抗精神病药单用与结合心理社会干预对非慢性精神分裂症患者一年结局的影响

目的 比较抗精神病药单用与结合心理社会干预对非慢性精神分裂症患者1年结局的影响.方法 多中心随机对照研究,将1239例病程≤5年、稳定期的精神分裂症患者随机分为单纯药物治疗组(以下简称药物组,635例)和药物结合心理社会干预组(以下简称干预组,604例)治疗随访1年.心理社会干预包括健康教育、家庭干预、技能训练及认知行为治疗.主要结局指标为各种原因造成的治疗中断率、疾病复发率和再入院率;次要结局指标为自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)、健康状况问卷(SF-36)、大体评定量表(GAS)和社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)评分的变化.结果 (1)干预组和药物组总的治疗中断率分别为32.8%和46.8%[相对危险度(RR)=1.61],复发率分别为13.8%和21.3%(RR=1.76),再入院率分别为6.5%和11.2%(RR=1.99),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01～0.05).(2)干预组ITAQ总分变化值[(4.7±0.1)分]、6项SF-36因子分改善值、GAS总分变化值[(6.9±0.2)分]、SDSS总分变化值[(1.5±0.1)分]均明显高于药物组[分别为(1.5±0.1)分、(3.7±0.2)分、(1.0±0.1)分;P均<0.01～0.05].结论 抗精神病药结合心理社会干预治疗非慢性精神分裂症患者,中断率、复发率和再入院率均低于单用抗精神病药患者,自知力、治疗依从性、生活质量、社会功能的改善优于单用抗精神病药患者.     

精神分裂症患者抗精神病药维持治疗的剂量--读者来信

编辑先生: 精神分裂症患者经第二代抗精神病药治疗缓解后为预防复发,以原用药物作维持治疗,剂量以多大为宜?过去用第一代抗精神病药治疗后的维持治疗剂量,若缓解较好,多认为以原药物急性期治疗最大量的1/3～1/2较妥.     

抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者体重的影响

目的 为了探讨抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者体重的影响。方法 295例服用抗精神病药的精神分裂症患者进行了临床调查。结果 67．12％患者出现体重增加；体重增加从多到少的药物依次是氯氮平、奥氮平、氯氮平合并利培酮、氯丙嗪、利培酮、氯氮平合并舒必利；氯氮平、氯丙嗪、利培酮体重增加较人组前有显著差异；女性患者、初次服抗精神病药者、合并心境稳定剂者体重增加亦明显。结论 大部分抗精神病药可导致体重增加，应在治疗前及治疗中定期进行体重监测。     

精神分裂症住院患者使用抗精神病药现状

目的：调查精神分裂症住院患者抗精神病药使用现状。方法：样本采取整群入组，横断面调查方法．符合国际疾病分类第10版精神分裂症诊断标准的患者，共503例，调查其用药情况。结果：临床药物治疗以单一用药为主(占90．9％)，氯氮平使用比例较高(占30．2％)；首次发病及病程短于5年的患者使用新型抗精神病药相对较多(分别为20．7％及31．5％)。结论：传统抗精神病药物仍为目前的主流治疗药，使用新型抗精神病药所占比例远低于发达国家。临床医生在选择氯氮平时，对躯体情况缺乏关注。     

抗精神病药与帕罗西汀联合治疗精神分裂症的有效性和安全性分析

目的探讨抗精神病药联合帕罗西汀治疗精神分裂症的临床价值,并分析其安全性。方法将我院精神科2011年1月至2014年10月期间收治的92例精神分裂症平均分成观察组和对照组,观察组采用抗精神病药联合帕罗西汀治疗,对照组近采用抗精神病药治疗。对比两组患者治疗前及治疗2周、4周、8周和12周的临床疗效和副反应发生情况。结果观察组患者治疗8周、12周后的PANSS评分及阴性症状评分明显优于对照组(P<0.01),总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),两组之间的副反应发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论抗精神病药联合帕罗西汀治疗精神分裂症患者的临床效果明显,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

非典型抗精神病药治疗精神分裂症的评价(一)

精神分裂症是一组严重的精神疾病,虽然发病率不高,但因症状持续,起病于青壮年而导致较高的患病率和严重的功能损害而常危及家庭和社会。直到1952年临床实践中发现氯丙嗪具有抗精神病疗效和改善精神分裂症患者的精神症状,才开始了精神分裂症等精神病性障碍的现代治疗。之后的30多年间,氯丙嗪、氟哌啶醇等一直应用于临床,并称之为“经典抗精神病药（classic antlpsychotics）”,     

住院精神分裂症患者抗精神病药使用情况比较

为了解我院精神分裂症住院患者抗精神病药（APD）10年前后使用变迁状况,对不同年代的用药进行了调查,现将结果分析如下.     

