玻璃酸钠关节腔灌注联合治疗膝骨关节炎疗效观察

目的观察玻璃酸钠关节腔灌注治疗对膝骨关节炎患者的疗效。方法将57例膝骨关节炎患者随机分为玻璃酸钠治疗组和常规治疗组,用VAS标准评估所有患者基线和5周、12周后20 m步行痛、关节触痛、WOMAC骨关节炎指数。结果在5周、12周后玻璃酸钠治疗组和常规治疗组患者20 m步行痛程度、关节触痛、WOMAC（VAS法）均较基线时有明显改善（P〈0.05）。5周、12周后玻璃酸钠治疗组的20 m步行痛程度、关节触痛、WOMAC（VAS）均较常规治疗组有明显改善（P〈0.05）。结论常规治疗能明显改善膝骨关节炎患者临床症状、提高患者生活质量,联合玻璃酸钠关节腔灌注疗效更佳。     

双醋瑞因联合玻璃酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎疗效观察

目的：评价双醋瑞因联合玻璃酸钠治疗骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法：采用回顾性临床对照研究方案设计,65例膝骨关节炎患者应用关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠治疗为对照组,69例膝骨关节炎患者在玻璃酸钠基础治疗的同时合用双醋瑞因6个月作为联合治疗组,通过VAS评分、WOMAC评分、ESR和CRP在治疗前、治疗后1个月、3个月和后3个月3个时段四个时间断面的病情改变作为疗效判断指标。结果：与治疗前相比,两组的关节触痛、20米步行痛评分、WOMAC评分、ESR和CRP有明显改善（P〈0．001）;在治疗后的3个月,各个观察指标联合治疗组明显优于对照组（X^2=5．256,P〈0．05）;在治疗后的第2、3个月和治疗后的后3个月两个时段,应用NSAIDs的患者例数上,联合治疗组明显少于对照组（P=0．022;X^2=10．428,P=0．001）,在治疗初的1个月内两组无差异（X^2=0．137,P=0．711）,并且未发生严重不良事件。结论：双醋瑞因和玻璃酸钠二者对骨关节炎治疗都有临床疗效;在对OA采用玻璃酸钠治疗的基础上,同时合用和维持治疗,临床疗效更持久有效,值得临床推广。     

Baduanjin alleviates the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility and safety of using the health-promoting traditional Chinese exercise, known as Baduanjin, in treating knee osteoarthritis (OA). SUBJECTS: Twenty-eight (28) female patients who met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for osteoarthritis of the knee signed the informed consent and were randomized into the Baduanjin group (n=14) and the control group (n=14). Eleven (11) patients in the Baduanjin group and 10 patients in the control group completed the trial. INTERVENTION: The Baduanjin group patients exercised following taped commands in the community entertainment room during 30-minute classes five times a week for 8 weeks, whereas the control group received no treatment. OUTCOME MEASURES: Indicators that include knee pain, stiffness, physical disability, general health, quadriceps strength, and aerobic ability were measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36), the 6-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT), and the Isokinetic Strength of the Knee Extensors (ISKE). RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the participants in the Baduanjin group had statistically significant improvements in percentage changes of the WOMAC pain subscale (-61.8+/-35.7% versus 44.6+/-102.8%; p=0.006), the WOMAC stiffness subscale (-53.4+/-46.1% versus 135.8+/-386.7%; p=0.029), the WOMAC physical function subscale (-7.4+/-81.9% versus 140.5+/-151.9%; p=0.024), 6-MWT (11.9+/-7.5% versus 1.6+/-13.0%; p=0.036), and Peak Torque of the ISKE (15.1+/-33.7% versus -16.1+/-16.6%; p=0.016). The SF-36's General Health, Social Function, and Mental Health subscales had no significant changes between those in the Baduanjin and control groups. As such, no adverse events from treatment were reported. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that the Baduanjin exercise provided a safe and feasible treatment option for patients with knee OA, as well as offered reductions in pain, stiffness, and disability, which helped improve the patients' quadriceps strength and aerobic ability.     

