乙型肝炎病毒X基因对肾小管上皮细胞间质转分化的影响

目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)X基因表达蛋白HBX对体外培养的人近端肾小管上皮细胞株(HK-2)细胞形态及转分化的影响.方法 用分子克隆的方法构建pcDNA3.1-myc-HBX质粒,采用脂质体转染法瞬时转染HK-2细胞,Q-PCR及Western印迹法验证HBX在HK-2细胞中的表达.以未转染质粒和转染空载质粒pcDNA3.1-myc作为对照.用显微镜观察转染pcDNA3.1-myc-HBX质粒后HK-2细胞形态,用Western印迹及Q-PCR法检测细胞转分化标志蛋白α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、E钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)的表达;ELISA检测细胞上清液中白细胞介素(IL)-1、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的表达.结果 转染HBX后的HK-2细胞中存在HBX的高表达,证实转染成功.转染pcDNA3.1-myc-HBX质粒的HK-2细胞数量明显下降,细胞形态不规则,细胞状态受损;转染pcDNA3.1-myc-HBX质粒的HK-2细胞可上调E-cadherin及α-SMA表达;细胞上清液中高表达IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α(P＜ 0.01).结论 HBX质粒转染HK-2细胞后可引起细胞数目和形态的变化,并促进肾小管上皮细胞发生上皮间质转分化,肾小管上皮细胞周围炎性微环境的改变可能是其发生上皮间质转分化的原因之一.     

贲门癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及细胞因子表达的变化

目的 观察贲门癌手术患者机体免疫状态的变化.方法 采用流式细胞术检测97例贲门癌患者T淋巴细胞亚群(Th1、Th2、CD3+、CD4+、CD8+细胞),采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验( ELISA)检测血清中白细胞介素(IL)-2、干扰素(IFN)-γ、IL-4、IL-10、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体R(sIL-2R)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-β水平.结果 贲门癌患者术前外周血Th1/Th2细胞比值(0.43±0.13)较正常对照组(0.58±0.12)降低(P＜0.05),其Th1细胞表达的IL-2、IFN-γ等细胞因子水平低于正常对照组;Th2细胞表达的IL-4、IL-10细胞因子水平高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).T细胞介导的细胞免疫及血清sIL-2R和TNF-β水平与肿瘤TNM分期相关,其特征为:CD3+、CD4+细胞减少(P＜0.05),而CD8+细胞增加(P＜ 0.01);CD4 +/CD8+细胞比值下降(P＜0.01),血清sIL-2R和TNF-β水平升高(p＜0.05) 贲门癌根治术后1个月CD3+、CD4+细胞回升,CD8+细胞回降,同时血清sIL-2R和TNF-β水平降低(P＜0.01).结论 贲门癌患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞比值降低,细胞因子表达失衡,患者存在免疫功能抑制.     

下调LSD1表达对于外周血Th1/Th2分化格局的影响

目的 探讨shLSD1转染人外周血CD4+T细胞后,LSD1的脱甲基酶活性对辅助性T细胞亚群1和亚群2(Th1/Th2)分化格局的影响.方法 收集并利用磁珠分离纯化人外周血CD4+T细胞,PHA刺激活化48 h后,shLSD1和化学抑制剂TCP抑制2种方法抑制LSD1的表达,采用流式细胞术和RT-PCR对人外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及CD4+T细胞功能亚型Th1、Th2的代表细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4进行检测.结果 体外分离培养外周血CD4+T细胞并用转染shLSD1或TCP处理48 h后,流式细胞对胞内基因表达检测显示,shLSD1和TCP组细胞IFN-γ+T细胞比例(26.13±1.89)％和(27.01±1.18)％明显高于对照组(14.67±0.65) ％(P ＜0.05),而IL-4+T细胞比例与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05);RT-PCR检测显示,shLSD1和TCP组IFN-γ mRNA表达明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),IL-4基因表达则没有改变(P＞0.05).结论 LSD1可以引起CD4+T细胞向Th1/Th2分化方向改变,促进Th1方向分化,对Th2方向无明显影响.     

