFG than in women with normal glucose status. BMI and waist circumference were significantly higher in women with IFG plus IGT than in women with normal glucose status. No differences were observed between women with IGT and normal glucose status. The prevalence of hypertension and obesity was significantly increased in IFG compared with normal glucose status. The prevalence of obesity and abnormal lipids was significantly increased in IFG plus IGT compared with normal glucose status. IGT showed no increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors have a stronger association with isolated IFG than with isolated IGT in women with prior GDM.