住院精神分裂症患者抗精神病药使用现状

目的调查2010年7所精神疾病专科医院住院精神分裂症患者抗精神病药(APD)使用现状。方法以2010年7月12至14日为时点调查日,对全国5省市7所精神疾病专科医院的1024例精神分裂症住院患者使用自制调查表进行APD使用的现况调查。结果 (1)1024例患者中,男652例(63.7%),女372例(36.3%)。(2)1010例(98.6%)患者接受了APD治疗,药物使用频率依次为:利培酮378例次(36.9%)、氯氮平295例次(28.8%)、奎硫平118例次(11.5%)、阿立哌唑101例次(9.9%)、氯丙嗪78例次(7.6%)齐拉西酮64例次(6.3%)、奋乃静59例次(5.8%)、奥氮平59例次(5.8%)、舒必利56例次(5.5%)。(2)非典型APD的使用频率为87.7%;典型APD的使用频率为22.8%;3.03%的患者接受了长效药物治疗。(3)72.36%的患者接受了单一抗精神病药治疗;26.27%的患者联合使用2种或2种以上APD。(4)合用药物主要是抗胆碱能药(25.00%)、苯二氮类药物(20.61%)、β-受体阻滞剂(19.34%)和心境稳定剂(11.72%),主要用于控制不良反应或增效治疗。结论非典型APD已经成为我国治疗精神分裂症的主流药物,APD的使用比较合理规范,但尚有不足。     

抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响

目的：比较非经典抗精神病药奎硫平、奥氮平、氯氮平与经典抗精神病药氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响。方法：对160例住院精神分裂症患者随机开放分配接受奎硫平、奥氮平、氯氮平和氯丙嗪药物治疗。12周的急性期治疗后,获得临床稳定期的患者[阳性与阴性量表（PANSS）总分≤60或减分率／〉50％]进入固定剂量的24周治疗。分别在基线、治疗12周和24周进行威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）、言语流畅性测验、霍普金斯词语学习测验（HVLT-R）、持续操作功能测验（CPT）、韦克斯勒记忆测定（WMS）、韦克斯勒智能测定（WAIS）、连线试验测定、手指叩击试验测定。结果：奎硫平组、奥氮平组、氯氮平组治疗12周和24周后认知功能均有不同程度的改善（P均〈0．05）,明显优于氯丙嗪,而氯丙嗪组无显著改善。治疗12周后奎硫平组在改善执行功能、言语流畅性和警觉性显著优于奥氮平组和氯氮平组（P〈0．05）。奥氮平组在数字特征和连线测定上明显优于氯氮平组（P〈0．05）。3种非经典抗精神病药在认知功能总分的改善与PANSS总分、阴性症状分的改善有显著相关性（r=-0．32,P〈0．05）。结论：3种非经典抗精神病药奎硫平、奥氮平、氯氮平可不同程度改善精神分裂症患者的认知功能。     

民政医院精神分裂症患者抗精神病药使用现状

目的:调查民政医院精神分裂症住院患者抗精神病药(APD)的使用现状及影响因素。方法:以2005年2月20至23日为时点调查日,对全国13所不同省份的民政医院精神分裂症住院患者进行抽样调查。结果:①在1401例患者中,收容患者832例(59.4%),收费患者569例(40.6%),二者比较,收容患者男性比例高、年龄大、住院时间长(P均<0.01);②使用频率在前7位的药物依次是氯氮平、氯丙嗪、奋乃静、舒必利、氟哌啶醇、利培酮、奎硫平;③接受单一APD治疗932例(67.5%),联合使用2种及以上APD449例(32.5%);使用典型APD960例(69.5%),使用非典型APD(包括氯氮平)802例(58.1%),接受长效APD25例(1.8%)。结论:民政医院精神分裂症住院患者使用APD仍以典型APD为主,付费方式、经济负担和患者症状对精神药物的选择影响较大。     

Factors affecting treatment discontinuation and treatment outcome in patients with schizophrenia in Korea: 10-year follow-up study

Objective

There have been few long-term studies that have assessed factors influencing treatment discontinuation and long-term outcome of schizophrenia in Korea. The present study aimed to evaluate factors affecting treatment discontinuation and treatment outcome, after 10 years, in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

Among hospitalized patients between 1997 and 1999, 191 patients were given continuous follow-up service. We examined the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients who remained in treatment. Regression analyses were used to find any clinical factors affecting treatment discontinuation.

Results

One hundred thirty-three patients (71.12%) discontinued the treatment. The treatment retention group contained more female patients, paranoid-type patients, patients who had shown self-harming behavior, patients receiving clozapine, and patients with good medication compliance. The recovery rate was 25%. However, 42.3% did not have gainful employment. Further, most patients couldn''t live independently.

Conclusion

The results show the importance of gender, patient behavior, medication, and medication compliance in predicting treatment discontinuation in patients with schizophrenia.     

Prevalence of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders: an 8-year follow-up study in chronic schizophrenia inpatients

Background: Atypical antipsychotic drug use by schizophrenia patients in Estonia increased from 32% in 2004 to 61% in 2009.

Aims: To assess the prevalence of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders in the Estonian institutionalized population of schizophrenia patients twice over a period of eight years, before and after introduction of atypical antipsychotic drugs using DSM-IV criteria.