干扰素α抑制乙肝病毒X蛋白诱导的肝癌转移的分子机制研究

目的 研究干扰素α抑制乙肝病毒X蛋白诱导肝细胞癌侵袭转移的分子机制,为肝癌的临床治疗研究提供实验依据.方法 采用脂质体法构建pcDNA 3.1-HBx质粒转染CCL13细胞,将CCL13/HBx细胞与干扰素-α共培养,并用RT-PCR、Western Blot从mRNA和蛋白质水平检测CCL13/pcDNA3.1、CCL13/HBx、CCL13/HBx-INF-α中p202、PTEN基因表达,Transwell实验检测CCL13/pcDNA3.1、CCL13/HBx、CCL13/HBx-INF-α细胞侵袭能力.结果 CCL13/HBx细胞中p202、PTEN基因的mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显低于CCL13/pcDNA3.1细胞和CCL13/HBx-INF-α细胞(P＜0.05),而CCL13/pcDNA3.1细胞与CCL13/HBx-INF-α细胞间表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CCL13/HBx细胞通过Matrigel的细胞数[(37.2±3.8)个/HP]明显多于CCL13/pcDNA3.1[(6.4±1.2)个/HP,t=8.369,P＜0.05]和CCL13/HBx-INF-α细胞[(7.6±1.3)个/HP,t=7.256,P＜0.05],而CCL13/pcDNA3.1与CCL13/HBx-INF-α细胞间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 干扰素α可能通过上调乙肝病毒X蛋白所介导的p202基因、PTEN基因表达,抑制肝癌细胞的侵袭转移.     

CIP4对转化生长因子β1诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞-间充质转分化的影响

目的 观察骨架调节蛋白CIP4（Cdc42 interacting protein 4）对转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞-间充质转分化（EMT）的影响,并探讨其产生的机制。 方法 10 ?滋g/L TGF-β1刺激72 h诱导人近端肾小管上皮细胞（HK-2细胞）向间充质转分化。Western印迹法检测各组细胞内E-cadherin和α-SMA蛋白的表达。倒置显微镜观察细胞形态的变化。根据GenBank人CIP4的完全cDNA序列,设计1条特异性干扰CIP4表达的RNA片段（CIP4-siRNA）和含野生型CIP4的重组真核表达质粒（pcDNA3.1-hCIP4）,利用lipofactamine 2000将其转染HK-2细胞。Western 印迹法检测对照组、TGF-β1刺激组、CIP4-siRNA转染组、pcDNA3.1-CIP4转染组细胞内CIP4、E-cadherin和α-SMA蛋白的表达,共聚焦显微镜观察 E-cadherin和α-SMA蛋白的分布改变;用PI3K-Akt特异性抑制剂渥曼青霉素（wortmannin） 1 μmol/L干预TGF-β1刺激的HK-2细胞48 h,Western 印迹法检测对照组和干预组CIP4表达的变化。 结果 TGF-β1干预后HK-2细胞E-cadherin蛋白表达显著减少（P ＜ 0.05）,α-SMA蛋白表达显著增多（P ＜ 0.05）,细胞形态由典型的上皮细胞向肌成纤维细胞转变,表明TGF-β1诱导肾小管上皮细胞EMT模型成功。CIP4-siRNA抑制TGF-β1诱导的HK-2细胞表达CIP4后,E-cadherin蛋白表达显著增多（P ＜ 0.05）,α-SMA蛋白表达显著减少（P ＜ 0.05）,部分逆转了上述TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞EMT。pcDNA3.1-hCIP4转染使CIP4高表达后,HK-2细胞E-cadherin蛋白表达显著减少（P ＜ 0.05）,α-SMA蛋白表达显著增多（P ＜ 0.05）,诱导了肾小管上皮细胞EMT。用渥曼青霉素干预TGF-β1刺激的HK-2细胞48 h,CIP4可能蛋白表达显著减少（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 TGF-β1通过PI3K-Akt途径上调CIP4表达,CIP4可能进一步参与TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞EMT过程。     

