补肾助孕汤对雄激素致不孕大鼠的促排卵及卵巢IGF-1表达的影响

目的 探讨补肾助孕汤对雄激素致不孕大鼠(ASR)促排卵的作用机制.方法 选择9日龄SD龄雌性大鼠随机分为4组,正常对照组:皮下注射中性茶油;ASR模型组:皮下注射丙酸睾丸酮;中药组及西药组:ASR模型自81 d龄起,每天灌胃给药;连续28 d.采用阴道涂片测定大鼠动情周期及排卵率,采用ELISA法测定促卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)及孕酮(P)水平;采用免疫组织化学sp检测卵巢细胞胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)表达.结果 补肾助孕汤可明显增加大鼠卵巢组织各级卵泡及黄体数目,恢复排卵功能;提高血清中FSH、LH及P水平,并且降低卵巢细胞中IGF-1的表达.结论 补肾助孕汤可通过调节卵巢局部因子IGF-1及相应激素,促进卵泡生长发育及排出.     

囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节器在卵巢过度刺激综合征模型大鼠卵巢中表达的变化

目的建立大鼠卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)模型,研究囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节器(CFTR)在OHSS大鼠卵巢中表达的变化及意义。方法未成年Wistar雌鼠,随机分为过度刺激组和常规刺激组,建立OHSS模型;比较两组间卵巢重量,血雌二醇水平;并分别通过免疫组织化学和免疫印迹法比较两组间卵巢组织中CFTR蛋白表达量的变化。结果过度刺激组大鼠卵巢重量、血雌二醇水平显著高于常规刺激组;免疫组化方法检测到CFTR呈棕黄色颗粒表达于大鼠卵巢黄体细胞以及未排卵泡的黄素化颗粒细胞和卵泡膜细胞胞质,免疫组化和免疫印迹定量分析均显示过度刺激组卵巢CFTR蛋白表达量显著高于常规刺激组。结论注射过量促性腺激素致大鼠血雌二醇水平异常升高,使卵巢内CFTR表达量显著增加,卵巢形成多发性滤泡囊肿和黄体囊肿,间质水肿,体积和重量增加,参与诱发OHSS。     

Interrelationships between postpartum events, hormonal therapy, reproductive abnormalities and reproductive performance in dairy cows: a path analysis

Path analysis was used to determine the interrelationships between postpartum administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone and cloprostenol and the occurrence of reproductive disease and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The data analysed were those collected on 226 Holstein-Friesian cows calving in a commercial dairy herd during a 17 month period (May 1, 1981 to October 1, 1982). Cows administered gonadotrophin releasing hormone at day 15 postpartum experienced an improved rate of uterine involution as determined by rectal palpation nine days later. Although this improved rate of uterine involution reduced the risk of pyometritis, it actually directly delayed conception. Also, gonadotrophin releasing hormone therapy directly resulted in an increased incidence of pyometritis which in turn resulted in an increase incidence of cystic ovarian disease and anestrus. The occurrence of these abnormalities resulted in increased intervals from calving to first observed estrus, first service and conception. In addition to this effect, the administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone was also associated with increased plasma progesterone concentrations at days 24 and 28 postpartum which delayed conception. Cloprostenol therapy at day 24 postpartum resulted in a decreased plasma progesterone concentration at day 28 postpartum which was directly and indirectly associated with a decrease in the calving to conception interval. The indirect effects were mediated by a reduction in days to first estrus. Cloprostenol therapy also directly resulted in a decreased calving to first observed estrus interval for reasons not attributable to the level of progesterone at day 28.     

避孕硅胶棒联合hCG诱导SD大鼠多囊卵巢综合征模型的建立

目的：研究皮下埋植左旋18-甲基炔诺酮硅胶棒联合人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）诱导SD幼年雌性大鼠多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）动物模型的卵巢形态学、性激素及空腹血糖和胰岛素的变化．方法：选取24日龄SD雌性大鼠,模型组皮下埋植左旋18-甲基炔诺酮硅胶棒,3mm／只,3d后（27日龄）开始皮下注射hCG1．5×10^3U／L,2次／d．对照组27日龄始每日皮下注射等体积生理盐水．注射9d后观察两组大鼠卵巢形态学（HE染色）、性激素血清雌二醇（E2）、睾酮（T）、孕激素（P）、促卵泡生长激素（FSH）、促黄体生成激素（LH）及空腹血糖（FBG）和空腹胰岛素（FINS）的变化．结果：模型组大鼠卵巢质量（59．3vs44．45mg）和体积（0．045vs0．033mL）均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）．模型组大鼠卵巢出现类多囊卵巢的改变．模型组大鼠血清P,T,FINS,FBG水平均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;FSH水平（1．12vs 2．20×10^3U／L）显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;LH／FSH比值（2．78vs0．95）和胰岛素抵抗（HOMA）指数（3．35vs2．26）均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）．结论：避孕硅胶棒联合hCG可诱导SD幼年雌性大鼠出现与PCOS患者相似的卵巢病理改变及LH／FSH比值升高、雄激素升高、胰岛素抵抗等典型内分泌变化,是较为理想的PCOS动物模型．     