Methods: DSM-IV criteria and specific rating scales were used to evaluate the prevalence of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders among 72 patients who participated in the study in 2009 compared to 99 patients who participated in 2001.

Results: Despite increased use of atypical antipsychotics in the study population (up to 30% from 20%), the proportion of movement disorder-free population remained the same over 8 years – 38.9% in 2001 versus 38.4% in 2009. There were significant intra-individual fluctuations. Use of a typical antipsychotic resulted in an almost seven times higher risk of tardive dyskinesia after 8 years. Doses of antipsychotic drugs had no effect on the severity of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders.

Conclusions: Unfortunately, in 18% of patients the switch of medication from typical to atypical did not change the overall prevalence of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders in the group. The long-term benefit of atypical antipsychotics requires further research in patients who are treated with antipsychotics for years.     

Needs for care and effectiveness of mental health care provision for schizophrenic patients in two European regions: a comparison between Granada (Spain) and Mannheim (Germany)

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to develop an indicator for comparing the effectiveness of community mental health care across different areas, and to compare the effectiveness of care for schizophrenic patients in two European regions. METHOD: In a long-term follow-up, service utilization, needs for care and met needs of schizophrenic patients were assessed. An indicator of effectiveness of care was calculated for each region and compared. RESULTS: Patients in Mannheim received much more intervention in all types of mental health care. Despite differing utilization patterns, the indicator of effectiveness of care revealed no differences in the area of symptoms and behaviour problems between the two regions, while significant differences in the area of skills and abilities of patients were detected. CONCLUSION: We succeeded in defining a measure that describes effectiveness of mental health care in terms of the long-term relationship between needs and unmet needs of patients. Our results contribute to an evidence-based discussion of the improvement of community mental health care networks.     

Utilization of psychiatric in-patient care among new patients in a comprehensive community-care system: a 3-year follow-up study

Utilization of psychiatric in-patient care among 537 new patients was studied in the Department of Psychiatry in Oulu, Finland, during a 3-year follow-up period. Hospitalization during the second and third years of the follow-up was predicted by hospitalization and number of emergency out-patient contacts during the first year of the study, diagnosis of functional psychosis or personality disorder, and previous in-patient care. In total, 5% of the cohort fulfilled our criteria for ‘revolving-door’ patients. The ‘revolving-door’ phenomenon was associated with in-patient care at the first contact with the psychiatric services and diagnosis of psychosis or personality disorder. In total, 2% of the cohort became long-stay hospital patients, and this was predicted by psychosis diagnosis. The clinical implications of these findings are that increased attention should be paid to the first assessment of new patients and to the interaction between psychiatric services and patients during the first year of care.     

Comparative double-blind study of flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in the treatment of patients relapsing in a schizophrenic symptomatology

Thirty-two chronic schizophrenics who had relapsed entered a double-blind randomised study and were followed-up for 2 years with the intention of measuring any difference in therapeutic effect and side effects between flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate. No differences could be seen as regards the global effect or the effect on the schizophrenic symptomatology during the first 6 months. After 1 year of treatment flupenthixol decanoate showed a trend towards a better effect on schizophrenic symptomatology. A corresponding result was seen for the depressive symptoms. There were no differences in the appearance of side effects. The need for additional neuroleptics in the initial phase seemed to be identical for both drugs. A possible slow antipsychotic effect with flupenthixol decanoate is probably due to the administered dose being somewhat low (in the present study approximately 31 mg flupenthixol corresponding to 27 mg fluphenazine). This suggests that flupenthixol should have been given in a somewhat higher dose (25 mg fluphenazine decanoate corresponding to 40 mg flupenthixol decanoate).     

Comparative study of the efficacy and safety between blonanserin and risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia in Chinese patients: A double-blind,parallel-group multicenter randomized trial

This randomized, double-blind study compared the efficacy and safety of blonanserin and risperidone to treat Chinese schizophrenia patients aged ≥18 and < 65 years. Patients with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores ≥70 and ≤ 120 were randomized to receive blonanserin or risperidone using a gradual dose-titration method (blonanserin tablets: 8–24 mg/day; risperidone tablets: 2–6 mg/day), twice daily. Treatment populations consisted of 128 blonanserin-treated patients and 133 risperidone-treated patients. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed using the last observation carried forward method. Reductions of PANSS total scores by blonanserin and risperidone treatment were −30.59 and −33.56, respectively. Risperidone treatment was associated with elevated levels of serum prolactin (67.16% risperidone versus 52.31% blonanserin) and cardiac-related abnormalities (22.39% risperidone versus 12.31% blonanserin), and blonanserin patients were more prone to extrapyramidal side effects (48.46% blonanserin versus 29.10% risperidone). In conclusion, blonanserin was as effective as risperidone for the treatment of Chinese patients with schizophrenia. The overall safety profiles of these drugs are comparable, although blonanserin was associated with a higher incidence of EPS and risperidone was associated with a higher incidence of prolactin elevation and weight gain. Thus, blonanserin is useful for the treatment of Chinese schizophrenia patients.