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Low-Dose Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

ObjectiveTo test the efficacy of low-dose extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on osteoarthritis knee pain, lower limb function, and cartilage alteration for patients with knee osteoarthritis.DesignRandomized controlled trial with placebo control.SettingOutpatient physical therapy clinics within a hospital network.ParticipantsEligible volunteers (N=63) with knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade II or III) were randomly assigned to 2 groups.InterventionsPatients in the experimental group received low-dose ESWT for 4 weeks while those in the placebo group got sham shockwave therapy. Both groups maintained a usual level of home exercise.Main Outcome MeasuresKnee pain and physical function were measured using a visual analog scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Lequesne index at baseline, 5 weeks, and 12 weeks. Cartilage alteration was measured analyzing the transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping.ResultsThe VAS score, WOMAC, and Lequesne index of the ESWT group were significantly better than those of the placebo group at 5 and 12 weeks (P<.05). Both groups showed improvement in pain and disability scores over the 12-week follow-up period (P<.05). In terms of imaging results, there was no significant difference in T2 values between groups during the trial, although T2 values of the ESWT group at 12 weeks significantly increased compared to those at baseline (P=.004). The number and prevalence of adverse effects were similar between the 2 groups, and no serious side effects were found.ConclusionsA 4-week treatment of low-dose ESWT was superior to placebo for pain easement and functional improvement in patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis but had some negative effects on articular cartilage.     

A Single-Blind,Placebo Run-in Study of Duloxetine for Activity-Limiting Osteoarthritis Pain

Osteoarthritis pain is a significant problem for our aging population. Antidepressants that are serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are effective for other forms of chronic pain and may provide a new treatment option for osteoarthritis pain. We performed a single-blind, placebo run-in trial of 60 to 90 mg of duloxetine in 25 subjects with activity-limiting osteoarthritis pain. Each subject received 2 weeks of placebo followed by 10 weeks of duloxetine. The primary outcome was reduction in average pain intensity between 2 and 12 weeks for subjects completing the trial. Average pain on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was 5.7 at baseline, 4.8 after the 2-week placebo run-in, and 3.5 at 12 weeks for the 17 patients completing the trial (28% decrease between 2 and 12 weeks, P = .122). Eight of 15 study completers who had nonmissing BPI results (53%) reported at least 30% pain reduction between weeks 2 and 12. The Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score at baseline was 2.3, 1.8 after 2 weeks, and 1.3 after 12 weeks (30% decrease between 2 and 12 weeks, P = .018). Ten of 17 patients (59%) reported at least 30% pain relief between weeks 2 and 12 on the WOMAC. Significant improvements in self-reported physical and role function were reported but observed physical function did not improve.PerspectiveDuloxetine did not significantly reduce pain intensity on the BPI but did improve pain intensity and self-reported function on the WOMAC. Duloxetine warrants further investigation as a novel treatment for osteoarthritis pain.     

Chronic disease management programme in people with severe knee osteoarthritis: efficacy and moderators of response.

AIMS: To establish (1) the efficacy of a six-week chronic disease management programme for knee osteoarthritis and (2) whether previous physiotherapy or being wait listed for surgery moderated the outcome of the programme.DESIGN: A pretest, posttest design with multivariate statistical modelling.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and twenty-one people with severe osteoarthritis who were waiting, or being considered, for surgery.METHODS AND MEASURES: Western Ontario Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, arthritis self-efficacy, distress and a patient-rated global indicator of response were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. History of previous physiotherapy, waiting list status, symptom duration, New Zealand disease severity score, radiographic changes and self-perceived need for surgery were recorded at baseline.RESULTS: There were moderate improvements in most outcomes; WOMAC function decreased by 0.29, WOMAC pain by 0.27, pain self-efficacy by 4.4, function self-efficacy by 5.6 and visual analogue scale (VAS) distress by 0.2 (effect sizes ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 at 12 weeks). Waiting list status was a significant modifier for function, pain, distress and self-related outcomes. Participants on the waiting list for surgery experienced lesser improvements. Previous physiotherapy was associated with greater improvements in WOMAC scores at six weeks, but not at 12 weeks.CONCLUSION: The chronic disease management programme could be considered for people with severe knee osteoarthritis, but should be given prior to referral and placement on the waiting list for surgery. Previous physiotherapy should not preclude people from participating in a chronic disease management programme.     