建立卵巢过度刺激综合征大鼠模型的研究

目的构建卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)的大鼠模型。方法32只未成年Wistar雌鼠,随机分为常规刺激组和过度刺激组。过度刺激组:22日龄Wistar雌鼠连续4天皮下注射含有10 IU PMSG的生理盐水0.2ml,至26日龄皮下注射含有30 IU hCG的生理盐水0.2ml。设立对照组为常规刺激组:24日龄Wistar雌鼠皮下注射含有10IU PMSG的生理盐水0.2ml,再予皮下注射含有10IU hCG的生理盐水0.2ml。测血E2水平,尾静脉注入美兰溶液30min后取腹腔灌洗液和卵巢,用分光光度计分别测定腹腔灌洗液和卵巢组织中的美兰含量来判断腹膜和卵巢血管通透性;比较两组间卵巢重量,血E2水平及卵巢、腹腔液中美兰含量。结果注射hCG 48h后,过度刺激组大鼠卵巢重量、血E2水平、腹腔液和卵巢中美兰含量均显著高于常规刺激组。结论利用适当日龄Wister大鼠可以成功构建OHSS动物模型。     

Fenvalerate-induced alterations in calcium homeostasis in rat ovary

Objective To observe the effects of fenv＇,derate on calcium homeostasis in rat ovary. Methods Female SpragueDawley rats were orally given fenvalerate at dally doses of 0.00, 1.91, 9.55, and 31.80 mg/kg for four weeks. The ovary ultrastucture was observed by electron microscopy. Serum free calcium concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The activities of phosphorylase a in rat ovary were evaluated by the chromatometry. The total content of calmodulin in ovary was estimated by ELISA at each stage of estrous cycle. Radioimmunoassay （R/A） was used to evaluate the level of serum progesterone. Results Histopathologically, damages of ovarian corpus luteum cells were observed. An increase in serum fi＇ee calcium concentration was observed in rats treated with 31.80mg/kg fenvalerate. The activities of phosphorylase a enhanced in all treated groups, and fenvalerate increased the total content of calmodulin significantly in estrus period. Serum progesterone levels declined in fenvalerate exposed rats in diestrus. Conclusion Fenvalerate interferes with calcium homeostasis in rat ovary. Also, the inhibitory effects of fenvalerate on serum progesterone levels may be mediated partly through calcium signals.     

单侧隐睾复位大鼠血清性激素及抗精子抗体的检测

目的探讨单侧隐睾复位大鼠血清性激素及抗精子抗体(AsAb)的水平。方法将21日龄SD雄性大鼠48只随机分为假手术组和单侧隐睾组各24只,2周后行隐睾大鼠睾丸下降固定术,于40日龄、60日龄采集血清后处死。采用ELISA间接法测定血清AsAb水平。用放射免疫方法测血清雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)水平。结果40日龄、60日龄时2组血清E2和T水平比较均无显著差异(P>0.05);2组60日龄时的E2、T水平均较40日龄时显著增高(P<0.05)。单侧隐睾组大鼠40日龄、60日龄时血清AsAb IgG、IgA、IgM水平均显著高于假手术对照组(P<0.05);60日龄时隐睾组大鼠血清AsAb水平高于40日龄(P<0.05),而假手术组血清AsAb水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。单侧隐睾组大鼠AsAb的检出率明显高于假手术组(P<0.01)。结论隐睾大鼠行睾丸下降固定术后,存在高雌激素血症;AsAb产生可能是导致男性不育的原因之一。     