血必净促进内毒素/脂多糖刺激调节性T淋巴细胞凋亡并介导辅助性T淋巴细胞漂移的作用

目的 了解血必净注射液促进LPS刺激CD4+CD25+调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg细胞)凋亡过程及介导辅助性T淋巴细胞(Th)漂移的调节作用.方法 免疫磁珠法分选获得大鼠脾脏CD4+CD25+Treg细胞,分为常规培养对照组、抗CD3/CD28组、抗CD3/CD28+LPS组、抗CD3/CD28+血必净组和抗CD3/CD28+LPS+血必净组,培养3 d后应用流式细胞术检测Treg细胞凋亡率及叉头翼状螺旋转录因子3(Foxp3)表达.将CD4+CD25+Treg细胞与CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞1:1培养,伴刀豆球蛋白A刺激68 h,检测上清液中Th1分泌的γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、Th2分泌的IL-4、Th17分泌的IL-17水平.结果 抗CD3/CD28+LPS+血必净组Treg细胞凋亡率为(45.1±2.7)%,明显高于抗CD3/CD28+LPS组[(29.4±1.6)%,P＜0.01];2组Foxp3平均荧光强度分别为95±9、140±18,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).同时,抗CD3/CD28+LPS+血必净组IFN-γ分泌水平显著高于抗CD3/CD28+LPS组(P＜0.01),IL-4则呈相反变化(P＜0.05),抗CD3/CD28+LPS+血必净组IFN-γ/IL-4较对照组升高(P＜0.01);抗CD3/CD28+血必净组IL-17分泌水平较抗CD3/CD28组明显下降(P＜0.05).结论 CD4+CD25+Treg细胞活化介导了Th1向Th2功能性极化;血必净对LPS诱导的T淋巴细胞免疫功能有重要调节作用,可促进CD4+CD25+Treg细胞凋亡并介导Th2向Th1漂移,从而缓解细胞免疫抑制状态.     

白细胞介素-7促进CD8+T细胞干扰素-γ的分泌增强小鼠抗乳腺肿瘤的免疫效应

目的 观察白细胞介素(IL)-7是否通过促进CD8+T细胞干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)分泌来增强小鼠抗乳腺肿瘤的免疫效应.方法 荷瘤小鼠瘤体内直接注射IL-7真核表达质粒(pcDNA3-IL-7);免疫磁珠分选CD4+T、CD8+T细胞并体外培养;流式细胞仪检测细胞内干扰素(IFN)-γ的分泌量;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测培养上清IFN-γ的量;噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测CD8+T细胞体外杀伤活性;小鼠体内预先注射anti-CD8抗体阻断活化.结果 pcDNA3-IL-7注射组CD8+T细胞内IFN-γ(38.6±4.4)％、CD8+T细胞培养上清IFN-γ( 136.0±11.2) ng/L,与对照组比较,pcDNA3-IL-7明显促进CD8+T细胞IFN-γ表达量(P＜0.05);IL-7处理过的荷瘤小鼠CD8+T细胞杀伤活性显著增强,尤其效靶比为100∶1;小鼠体内预先注射anti-CD8抗体阻断CD8+T细胞活化,显著抑制IL-7抗瘤效应(P＜0.05).结论 IL-7通过促进小鼠体内CD8+T细胞分泌IFN-γ介导抗瘤效应,从而增强小鼠机体抗乳腺肿瘤的免疫反应.     

CIP4在肾间质纤维化中的表达及作用

目的 观察骨架调节蛋白CIP4（Cdc42 interacting protein-4）在肾纤维化过程中表达水平、细胞内定位及高表达的CIP4基因对人肾小管上皮细胞E钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）、波形蛋白（vimentin）的表达和β连环素（β-catenin）酪氨酸磷酸化水平的影响。 方法 体外实验以人近端肾小管上皮细胞（HK-2细胞）为研究对象,10 μg/L TGF-β1刺激72 h诱导HK-2细胞转分化; Western 印迹法检测各组细胞内CIP4、E-cadherin、vimentin蛋白的表达;RT-PCR法检测细胞内CIP4 mRNA表达水平;激光共聚焦显微镜观察CIP4在细胞内定位。体内实验以SD大鼠为研究对象,5/6肾切除法制作慢性肾纤维化模型;常规检测BUN和Scr水平;Masson染色检测肾组织纤维化水平;免疫组化法检测肾组织内CIP4蛋白的表达和分布。脂质体法介导含野生型CIP4的重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-CIP4或pcDNA3.1-Zeo（空载体）转染HK-2细胞,Wetern 印迹法检查转染的效率。稳定转染成功后,Wetern 印迹法检测正常组、pcDNA-CIP4转染组和空载体转染组细胞内E-cadherin、vimentin蛋白的表达和β-catenin酪氨酸磷酸化水平。 结果 正常HK-2细胞表达E-cadherin和少量的CIP4,几乎不表达vimentin。TGF-β1干预组细胞vimentin蛋白表达增加（P ＜ 0.05）,E-cadherin蛋白表达减少（P ＜ 0.05）,CIP4 mRNA和蛋白表达均显著增多（P ＜ 0.05）。CIP4在正常细胞内大部分在细胞膜,少量在细胞质,在转分化的HK-2细胞表达显著增多,并向细胞质和细胞核聚集。假手术组大鼠肾功能正常,肾组织内未见明显纤维化组织,CIP4在肾小管表达较少,肾小球内几乎不表达;模型组大鼠BUN和Scr增高,肾组织内可见明显纤维化组织,CIP4在肾小管表达明显增加。pcDNA3.1-CIP4转染组较正常组和空载体转染组细胞内CIP4表达增多（P ＜ 0.05）,β-catenin酪氨酸磷酸化水平和vimentin蛋白表达增加（P ＜ 0.05）,而E-cadherin蛋白表达减少（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 CIP4高表达可能参与肾小管上皮细胞-间充质细胞转分化,促进肾间质纤维化。     

