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1.
目的 探讨甲状腺手术喉返神经(RLN)的解剖特点和方法,以减少神经的损伤。方法 回顾分析2000年1月-2005年10月256例甲状腺手术的临床资料,常规显露RLN201例(211条),不显露RLN55例,并对RLN解剖特点、损伤情况和预防进行分析。结果 显露RLN者暂时性损伤率为1.00%(2/201),无永久性损伤;未显露者暂时性损伤率为7.27%(4/55),永久性损损伤率为3.64%(2/55),两组暂时性损伤率之间和永久性损伤率之间经统计学处理差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。“非返性喉下神经”发生率为0.95%(2/211);67.30%(142/211)RLN在入喉前有分支,59.24%(125/211)的RLN位于甲状腺下动脉的深面,30.81%(65/211)位于动脉的浅面,5.68%(12/211)穿行于动脉的分叉处,4.27%(9/211)与动脉无关。结论 RLN的行程过程中解剖关系较为复杂;甲状腺手术中有计划显露RLN可以预防其损伤。  相似文献   

2.
甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的探讨   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
探讨甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的原因和预防措施。分析了368例甲状腺手术,暂时性喉返神经麻痹3例(0.82%),未发生一例永久性喉返神经麻痹。术中喉返神经是否暴露,采用具体情况区别对待方法,对大多数甲状腺良性病变(89.1%),尽可能术中不暴露喉返神经,但对于较大的结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤和再次手术病例,术中应暴露喉返神经;甲状腺癌术中常规暴露喉返神经。作者认为,只要掌握手术操作要领,熟悉喉返神经解剖和变异,喉返神经损伤,特别是永久性损伤是完全可以预防的  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨甲状腺手术中喉返神经显露对避免损伤喉返神经的作用。方法 回顾性分析150例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,其中甲状腺瘤125例,术中均顺利显露同侧喉返神经;甲状腺癌25例,其中仅10例能显露喉返神经。结果 随访6个月~4年,甲状腺瘤术后声带麻痹(单侧)5例,其余120例术后声带运动良好,发声正常。甲状腺癌15例术后并发声带麻痹,10例声带运动正常。结论 甲状腺腺叶切除术中,常规显露喉返神经能减少喉返神经的损伤。对显露过长的喉返神经,术中应利用游离筋膜覆盖,以免术后瘢痕形成压迫喉返神经致声带麻痹。  相似文献   

4.
甲状腺手术中常规解剖喉返神经的临床意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:探讨甲状腺手术中常规解剖喉返神经的方法,以避免喉返神经的损伤。方法:247例患者全部以气管食管沟或者甲状软骨下角为解剖标志显露喉返神经,于喉返神经前面沿着其走向向上解剖显露至甲状软骨下角环甲膜入喉处,或向下解剖显露至甲状腺下极下动静脉处,不必刻意寻找喉返神经的分支,共解剖喉返神经258条。结果:全部患者喉返神经损伤2条,损伤率为0.8%,均为喉返神经不全性损伤,1个月左右恢复正常,与前期不进行常规解剖喉返神经276例比较,二者之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:常规解剖喉返神经进行甲状腺手术的方法可以有效降低喉返神经的损伤率。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨甲状腺手术出现喉返神经损伤的危险因素及避免损伤的方法。方法回顾性分析1902例甲状腺患者,按手术科别、性别、麻醉方法、病变性质、术中是否常规解剖喉返神经、手术次数及手术范围分组,观察喉返神经损伤率,进行单因素分析及多因素回归分析。结果喉返神经总损伤率为1.84%。单因素分析显示,在甲状腺恶性病变患者、多次手术及甲状腺广泛性手术中喉返神经损伤率升高有统计学意义(χ2分别为1.096、1.893、1.467,P<0.05)。在甲状腺广泛性手术中,术中显露喉返神经可有效降低喉返神经损伤率(χ2=1.758,P<0.05);而在保守性手术中,术中是否显露喉返神经,喉返神经损伤率的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.638,P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,多次手术及甲状腺广泛性手术是喉返神经损伤的重要危险因素。结论对于病变范围较小的甲状腺良性肿瘤,术中不显露喉返神经、保留部分甲状腺背侧组织是安全可靠的。而对于广泛性甲状腺切除手术,术中应常规解剖喉返神经。  相似文献   