磷酰胺氮芥对大鼠卵巢功能损伤的体外实验研究

[摘要] 目的：研究磷酰胺氮芥（Glyciphosphoramide ,PM）引起体外培养大鼠卵巢结构和内分泌功能损伤的最低剂量。方法：实验分为4组,每组12个卵巢,来源于出生8周的Wistar大鼠。实验1、2、3组培养基中加入浓度分别为10μg/mL、20μg/mL、50μg/mL的PM,培养48h后均隔天全量更换不含PM的培养基。正常对照组培养基中不含PM。在PM加入前及加入后2d（48h）、6d时更换的培养基中用放射免疫法测定其雌二醇（E2）浓度。在加入PM6d时取出大鼠卵巢,称湿重,HE染色,显微镜下观察各期卵泡形态并计数总卵泡数量。结果：加入PM后2d及6d的3个实验组的E2浓度均低于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且3个实验组间两两比较差异也均有统计学意义。加入PM6d,3个实验组分别与正常对照组比较,卵泡数差异均有统计学意义;3个实验组间两两比较,卵泡数量差异亦均有统计学意义。结论：PM浓度为10μg/mL时已能引起体外培养大鼠卵巢结构及功能的损伤。     

Recovery of human ova from the uterine tubes

To study the time of ovulation in the menstrual cycle, an investigation was planned to recover ova from the uterine tubes, to correlate their condition with the menstrual history and stage of development of the early corpora lutea from which these ova had been extruded, and to quantitatively analyze the ovarian hormone level in tissues of the human ovary. The preliminary report records the recovery of 7 ova from the uterine tubes. 1 case involved twin ova where each ovary contained an early corpus luteum. Another involved internal migration of the ovum from the left ovary to the right tube. One ova was recovered on the 12th, 4 on the 15th, and 2 on the 16th day of the menstrual cycle. The last 2 showed signs of degeneration. The corpora lutea of each ova were examined and described. The ova, uterine tubes, corpora lutea, and some endometrium are being prepared for histologic st udy. A series of analyses of hormone content of human ovarian tissues is also being accumulated.     

大鼠卵巢组织体积对其动情周期及体质量的影响

目的 观察切除大鼠不同卵巢体积对其动情周期及体质量的影响。方法 67只10周龄SD大鼠适应1周后,按照切除不同的卵巢体积共分为6组：A组,假手术组（n=12）;B组,切除单侧1/2（n=12）;C组,切除单侧全部（n=12）;D组,切除单侧全部+对侧1/2（n=12）;E组,切除单侧全部+对侧3/4（n=12）;F组,切除双侧全部（n=7）。卵巢部分切除术后4、8、12周连续9 d监测大鼠阴道细胞涂片,并于手术当天、术后4、6、8、10、12周监测大鼠体质量。分析切除大鼠不同卵巢体积对其动情周期及体质量的影响。结果 E组以及F组大鼠的动情周期与其余4组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,动情周期天数高于其余4组。F组大鼠体质量明显高于其余5组（P<0.05）。结论 大鼠卵巢切除超过单侧全部+对侧3/4组时对动情周期有影响,双侧全切对体质量有影响。     

机械法和胰酶法分离大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞的比较

目的 探讨胰酶法分离大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞的优势。方法 取3～4周龄雌性SD大鼠的卵巢,分别采用机械法和胰酶法分离颗粒细胞并进行培养。机械法：于40倍解剖显微镜下用针头刺破卵巢成熟的卵泡,将含有卵巢剩余组织及卵泡液的培养液用200目滤网过滤;胰酶法：用无菌眼科剪将卵巢剪成小于2 mm³的小碎块,然后加入0.25%胰酶,室温消化1 h后,将含有卵巢碎块的消化液用200目滤网过滤。比较这2种分离方法获得的细胞数量、细胞活力,及雌二醇和孕酮的分泌情况。结果 机械法和胰酶法这2种方法分离的原代大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞存活率均>90%。将细胞培养1～9 d,除24 h外,其余各时间点胰酶法分离的细胞增殖率均高于机械法;胰酶法细胞增殖率峰值出现时间早于机械法24 h,并且胰酶法分离的细胞最大增殖率[72 h：（210.09±0.95）%]高于机械法[96 h：（180.50±0.74）%],差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。胰酶法分离的细胞激素的最大分泌量、每日平均分泌量及分泌总量均高于机械法,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 胰酶法分离的大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞在细胞活力和激素分泌功能方面均优于机械法,值得在卵巢早衰的研究中推广使用。     

腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剔除术中双极电凝止血对卵巢功能的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剔除术中双极电凝止血对卵巢功能的影响。方法:分析我院2008年1月～2011年2月行卵巢囊肿剔除术143例患者的月经和性激素的变化。其中单侧卵巢囊肿腹腔镜剔除术61例,开腹剔除术42例;双侧卵巢囊肿腹腔镜剔除术17例,开腹剔除术23例。腹腔镜手术采用双极电凝止血,开腹手术采用卵巢创面缝合止血。结果:单、双侧卵巢囊肿剔除术后6月,腹腔镜组与开腹组患者月经异常的发生率差异均不显著。单、双侧卵巢囊肿剔除术后1月、3月,患者血清E2水平均显著下降,FSH水平和LH水平均显著上升,但腹腔镜组与开腹组差异均不显著;术后6月,患者血清E2、FSH、LH均恢复至术前水平。结论:腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剔除术中双极电凝止血不加重对卵巢功能的影响。     

Effect of Acupuncture on Ovary Morphology and Function in DHEA-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model Rats

Objective To investigate the effects of acupuncture on ovary morphology and function in dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)-induced polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)model rats.Methods A total of 40 adult female Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups by a random number table,including control,model,metformin and acupuncture groups,10 rats in each group.PCOS rat model was developed by injecting with DHEA(6 mg/100 g body weight)in 0.2 mL of oil subcutaneously.Electrical stimulation(2 Hz,3 mA)was applied to Guanyuan(CV 4),Zigong(EX-CA1)and Qihai(CV 6)acupoints for 30 min daily in the acupuncture group,and metformin(200 mg/kg)was given to rats in the metformin group,both once per day for 21 consecutive days,and rats in the normal group was fed with normal saline and fed regularly.After 21 days of administration,the rat blood samples were collected for detecting the reproductive hormonal levels[luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),estradiol(E2),progesterone(P),testosterone(T)]and inflammatory factors(visfatin,IL-6)analysis.Ovary tissue was used for histopathological analysis.Results Compared with the model group,rats in the acupuncture and metformin groups were significantly lower in weight gain,FSH,LH and T levels,and E2 and P levels significantly increased(alll P<0.05).Meanwhile,LH and FSH levels were significantly decreased,and P,T and E2 levels significantly increased in the acupuncture group,compared with the metformin group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,IL-6 and visfatin levels were significantly decreased in the acupuncture and metformin groups(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in IL-6 and visfatin levels between the acupuncture and metformin groups(P>0.05).Ovarian diameter in the acupuncture and metformin groups were smaller than the model group(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in ovarian diameters between the acupuncture and metformin groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture might improve ovary morphology and its function in DHEA-induced PCOS model rats.     

类多囊卵巢综合征大鼠模型的比较研究

目的复制用雄激素及人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）诱导的两种类多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）大鼠模型，比较两种模型的差异。方法模型1组给9日龄SD雌性大鼠注射丙酸睾丸酮，模型2组给予24日龄SD雌性大鼠皮下埋植左炔诺孕酮，3d后所有模型2组大鼠皮下注射HCG9d。复制出两种类PCOS大鼠模型，分别观察两组模型的排卵情况、卵巢形态学改变、血浆雄激素（T）、雌二醇（E2）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）、空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平。结果模型1组与模型2组大鼠卵巢均成多囊性改变，卵泡囊性扩张，颗粒细胞层数减少、膜间质细胞增生；但模型1组大鼠卵巢体积较其正常对照组缩小，模型2组大鼠卵巢体积较其正常对照组增加。模型1、2组大鼠血清总T、FINS、FPG水平均明显升高；模型1组大鼠血清E2水平较其正常对照组升高，血清FSH、LH水平较其正常对照组降低；模型2组大鼠血清FSH、E2水平较其正常对照组下降，血清LH水平较其正常对照组升高。结论丙酸睾丸酮和HCG诱导的两种类型PCOS大鼠动物模型多囊卵巢、高雄激素血症、高胰岛素血症等现象均与人PCOS类似，两组虽然在某些方面与人PCOS存在一定差异，但却各自有其与人PCOS相似的特征，两者均可作为类PCOS动物模型用于不排卵的研究目的。     

补肾助孕方对肾虚薄型子宫内膜大鼠组织形态ERa、PR表达影响及容受性的调控作用

目的 观察补肾助孕方对肾虚薄型大鼠子宫内膜、卵巢组织形态影响及ERa、PR表达变化,探讨中药对子宫内膜容受性的调控作用.方法 雌性SD大鼠30只随机分为正常组、模型组、中药组,每组10只.后两组经羟基脲灌胃建立肾虚薄型子宫内膜大鼠模型.模型成功后,中药组给予补肾助孕方0.3 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,对照组和模型组给予等...     