西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数的重测信度

目的了解西安大略和麦克马斯特大学（WOMAC）骨关节炎指数对我国膝骨关节炎患者的重测信度。方法2名经过正式培训的测评人员对24例经放射影像学确诊且有临床症状的膝骨关节炎患者在24 h内进行2次WOMAC骨关节炎指数量表的指导性测试。结果各评分部分和总分的组内相关系数分别是0.937、0.914、0.856、0.921。结论WOMAC骨关节炎指数具有极好的信度。     

A 2-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, phase III trial comparing the efficacy of oxymorphone extended release and placebo in adults with pain associated with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee

BACKGROUND: Oxymorphone extended release (ER) is a tablet formulation of the mu-opioid agonist oxymorphone designed to achieve a low peak-to-trough fluctuation in plasma concentrations over a 12-hour dosing period. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the analgesic efficacy, dose response, and tolerability of 3 doses of oxymorphone ER given every 12 hours with those of placebo in patients with pain related to osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or knee. METHODS: This was a 2-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, Phase III trial. Patients with OA of the hip or knee who were receiving an opioid medication for chronic, moderate to severe pain or who were judged by the investigator to have received suboptimal analgesia with nonopioid analgesics entered a 2- to 7-day washout of analgesic medication. When pain in the index joint was >40 mm on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS), patients were randomized to receive 1 of 4 regimens: oxymorphone ER 10 mg q12h during weeks 1 and 2; oxymorphone ER 20 mg q12h in week 1 and 40 mg q12h in week 2; oxymorphone ER 20 mg q12h in week 1 and 50 mg q12h in week 2; or placebo q12h during weeks 1 and 2. The primary end point was the change in VAS score for arthritis pain intensity. Other assessments included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) OA Index subscales for pain, stiffness, and physical function and the composite index; the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical health component summary (PCS) score; the Chronic Pain Sleep Inventory (CPSI) score; vital signs; clinical laboratory parameters; and adverse events (AEs). AEs were recorded at each clinic visit. RESULTS: Three hundred seventy patients were randomized to treatment (95 oxymorphone ER 10 mg, 93 oxymorphone ER 40 mg, 91 oxymorphone ER 50 mg, and 91 placebo), and 198 completed the study. Least squares mean changes from baseline in the VAS arthritis pain intensity score were -21, -28, -29, and -17 mm in the oxymorphone ER 10, 40, and 50 mg and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.002, modified Tukey linear trend test). Oxymorphone ER 40 and 50 mg produced significant improvements from baseline compared with placebo in the WOMAC subscale scores for pain (least squares mean change: -85.1, -108.0, and -42.5, respectively; P < or = 0.025 for 40 mg, P < or = 0.001 for 50 mg), stiffness (-40.5, -48.1, and -17.0; both, P < or = 0.001), and physical function (-256.8, -310.8, and -116.5; P < or = 0.01 and P < or = 0.001, respectively); the SF-36 PCS score (4.6, 3.6, and -0.1; P < 0.001); and the CPSI score (-21.2, -22.2, and -10.7; P < 0.05). The 10-mg dose also was associated with significant improvements compared with placebo in the WOMAC pain (-83.6; P < or = 0.025) and physical function subscales (-232.9; P < or = 0.025) and the SF-36 PCS score (3.9; P < 0.001). The most frequently reported AEs (> or =5% of patients) in the oxymorphone ER groups were nausea (39.4%), vomiting (23.7%), dizziness (22.6%), constipation (22.2%), somnolence (17.6%), pruritus (16.5%), and headache (15.0%). The majority of AEs with oxymorphone ER were mild or moderate in intensity. Three serious AEs (urinary retention, central nervous system depression, and pancreatitis) were considered possibly or probably related to study medication. CONCLUSION: In these patients with chronic, moderate to severe pain related to OA of the hip or knee, oxymorphone ER administered twice daily for 2 weeks produced dose-related reductions in arthritis pain intensity and improvements in physical function.     

Abdominal obesity and knee ostheoarthritis]