重组pEGFP-N1-H2Bl质粒载体诱导心脏移植免疫耐受

目的 探讨H2-Bl基因诱导小鼠心脏移植免疫耐受的机制和效果.方法 建立小鼠颈部心脏异位移植模型,供体心脏经主动脉根部灌注H2-Bl质粒真核表达载体后进行心脏移植.实验分4组:对照组、环孢素A(CsA)组、H2-Bl质粒转染组、H2-Bl质粒转染+CsA组.各组于术后1、3和7天各动态枪测供心病理改变,免疫组织化学方法测供心CD40表达情况,流式细胞仪检测供心血清中Th1/Th2细胞因子变化,记录移植心脏存活时间.结果 对照组移植后排斥反应最重,其余组与之比较均有所减轻,以H2-Bl质粒转染+CsA组排斥反应最轻.免疫组化显示术后7天时H2-Bl质粒转染组CD40与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),CsA组、H2-Bl+CsA组CD40与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).H2-Bl+CsA组Th2细胞因子表达较其余组增加而Th1细胞因子则减少,到术后7天时各组Th细胞因子与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,其余各组小鼠供心存活天数均延长(P＜0.05).结论 H2-Bl基因干预可一定程度诱导移植心脏免疫耐受,延长同种异体小鼠颈部移植心脏存活时间.     

RhoC基因对肝癌细胞促血管生长因子表达的影响

目的:观察RhoC基因对肝癌HepG2细胞表达促血管生长因子（VEGF，bFGF）的影响。 方法:将pcDNA3.1-RhoC重组质粒和空载体pcDNA3.1转染HepG2细胞，用RT-PCR及免疫组化检测HepG2细胞的RhoC mRNA及RhoC蛋白表达情况;RT-PCR及免疫组化检测HepG2细胞VEGF和bFGFmRNA及蛋白的表达。将转染pcDNA3.1-RhoC重组质粒和空载体pcDNA3.1的HepG2细胞接种裸鼠，观察肿瘤的成瘤率。结果:与转染空载体pcDNA3.1的HepG2细胞相比，转染pcDNA3.1-RhoC重组质粒的细胞表达RhoC mRNA及RhoC 蛋白增强，其表达VEGF和bFGFmRNA及蛋白明显增强（P＜0.01）;重组质粒转染组成瘤率高于空载体组。结论:RhoC表达可促进HepG2细胞表达血管内皮生成因子。RhoC可促进肝癌细胞分泌促血管生长因子，可能是促进肝癌侵袭、转移的机制之一。     

Effect of hepatitis B virus X gene on apoptosis and immune molecules of renal tubular epithelial cells

Objective To investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus X (HBX) gene on apoptosis and immune molecules of human proximal renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2). Methods The eukaryotic vector pcDNA3.1-myc-HBX containing HBX gene was transiently transfected into HK-2 cells by lipofectamine mediation. Untransfected HK-2 cells and those transfected with empty vector were used as controls. The TLR4 expression was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The apoptosis of cells and expression of MHC-Ⅱ and CD40 were detected by flow cytometry, and the contents of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the supernatant were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with control groups, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased in the HBX transfection group (P＜0.05), and the expressions of TLR4, MHC-Ⅱ and CD40 were also significantly increased in the HBX transfection group (all P＜0.05). IFN-γ level in the supernatant of HBX transfection group was higher (P＜0.05), but IL-4 level was lower as compared to control groups (all P＜0.05). Conclusions Over-expression of HBX gene may induce apoptosis of HK-2 cells and up-regulate the expression of immune molecules of renal tubular epithelial cells leading to injury of cells and dysfunction of immunomicroenviroment.     