输卵管切除术对卵巢功能的影响

目的：研究输卵管切除术对卵巢功能的影响。方法：以行体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF—ET）的单侧（54例）和双侧（64例）输卵管切除的不孕患者为研究组，以同期双侧输卵管堵塞的不孕患者（59例）为对照组。比较三组患者基础内分泌值、超促排卵周期中的获卵情况、促性腺激素（Gn）用量及妊娠结局。结果：三组患者各项基础内分泌值均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）；双侧输卵管切除组的Gn用量、用药天数多于双侧输卵管堵塞组，获卵数少于双侧输卵管堵塞组（P〈0．05）；单侧输卵管切除组的Gn用药天数多于双侧输卵管堵塞组（P〈0．05），其获卵数、总Gn用量与双侧输卵管切除组、双侧输卵管堵塞组比较差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）；单侧输卵管切除患者输卵管切除侧获卵数明显少于输卵管未切除侧（P〈0．05）。三组患者的受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、着床率、临床妊娠率、优质胚胎数无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：输卵管切除术对IVF—ET周期妊娠结局无显著影响，在一定时间内不引起患者基础内分泌的改变，但降低手术侧卵巢的反应性。     

BDNF 及其受体在多囊卵巢综合征大鼠中的表达?

目的：研究脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及其受体基因在来曲唑诱导的多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)大鼠模型卵巢组织中的定量表达。方法将 SD 大鼠分成两组,模型组20只,对照组20只,每日定时称量大鼠体质量并观察两组大鼠的体质量变化。应用来曲唑诱导大鼠 PCOS 模型,放射免疫法测定血清性激素水平,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察卵巢组织学变化,实时定量荧光 PCR 法检测 BDNF 及 TrkB、p75基因的表达。结果模型组增加的体质量显著高于对照组(P <0.01)。与对照组比较,模型组血清睾酮、促黄体生成激素、促卵泡激素水平显著增高,雌二醇、孕酮水平显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。模型组卵巢体积增大,囊状扩张卵泡明显增多,黄体数量明显减少。模型组卵巢组织中 BDNF mRNA 和 p75 mRNA 水平显著高于对照组(P <0.05),而 TrkB mRNA 水平显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论卵巢组织内 BDNF/TrkB/p75表达水平的变化可能与 PCOS 卵泡发育障碍相关。     

超速冷冻法冷冻保存大鼠卵巢组织的实验研究

目的探讨超速冷冻法对SD大鼠卵巢组织的冷冻保存功效。方法采用液氮直投法冷冻大鼠卵巢组织。计数冻融后卵巢组织内形态正常始基卵泡数量。将卵巢组织自体移植，术后35天处死动物，测定血清雌二醇（E2）水平。结果新鲜和冻融后的大鼠卵巢组织中形态正常始基卵泡数量无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。移植术后35天，两移植组血清E2水平无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论液氮直投超速冷冻法可以有效的保存卵巢组织，对大鼠卵巢组织学和功能的影响较小。     

归芍宫安胶囊治疗大鼠子宫肌瘤的实验研究

目的:研究归芍宫安胶囊(GSGAJN)对子宫肌瘤的治疗作用,为此新药的临床应用提供依据.方法:给大鼠肌注雌、孕激素造成子宫肌瘤模型,在此基础上运用GSGAJN治疗,观察GSGAJN对子宫肌瘤模型的治疗作用,并测定大鼠血清中雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)的水平.结果:模型大鼠血清雌、孕激素水平明显高于正常大鼠,GSGAJN可降低血清中卵巢激素的水平,并可抑制子宫平滑肌的增生.结论:GSGAJN可通过调节卵巢激素治疗子宫肌瘤.     

子宫肌瘤手术时卵巢去留的问题

作者测定了因子宫肌瘤行子宫切除后5年以内的患者的卵巢功能,结果保留双侧卵巢者,卵巢功能正常,并能继续排卵。保留单侧卵巢10例中7例功能正常,2例无排卵,1例卵巢早衰。认为50岁以下,因肌瘤切除子宫时,应保留正常卵巢。保留双侧卵巢比单侧更好。凡卵巢与同侧输卵管均正常者,应当一并保留。