The objective of our study was to determine whether waist circumference (WC) is a more reliable indicator than body mass index (BMI) of the presence of knee osteoarthritis in obese subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed an observational study of obese patients with no other risk factors for knee osteoarthritis. For each patient, we evaluated BMI, WC, duration of obesity and knee pain. Two groups were identified: "asymptomatic patients" (AG), without knee pain, and "symptomatic patients" (SG). For the SG, we measured pain intensity (visual analog scale [VAS], 0-100 mm) and functional repercussions (using the Lequesne and WOMAC indexes). Patients with knee pain underwent standard radiographic procedures to search for signs of osteoarthritis, and the SG was divided into two subgroups: with radiological signs of osteoarthritis (SG-1) and without radiological signs of osteoarthritis (SG-2). The AG and SG groups and SG-1 and SG-2 groups were compared for age, sex, and duration of obesity. Comparisons of BMI, WC, and function involved the Student's t-test. RESULTS: We recruited 56 patients for the study (82.5% females; mean obesity duration (13+/-6.5 years; mean age 43.21+/-9.58 years). The mean BMI was 39.6+/-7.23 kg/m(2) and mean WC was 113+/-14.3 cm. We found 33 patients (59%) with knee pain. Independent of age, sex, duration of obesity and BMI, the SG showed more significant WC (117.27+/-14.71 cm vs. 107+/-11.75 cm for the AG, P 0.01). In the same group and independent of the already mentioned factors, the patients with radiological signs of osteoarthritis showed significant WC [122+/-15.57 cm (SG-1) vs. 108+/-6.88 cm (SG-2) (P 0.01)]. Moreover, the VAS score of pain at rest and during effort and the WOMAC and Lequesne scores were 16+/-25.7 mm, 75+/-18.3 mm, 12.3+/-8.92 and 11.5+/-5.44 (SG-1) and 7+/-18.4 mm, 70+/-19.2 mm, 5.7+/-3.05, and 6.9+/-3.79 (SG-2), respectively. The difference between SG-1 and SG-2 was significant only for the WOMAC (P=0.015) and Lequesne (P=0.026) scores. CONCLUSION: Independent of BMI, WC appears to be a factor associated with the presence of knee pain and osteoarthritis in obese patients. Furthermore, a high WC is associated with significant functional repercussion.     

Physical therapy treatment effectiveness for osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized comparison of supervised clinical exercise and manual therapy procedures versus a home exercise program

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Manual therapy and exercise have not previously been compared with a home exercise program for patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between a home-based physical therapy program and a clinically based physical therapy program. SUBJECTS: One hundred thirty-four subjects with OA of the knee were randomly assigned to a clinic treatment group (n=66; 61% female, 39% male; mean age [+/-SD]=64+/-10 years) or a home exercise group (n=68, 71% female, 29% male; mean age [+/-SD]=62+/-9 years). METHODS: Subjects in the clinic treatment group received supervised exercise, individualized manual therapy, and a home exercise program over a 4-week period. Subjects in the home exercise group received the same home exercise program initially, reinforced at a clinic visit 2 weeks later. Measured outcomes were the distance walked in 6 minutes and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). RESULTS: Both groups showed clinically and statistically significant improvements in 6-minute walk distances and WOMAC scores at 4 weeks; improvements were still evident in both groups at 8 weeks. By 4 weeks, WOMAC scores had improved by 52% in the clinic treatment group and by 26% in the home exercise group. Average 6-minute walk distances had improved about 10% in both groups. At 1 year, both groups were substantially and about equally improved over baseline measurements. Subjects in the clinic treatment group were less likely to be taking medications for their arthritis and were more satisfied with the overall outcome of their rehabilitative treatment compared with subjects in the home exercise group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although both groups improved by 1 month, subjects in the clinic treatment group achieved about twice as much improvement in WOMAC scores than subjects who performed similar unsupervised exercises at home. Equivalent maintenance of improvements at 1 year was presumably due to both groups continuing the identical home exercise program. The results indicate that a home exercise program for patients with OA of the knee provides important benefit. Adding a small number of additional clinical visits for the application of manual therapy and supervised exercise adds greater symptomatic relief.     

推拿结合等速肌力训练治疗膝关节骨性关节炎临床疗效研究

目的:观察推拿治疗结合等速肌力训练对膝关节骨性关节炎的治疗效果。方法:从膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)患者中随机选取60例作为观察对象,60例患者随机分为推拿结合等速治疗组(试验组)和单纯推拿治疗组(对照组)。分别将两组治疗前后的膝关节西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)、等速屈伸肌力测试对比分析。结果:两组治疗后膝关节WOMAC评分均较治疗前有显著改善(P0.01),其中推拿结合等速组膝关节WOMAC评分由(62.93±16.17)降为(26.20±12.68),改善较单纯推拿组更为显著(P0.01)。两组治疗干预前等速肌力测试各指标比较没有显著性差异。经过8周治疗后推拿加等速训练组膝关节伸肌峰力矩、峰力矩/体重、达峰时间、平均功率,膝关节屈肌峰力矩、达峰时间与本组治疗前比较明显改善,差异有显著性(P0.01);膝关节伸肌平均功率与本组治疗前比较有改善,差异有显著性(P0.05);推拿加等速训练组膝关节伸肌峰力矩、峰力矩/体重、达峰时间、膝关节屈肌达峰时间、屈肌/伸肌比单纯推拿组治疗后改善明显,差异有显著性(P0.05);推拿加等速训练组膝关节屈肌峰力矩与单纯推拿组治疗后比较提高明显,差异有显著性(P0.01)。结论:推拿结合等速肌力训练可以提高KOA患者膝关节屈伸肌肉力量,对于KOA的治疗具有良好的临床疗效,且明显优于单纯推拿治疗。     