6.
甲状腺外科手术中喉返神经的解剖   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:探讨甲状腺外科手术中喉返神经的解剖特点和方法。方法:回顾性分析56例甲状腺疾病患者在手术中解剖的63条喉返神经的有关资料:结果:48条喉返神经入喉前分成前、后两支.占喉返神经总数的76.19%。29条(46.03%)喉返神经位于甲状腺下动脉的深部.19条(30.56%)喉返神经位于甲状腺下动脉的浅面.8侧(12.70%)甲状腺下动脉分叉.神经穿行其间.7侧(11.11%)术中未发现甲状腺下动脉:术后喉返神经暂时麻痹1例,永久麻痹1例。结论:充分掌握喉返神经的解剖特点.术中正确辨认并安全地解剖喉返神经是避免喉返神经损伤的关键。  相似文献   

7.
甲状腺疾病再手术的相关因素探讨   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的:探讨甲状腺疾病再手术的原因、手术并发症及其预防。方法:回顾性分析43例(13例良性病变,30例恶性病变)因甲状腺疾病而再手术的病例,尤其注意其手术并发症的发生,并与同期261例甲状腺恶性疾病首次手术的并发症进行比较。结果:43例均治愈,30例恶性病变的并发症(喉返神经的损伤)发生率为20%,较初次手术者高(P<0.01)。结论:初次手术方式选择和病理因素是甲状腺疾病再手术的重要原因。甲状腺再次手术时喉返神经损伤的机会明显增加,术中解剖并保护好喉返神经是避免其损伤的关键。甲状腺再手术时的手术风险比初次手术时大,应尽可能予以避免。  相似文献   

8.
术中喉返神经监测系统在甲状腺开放手术中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
目的总结使用喉返神经监测系统在甲状腺开放手术全过程中,对喉返神经的监测、保护,以及使用体会与注意事项。方法①21例患者中甲状腺恶性肿瘤5例、良性肿瘤9例,甲状腺功能亢进症7例。②喉返神经监测系统主要由监测仪主机、喉返神经刺激探测针、专用接触声带的肌电图(electromyography,EMG)气管插管、接地传导回路电极针、抗干扰探头等组成。③手术采用三步法,首先显露颈迷走神经干检测仪器,再解剖、保护喉返神经,之后切除甲状腺组织。结果全部21例患者,术侧喉返神经均清晰显示,从甲状腺下级血管至入喉处。术后患者发音清晰,无饮水呛咳。结论甲状腺开放手术中,应用"喉返神经监测系统",可使喉返神经在手术全过程中得到切实保护,避免损伤发生。  相似文献   

9.
目的:探讨甲状腺改良Miccoli术中解剖显露喉返神经的方法及预防喉返神经损伤的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析218例行甲状腺改良Miccoli术患者的资料,均在内镜直视下寻找喉返神经并进一步显露直至人喉处,行甲状腺次全切或腺叶全切除。结果:218例患者手术均获成功,无中转开放手术。术中均成功显露颈段喉返神经并保护之。术中、术后病理证实结节性甲状腺肿185例,甲状腺腺瘤8例,甲状腺乳头状微小癌25例。2例甲状腺乳头状微小癌及1例有鼻咽癌放疗史的患者,术后出现暂时性声嘶,3个月内声带活动恢复正常。结论:甲状腺改良Miccoli术中解剖显露喉返神经是该手术顺利进行的关键,是预防喉返神经损伤的有效方法。  相似文献   