核心岩藻糖基转移酶siRNA抑制肾小管上皮细胞转化生长因子β-Smad2/3通路活化

目的 探讨α-1,6核心岩藻糖基转移酶（FUT8）小分子干扰RNA（siRNA）对肾小管上皮细胞转化生长因子（TGF）β-Smad2/3信号通路的影响。 方法 HK-2细胞共分为6组：正常组、阴性对照组、TGF-β1组、TGF-β1加FUT8干扰组、TGF-β1加阴性对照组、FUT8干扰组。利用外源性TGF-β1激活HK-2细胞TGF-β-Smad2/3信号通路。应用siRNA技术沉默FUT8。用免疫荧光方法测定细胞表面核心岩藻糖链表达;用免疫沉淀、凝集素免疫印迹以及免疫双染的方法测定FUT8基因沉默后TGF-βⅡ型受体（TGF-βRⅡ）、TGF-βⅠ型受体（ALK-5）的核心岩藻糖基化变化,并检测Smad2/3蛋白表达和磷酸化（p）-Smad2/3蛋白表达及其核转位的变化。 结果 与正常组及阴性对照组相比,加入5 μg/L的TGF-β1孵育HK-2细胞48 h,能显著上调 TGF-βRⅡ和ALK-5蛋白表达水平（P < 0.05）,导致p-Smad2/3表达水平明显升高（P < 0.05）,并促使其发生核转位。HK-2细胞表面存在核心岩藻糖链表达。与正常组及阴性对照组相比,TGF-β1孵育后,TGF-βRⅡ与ALK-5两种受体的核心岩藻糖链均显著升高（P < 0.05）,FUT8 siRNA能显著抑制TGF-βRⅡ与ALK-5核心岩藻糖链表达（P < 0.05）,从而抑制p-Smad2/3表达升高（P < 0.05）及其核转位,但不影响TGF-βRⅡ和 ALK-5的蛋白表达（P > 0.05）。 结论 在肾小管上皮细胞中,TGF-βRⅡ和ALK-5蛋白翻译后的核心岩藻糖基化修饰是它们发挥生物学功能所需要的,阻止TGF-βRⅡ和ALK-5的核心岩藻糖基化,能抑制TGF-β-Smad2/3信号转导通路的活化。     

瘤体内直接注射白细胞介素-7基因抗小鼠乳腺肿瘤免疫效应的研究

目的 观察瘤体内直接注射白细胞介素(IL)-7基因抗小鼠乳腺肿瘤免疫效应.方法 构建IL-7真核表达质粒(pcDNA3-IL-7);建立乳腺癌TM40D细胞BALB/C小鼠移植模型;瘤体内直接注射pcDNA3-IL-7,观察小鼠肿瘤体积变化;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测外周血干扰素(IFN)-γ含量;流式细胞仪检测胞内IFN-γ的分泌量;局部肿瘤经治疗后行常规病理分析.结果 成功构建pcDNA3-IL-7;与对照磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)组(115.2±11.8) ng/L、pcDNA3组(133.6±9.4) ng/L比较,pcDNA3 -IL-7注射组(242.3±10.1)ng/L外周血IFN-γ明显增高;pcDNA3-IL-7明显抑制肿瘤生长(P＜0.05);流式细胞仪检测显示pcDNA3-IL-7显著促进CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞内IFN-γ的分泌量;常规病理显示pcDNA3 -IL-7注射组肿瘤组织大量坏死,炎性细胞和大量淋巴细胞浸润.结论 瘤体内直接注射pcDNA3-IL-7明显抑制小鼠乳腺肿瘤生长,显著促进IFN-γ分泌,增强了小鼠机体抗乳腺肿瘤的免疫效应.     