体外冲击波结合经穴治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效观察

目的：本研究拟通过临床随机对照研究探讨体外冲击波结合经穴治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法：将39例早中期膝关节骨性关节炎患者随机分为观察组19例和对照组20例。2组均采用发散式体外冲击波治疗,对照组单纯给予冲击波痛点治疗,观察组在冲击波痛点治疗的基础上依据循经取穴原则增加对血海穴和梁丘穴的刺激。所有受试者分别在治疗前、治疗4周后行疼痛视觉模拟评分法（VAS）、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数评分（WOMAC）、6分钟步行实验（6MWT）等评定,并在治疗后记录《中医病证诊断疗效标准》中骨痹的疗效评价以及不良反应。结果：治疗4周后,2组患者VAS评分和WOMAC评分均较治疗前明显降低（P<0.01）,6MWT行走距离较治疗前明显增加（P<0.05）;且观察组VAS评分较对照组降低（P<0.05）;WOMAC评分及6MWT 2组间比较差异无统计学意义。治疗后,治疗后观察组《中医病症诊断疗效标准》中骨痹的疗效评价标准评估临床优良率为89%,对照组为80%。2组患者均未出现明显不良反应。结论：体外冲击波结合经穴治疗可减轻膝关节骨性关节炎患者的疼痛、改善膝关节功能、提高步行能力。     

Quadriceps-strengthening exercise and quadriceps and knee biomechanics during walking in knee osteoarthritis: A two-centre randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of quadriceps strengthening on quadriceps muscle force, power, and work and tibio-femoral compressive loads during walking in adults with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsStudy design: Two-center, randomized, controlled trial. Intervention: Patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly allocated to quadriceps strengthening program (3 times weekly) or no attention control group. Main outcome measures: Primary outcome was change from baseline in peak quadriceps force during walking at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included quadriceps power and work, knee compression forces during walking estimated with musculoskeletal modeling, muscle strength and pain and function. Outcomes were measured at baseline and 12 weeks.Results30 patients were randomized to receive either training (n = 15) or no attention (n = 15). At follow-up, there were no statistical differences between groups for maximum quadriceps force, quadriceps positive power, negative work, and positive work, and knee compressive force. Maximum negative quadriceps power in early stance was statistically significantly increased 36% in the training group compared to the control group which was most likely partially a response to faster walking velocity at follow-up. Muscle strength and patient reported pain and function were improved in the training group compared to the control group.ConclusionsQuadriceps strength training leads to increased muscle strength and improved symptomatic and functional outcomes but does not change quadriceps or knee joint biomechanics during walking. The biomechanical mechanism of improved health with strength training in knee osteoarthritis patients remains unknown.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01538407.     

Short-term effects of 890-nanometer radiation on pain, physical activity, and postural stability in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

Hsieh R-L, Lo M-T, Liao W-C, Lee W-C. Short-term effects of 890-nanometer radiation on pain, physical activity, and postural stability in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of short-term light therapy with 890-nm radiation on pain, physical activity, and postural stability in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).DesignA double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.SettingRehabilitation clinic.ParticipantsWomen (n=62) and men (n=10) with a mean age of 61.2 years (range, 40–88y). All patients fulfilled the combined clinical and radiographic criteria for knee OA as established by the American College of Rheumatology, and all had obtained a Kellgren-Lawrence score of 2 or more.InterventionsParticipants received 6 sessions, lasting 40 minutes each, of active or placebo radiation treatment over the knee joints for 2 weeks (wavelength, 890nm; radiant power output, 6.24W; power density, 34.7mW/cm² for 40 minutes; total energy, 41.6J/cm² per knee per session).Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants were assessed weekly over 4 weeks using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for pain, stiffness, and physical function. Physical activity (timed stair climbing, 10-m fast-speed walking, and chair-rising time) and postural stability (using the postural stability evaluation system) were also assessed. The pain score on WOMAC was the primary outcome variable. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of covariance.ResultsCompared with baseline, no significant improvement was observed between groups for pain (P=.546), stiffness (P=.573), or physical function (P=.904). No significant improvement was noted for physical activity including the 10-m fast-speed walking time (P=.284), stair-climbing time (P=.202), stair-descending time (P=.468), chair-rising time (P=.499), or postural stability (P=.986) at the 4 follow-up assessments. Follow-up assessments were conducted after 1 week of treatment (thus, after 3 treatments); after 2 weeks of treatment (thus, after 6 treatments); and 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, after treatment was terminated. Although we found a significant time effect for the 10-m fast-speed walking time (P<.001) in the 2 groups, and a significant group effect in the improvement of stair-climbing time in the treatment group (P=.032), the group × time interaction effects were not significant.ConclusionsShort-term 890-nm radiation therapy for patients with knee OA provided no beneficial effect in improving pain, physical activity, and postural stability.     