10.
非返性喉返神经损伤的预防   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
目的 探讨非返性喉返神经的临床意义。方法 复习4例非返性喉返神经的临床资料并结合相关文献,了解非返性喉返神经的变异类型及甲状腺手术中应注意的事项。结果 湘雅医院2156例甲状腺手术中暴露喉返神经共719条,4例被确认具有非返性喉返神经,占0.56%。其中右侧和左侧各2例。3例因首次手术后声嘶再次手术时证实为非返性喉返神经,1例于首次手术中发现。其中3例为同时伴有返支和非返支的喉返神经,且2支均在入喉前2cm处汇合。另外1例为不伴有返支的右侧非返性喉返神经。结论 非返性喉返神经属少见变异,在甲状腺手术中容易损伤。充分认识非返性喉返神经及变异类型,有助于预防甲状腺手术时喉返神经损伤。  相似文献   

11.
甲状腺功能亢进症的外科治疗   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
目的探讨甲状腺功能亢进症(简称甲亢)外科手术治疗中围手术期的处理及治疗效果。方法对56例甲亢患者仔细进行病情评估及术前准备,采用暴露喉返神经、必要时显微镜下识别甲状旁腺、结扎甲状腺下动脉第三级血管行甲状腺近全切除术,观察其治疗效果。结果本组患者无死亡,无永久性喉返神经麻痹,无永久性甲状旁腺功能低下,无复发病例。随访16个月-5年,术后26例发生甲状腺功能低下,其中42.3%(11/26)经治疗甲状腺功能恢复正常,57.7%(15/26)甲状腺功能低下正在治疗观察中。所有患者血清钙水平在2.15~2.45mmol/L。结论注重围手术期的处理,采用上述方法行甲状腺近全切除术治疗甲亢有效地防止了手术并发症的发生。  相似文献   

12.
Complication rates after operations for benign thyroid disease   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Controversy persists concerning the use of total thyroidectomy in benign thyroid disease and varying complication rates have been reported. We evaluated the safety of total thyroidectomy or lobectomy in benign thyroid disease. During a 5-year period, 102 patients were operated on for benign thyroid disease, including multinodular goiter (n = 55), solitary nodule (n = 18), toxic nodular goiter (n = 22) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n = 7). Recurrent laryngeal nerves were routinely investigated during dissection. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 27 cases, unilateral total lobectomy with isthmectomy in 38 and unilateral total, contralateral subtotal lobectomy in 37. One (0.9%) temporary superior laryngeal nerve palsy, 1 (0.9%) temporary recurrent nerve palsy and 1 (0.9%) temporary hypoparathyroidism occurred. Wound seroma developed in 2 patients (1.9%). There were no deaths or permanent complications. This study shows that total thyroidectomy or lobectomy can be done with minimal morbidity in cases of benign thyroid disease affecting the whole gland.  相似文献   

13.
Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy. Design: Retrospective case–control study. Setting: Tertiary clinic. Participants: From September 1990 to September 2005, 3250 consecutive patients who had a thyroidectomy for treatment of various thyroid diseases. Main outcome measures: The rates of nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism were evaluated based on thyroid pathology, the choice of operative procedure, whether the nerve was identified, and the experience of the surgeon. Results: Overall, the rate of nerve palsy was 1.8% and that of hypoparathyroidism was 6.6%. On univariate analysis the rates of complications were siginificantly higher in the patients who had an extended thyroidectomy, identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery, repeat surgery and patients older than 50 years of age. Complications were no commoner in operations performed by trainees under supervision than experienced surgeons. On multivariate analysis extended thyroidectomy had a 12 fold (95% CI 1.7, 92) increased risk of nerve palsy. Repeat surgery had a 3 fold (95% CI 2.1, 4.7) increased risk of postoperative hypoparathyroidism. Conclusion: Extentended thyroidectomy and repeat surgery had a significant effect on the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and postoperative hyperparathyroidism respectively following thyroid surgery.  相似文献   