Activation of CXCL16 pathway by inflammation accelerates the progression of diabetic nephropathy

Objective To investigate the potential role of CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16)/CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) pathway in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods 8 - week old male db/db mice were randomly divided into DN group and DN inflamed group. 10% casein was subcutaneously injected to induce the DN mouse model with inflammation. In vitro, HK-2 cells were treated with high glucose (HG), and IL-1β + HG to investigate the effect of inflammatory stress on HK-2 cells. Further knockdown CXCL16 was mediated by RNA interference to determine the effects of CXCl16, then cells were divided into HG + IL-1β group, HG + IL-1β + siCXCL16 group and HG + IL-1β + vehicle group. Changes of renal function in mice were assessed by 24 h proteinuria and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) during 8 weeks. The ultra- microstructure was checked by electron microscopy at 8th week. Lipid accumulation in kidneys and HK - 2 were observed by Filipin staining and quantitative assay of intracellular free cholesterol. The protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-10 (ADAM10), fibronectin and α smooth muscle actin (α - SMA) in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mRNA and protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin and α-SMA in HK-2 cells were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, and protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6 and ADAM10 in HK - 2 cells were also tested by cell immunofluorescence. Results Mice in DN inflamed group had higher 24 h proteinuria and NAG than those in DN group, and the differences between two groups shown statistical significance at 8th week (all P＜0.05). Compared with DN mice, DN inflamed mice had more vacuoles within renal tubular cells, with mitochondrial swelling, deformation and decrease. Lipid accumulation and protein expressions of fibronectin and α-SMA were increased in DN inflamed group when compared with DN group (all P＜ 0.05). Further, the expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10 were significantly increased in DN inflamed group (all P＜0.05). In vitro, the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin and α-SMA, and lipid accumulation were increased in high glucose plus IL-1β group when compared with high glucose group (all P＜0.05). However, after siRNA of CXCL16 transfection, the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin and α-SMA were down-regulated in HG+IL-1β+siCXCL16 group as compared with high glucose+IL-1β group (all P＜0.05). Furthermore, lipid accumulation was decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusion Inflammation accelerates tubulointerstitial injury in DN partly through the activation of CXCL16 pathway, which may facilitate the lipid accumulation in tubular epithelial cells.     

曲尼司特对环孢素A诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质转变的抑制作用

目的 研究曲尼司特(Tran)对环孢素A(CsA)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)向间充质转变的影响,并探讨该药抗纤维化的机制.方法 所有用于实验的HK-2细胞株均为8～12代细胞,分为4组:(1)空白对照组,收获细胞,不做任何处理;(2)CsA组,加入4.2μmol/LCsA;(3)CsA+Tran组,预先加入100μmol/L Tran,作用2 h后再加入4.2 μmol/L CsA;(4)Tran组,仅加入100μmol/L Tran.72 h后于共聚焦显微镜下观察各组细胞形态学变化;用免疫荧光法以及免疫印迹法检测各组钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、平滑肌肌动蛋白α(α-SMA)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)的表达.结果 HK-2细胞在正常情况下表现为典型的"鹅卵石"样形态,细胞圆钝,且与邻近的细胞连接较为紧密;空白对照组和Tran组细胞表现为典型的HK-2细胞形态;CsA组细胞变狭长,甚至向周边伸出"伪足"样改变,细胞间连接较为稀疏;CsA+Tran组的细胞形态学改变有明显改善.CsA组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强度明显弱于对照组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达强于对照组;CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强于CsA组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达弱于CsA组.免疫印迹检查中,CsA组细胞E-cadherin 的表达明显低于对照组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达明显高于对照组,CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin的表达高于CsA组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达低于CsA组.结论 曲尼司特能抑制CsA诱导的HK-2细胞由肾小管上皮向间充质细胞转化的过程,其机制可能与抑制OPN的表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.     

MicroRNA-503 regulates high-glucose induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by targeting Bcl-2