Comparison of the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, interferential currents, and shortwave diathermy in knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter study

Atamaz FC, Durmaz B, Baydar M, Demircioglu OY, Iyiyapici A, Kuran B, Oncel S, Sendur OF. Comparison of the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, interferential currents, and shortwave diathermy in knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter study.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), interferential currents (IFCs), and shortwave diathermy (SWD) against each other and sham intervention with exercise training and education as a multimodal package.DesignA double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter trial.SettingDepartments of physical medicine and rehabilitation in 4 centers.ParticipantsPatients (N=203) with knee osteoarthritis (OA).InterventionsThe patients were randomized by the principal center into the following 6 treatment groups: TENS sham, TENS, IFCs sham, IFCs, SWD sham, and SWD. All interventions were applied 5 times a week for 3 weeks. In addition, exercises and an education program were given. The exercises were carried out as part of a home-based training program after 3 weeks' supervised group exercise.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome was a visual analog scale (0–100mm) to assess knee pain. Other outcome measures were time to walk a distance of 15m, range of motion, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Nottingham Health Profile, and paracetamol intake (in grams).ResultsWe found a significant decrease in all assessment parameters (P<.05), without a significant difference among the groups except WOMAC stiffness score and range of motion. However, the intake of paracetamol was significantly lower in each treatment group when compared with the sham groups at 3 months (P<.05). Also, the patients in the IFCs group used a lower amount of paracetamol at 6 months (P<.05) in comparison with the IFCs sham group.ConclusionsAlthough all groups showed significant improvements, we can suggest that the use of physical therapy agents in knee OA provided additional benefits in improving pain because paracetamol intake was significantly higher in the patients who were treated with 3 sham interventions in addition to exercise and education.     

穴位按摩辅助缓解膝骨关节炎患者疼痛的护理研究

目的 研究穴位按摩对缓解膝骨关节炎患者疼痛的影响 方法 于2017年1-12月上海市静安区闸北中心医院中医骨伤科收治的膝骨关节炎患者100例,采取随机数字表法分为观察组(n=50)和对照组(n=50),对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在此基础上采用穴位按摩,比较两组患者在干预前后膝关节疼痛评估、膝关节功能、膝关节日常活动相关指标。结果 干预后观察组患者VAS、WOMAC、ADL评分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 膝骨关节炎患者在常规护理的基础下应用穴位按摩能够切实有效的降低患者的膝关节疼痛感,促使膝关节功能更好地恢复,值得在临床上的普及与实施。     

限弧等速肌力训练对于髌股关节炎髌骨轨迹的影响

目的:探讨不同限弧等速肌力训练对髌股关节炎患者髌骨轨迹的影响。方法:诊断为髌股关节炎患者60例,按接诊顺序分为A组(0°~30°)、B组(30°~60°)和C组(60°~90°)不同角度限弧运动训练组,每组各20例,采用德国ISOMED 2000等速肌力训练系统按分组对患者膝关节周围肌肉进行4周的限弧等速肌力训练。训练前、后拍摄膝关节负重正侧位及屈膝45°轴位片,测量髌骨轨迹参数(即髌股指数、外侧髌股角、髌骨合适角);记录每个膝关节的等速肌力测定值,即峰力矩(PT)、总功(TW)及平均功率(AP);采用西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)(包括疼痛、僵硬、日常功能)评定膝关节功能。结果:训练4周后,A组髌股指数、髌骨合适角较训练前明显降低,外侧髌股角较训练前明显提高(P<0.05);A、B、C组峰力矩PT、总功TW及平均功率AP值均较训练前明显提高(P<0.05);WOMAC评分比较,A组疼痛、日常功能评分较训练前明显降低(P<0.05)。训练后,髌骨轨迹参数比较:髌股指数、髌骨合适角A组明显低于B、C组(P<0.05),外侧髌股角明显高于B、C组(P<0005);等速肌力测定值比较:A组PT值明显高于B、C组(P<0.05);WOMAC评分比较:疼痛评分A组明显低于B、C组(P<0.05)。B组与C组间各评分差异无统计学意义。结论:膝关节屈曲范围0°~30°的股四头肌等速训练可有效改善髌股关节炎髌骨轨迹,提高膝关节功能。     