14.
目的:探讨显露喉返神经在甲状腺手术中的意义。方法:回顾性分析我科收治的共332例甲状腺手术患者的资料,全部患者均在全身麻醉下进行,术中均解剖术侧喉返神经。单侧腺叶切除131例,双侧次全切除138例,单侧腺叶切除加对侧腺叶次全切除51例,双侧甲状腺全切术12例。结果:手术过程中共533条喉返神经主干均得到很好的显露,术后共4例(0.75%)出现声嘶,无麻醉插管引起,均为单侧声带固定,行激素、营养神经药物等治疗,均在3个月内恢复,无永久性损伤。结论:在行甲状腺手术时,结合运用多种解剖喉返神经的方法,能够有效避免喉返神经的损伤。  相似文献   

15.
The present paper reports 86 cases of hoarseness after thyroidectomy. In 37 cases, glottic paralysis was confirmed. Among them the injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve were 89.91% (33/37). In 33(36 side) cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, left injury was 20 and right was 16. Referring to the literature author consider that: 1. the recurrent laryngeal nerve was injured easy by thyroidectomy because that thyroid gland was located closely with recurrent laryngeal nerve in neck; 2. recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after thyroidectomy was related to the character of thyroid gland tumor and times of operations; 3. incidence of superior laryngeal nerve injure in thyroidectomy was rare; 4. following up 16 cases of glottic paralysis, most of all (13/16) hoarseness was improved with the health side vocal cords overcompensation.  相似文献   

16.
甲状腺外科专业化的临床资料分析   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
目的 评价耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医师手术治疗甲状腺良性疾病的结果。方法回顾性分析北京朝阳医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2001年1月-2004年4月手术治疗496例甲状腺良性疾病的方式、术后并发症的发生、手术耗时、颈部切口长度、住院时间和术后复发的情况。结果甲状腺一侧腺叶加对侧腺叶部分切除314例,甲状腺一侧腺叶加峡部切除76例,甲状腺双侧腺叶次全切除29例,单纯甲状腺峡部切除3例,甲状腺全切除46例,颈部低位领式切口入路切除胸骨后结节性甲状腺肿28例。术后一侧喉返神经损伤发生率为0.2%(1/496),无双侧喉返神经损伤。术后暂时性低钙血症发生率为1.8%(9/496),无永久性低钙血症。术后出血发生率为0.6%(3/496),无切口感染。手术耗时平均为66min,颈部切口长度平均为5.2cm,住院时间平均为6.3d。术后复发率0.2%(1/496)。结论受过严格头颈外科培训的耳鼻咽喉科医师行甲状腺良性疾病手术可降低喉返神经损伤的发生。  相似文献   

17.
INTRODUCTION: Identifying the recurrent laryngeal nerve is the gold standard for reducing injury in thyroidectomy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of neuromonitoring in identifying the recurrent laryngeal nerve. METHODS: This was a study of 259 recurrent laryngeal nerves at risk during thyroidectomy performed with neuromonitoring (group A: 129 nerves) and without neuromonitoring (control group B: 130 nerves). RESULTS: The percentage of visually unidentified nerves was 18% in group A and 20% in group B, with no statistical difference. From the moment of non-identification, identification with neuromonitoring was achieved in group A in 100% of cases. The difference was statistically significant. The positive and negative predictive value of neuromonitoring was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Neuromonitoring helps to identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve and increases the security of the surgeon in the technique. It is advisable to perform neuromonitoring routinely in thyroid surgery.  相似文献   

18.
甲状腺手术后声嘶的临床分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对甲状腺术后声嘶86例临床资料进行分析。结果示86例中声带麻痹37例,其中喉返神经受损31例,喉上神经受损4例,同侧喉上,喉返神经联合性损伤2例;声嘶原因不明49便。认为,甲状腺手术时易损伤喉返、喉上神经而引起噪音改变,原因不明的声嘶也不能排除该神经的损伤,只是程度较轻未引起声带麻痹。喉神经的损伤与甲状腺肿物的大小无密切关系,但与甲状腺肿物的性质及手术的次数有关。术后3个月内积极治疗并辅以坚持发声  相似文献   

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