Objective To investigate the expression vibration of microRNA-503(miR-503) and its effect on target gene Bcl-2, caspase enzyme activity and apoptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) induced by high glucose, and to clarify the pathogenesis of renal tubular injury induced by high glucose. Methods HK-2 cells were cultured in normal glucose group (NG), mannitol hypertonic control group (MA), and high glucose group (HG). The morphology of apoptotic cells was observed using inverted microscope. The expression of miR-503 was determined using real-time quantitative PCR. The apoptosis rate of HK-2 cells was detected by Annexin Ⅴ-FITC double dye using flow cytometry instrument. The expression of Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-9 were detected by Western blotting. Results In the high glucose and mannitol groups HK-2 cell, an obviously increased apoptotic rate was observed under inverted microscope compared with normal glucose group (P＜0.05). MA and HG up-regulated miR-503 expression (P＜0.01), down-regulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression (P＜0.05) and up-regulated cleaved caspase-9 (P＜0.05). Conclusions The expression of miR-503 increases in HK-2 cells cultured by high glucose and mannitol. MiR-503 promotes apoptosis of HK-2 cells via activating mitochondrial apoptotic pathways and enhancing cleaved caspase-9 for Bcl-2 insufficiency. The tubular toxicity of high glucose is partly due to osmotic pressure. The miR-503 may be involved in diabetic tubular injury and may be a new therapeutic target of DN.     

Role of Wnt signaling pathway on the epithelial to mesenchymal transition induced by parathyroid hormone in renal tubular epithelial cells

Objective To observe the effect of parathyroid hormone on transdifferentiation of human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2), and to investigate the role of Wnt signaling pathway in this process. Methods The expression of α-SMA, E-cadherin mRNA and protein was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. After the induction of 10-10 mol/L PTH for 48 h, the Wnt pathway associated gene expression profiling was detected by quantitative PCR-microarray. The expression of Wnt4 mRNA and protein under various concentrations of PTH or after exposed to 10-10 mol/L PTH for different time was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The overexpression and knock-down plasmids of Wnt4 were constructed and the expression of α-SMA, E-cadherin, Wnt4 mRNA and protein was detected by real-time PCR and western blotting after overexpression and knockdown of Wnt4. Results Compared with PTH group, the expression of α-SMA mRNA and protein in PTH+DKK1 group was significantly down-regulated, while E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression was significantly up-regulated (all P＜0.01). PTH treatment resulted in the up-regulation of 18 genes and down-regulation of 9 genes associated with Wnt pathway. Compared with control group, the expression of Wnt4 mRNA and protein increased markedly in PTH group (all P＜0.01). The expression of α-SMA mRNA and protein was significantly up-regulated and E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression was significantly down-regulated after overexpression of Wnt4 and PTH treatment (all P＜0.05), while the expression of α-SMA mRNA and protein was significantly down-regulted and E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression was significantly down-regulated after knockdown of Wnt4 and PTH treatment (all P＜0.05). Conclusions PTH-induced EMT in HK-2 cells is mediated by Wnt signal pathway, and Wnt4 might be a key gene during PTH-induced EMT.     

Circulating miRNA-130b-3p promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting expression of ERBB2IP and PPARγ

Objective To investigate a possible molecular mechanism of MiRNA-130b-3p involved in renal damage. Methods Human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were transfected with MiR-130b-3p mimics or normal control mimics. Then HK-2 cells were stimulated with 10 μg/L recombinant TGF-β1 for 72 h. After 72 h, the mRNA and protein expression of Collegen Ⅳ, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Collegen Ⅰand E-cadherin were quantified by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The mRNA and protein expression of ERBB2IP and PPARγ were also detected. The reporter plasmids containing ERBB2IP 3'-UTR and PPARγ 3'-UTR were constructed. The activity of ERBB2IP and PPARγ were detected by dual luciferase report system. Results Compared to NC mimic group,transfection of HK-2 cells with MiR-130b-3p mimics resulted in significantly increased expression of mRNA and protein of Collegen Ⅳ, α-SMA, Collegen Ⅰ, and decreased expression of E-cadherin after stimulating by TGF-β1 (all P＜0.05). And MiR-130b-3p mimic could significantly down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of ERBB2IP and PPARγ in HK-2 cells (all P＜0.05) whether in the presence of TGF-β1 or not. The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that MiR-130b-3p induced decreased ERBB2IP 3'-UTR luciferase activity compared to NC mimic group, but there was no significant difference between NC mimic group and mut-MiR-130b-3p mimic group. MiR-130b-3p mimic+mut-PPARγ-3'UTR cotransfection group had lower PPARγ luciferase activity than NC mimic + mut-PPARγ-3'UTR group , and MiR-130b-3p+PPARγ-3'UTR group got lower further (all P＜0.01). Conclusions MiR-130b-3p promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal tubular epithelial cells by directly targeting at the 3'-UTR of ERBB2IP and PPARγ, which may play an important role in renal damage of early stage lupus nephritis.