膝骨关节炎患者伸肌肌力与疼痛和功能状况的关系

目的调查膝骨关节炎患者患肢肌力与其疼痛和功能状况之间的关系。方法对25例经放射影像学确诊且有临床症状的膝关节骨关节炎患者进行西安大略和麦克马斯特大学（WOMAC）骨关节炎指数评分和等速肌力测试。结果膝骨关节炎患者患肢伸肌肌力与WOMAC疼痛得分、WOMAC日常活动能力得分、WOMAC总分之间存在相关性（P<0.05）。结论膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛和功能状况与患肢的伸肌肌力之间存在密切关系。     

The effect of a group education programme on pain and function through knowledge acquisition and home-based exercise among patients with knee osteoarthritis: A parallel randomised single-blind clinical trial

Objectives

To assess the effect of a group education programme on pain and function through knowledge acquisition and a home-based exercise programme.

Design

A parallel randomised single-blind clinical trial.

Participants

Fifty patients aged 65 years or over with knee osteoarthritis.

Interventions

The study group (n = 25) was given a group education programme once a week for 4 weeks, followed by a self-executed home-based exercise programme. The controls (n = 25) were given a brief course in short-wave diathermy treatment.

Main outcome measures

Patients were assessed before the intervention, after the intervention (4 weeks) and again 8 weeks later (follow-up) using the Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the repeated sit-to-stand test and the get-up-and-go test.

Results

At 4 weeks, there was a significant improvement in both groups in all outcome variables except the WOMAC stiffness score; for example, the WOMAC total score was reduced by a mean of 9.5 points [95% confidence interval (CI) −12.3 to −6.7]. However, at follow-up, patients in the study group demonstrated continued improvement in the get-up-and-go test and the WOMAC total, pain and disability scores, but no such improvement was noted among the controls. This difference was significant; for example, the difference in mean WOMAC total score between the groups was −9.0 points (95%CI −14.5 to −3.4).

Conclusion

A simple group education programme for patients with knee osteoarthritis is associated with improved functional abilities and pain reduction. Further study is required to determine if this positive effect can be maintained over a longer period.     

Comparing the efficacy of mature mud pack and hot pack treatments for knee osteoarthritis

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of mature mud pack and hot pack therapies on patients with knee osteoarthritis.Design: This study was designed as a prospective, randomized-controlled, and single-blinded clinical trial. Twenty-seven patients with clinical and radiologic evidence of knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned into two groups and were treated with mature mud packs (n 15) or hot packs (n=12). Patients were evaluated for pain [based on the visual analog scale (VAS)], function (WOMAC, 6 min walking distance), quality of life [Short Form-36 (SF-36)], and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) at baseline, post-treatment, and 3 and 6~months after treatment. Results: The mud pack group shows a significant improvement in VAS, pain, stifness, and physical function domains of WOMAC. The difference between groups of pain and physical activity domains is significant at post-treatment in favor of mud pack. For a 6 min walking distance, mud pack shows significant improvement, and the difference is significant between groups in favor of mud pack at post-treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment. Mud pack shows significant improvement in the pain subscale of SF-36 at the third month continuing until the sixth month after the treatment. Significant improvements are found for the social function, vitality/energy, physical role disability, and general health subscales of SF-36 in favor of the mud pack compared with the hot pack group at post-treatment. A significant increase is detected for IGF-1 in the mud pack group 3 months after treatment compared with the baseline, and the difference is significant between groups 3 months after the treatment. Conclusion: Mud pack is a favorable option compared with hotpack for pain relief and for the improvement of functional conditions in treating patients with knee osteoarthritis.