伴11q23异常的急性髓系白血病的细胞遗传学分析

11q23易位在急性白血病（acute leukemia，AL）中是常发生的遗传学改变，表现异常的临床和生物学特征，可见于急性髓细胞白血病（acute myeloid leukemia，AML）、急性淋巴细胞白血病（acute lymphoblastic leukemia，ALL）、骨髓增生异常综合征（myelodysplastic syndrome，MDS）、Ph染色体阴性的慢性粒细胞白血病和治疗相关性白血病等多种恶性血液病。     

获得性21三体髓系恶性血液病的生物学特征及预后意义

目的：系统分析21三体髓系恶性血液病临床特征及预后意义。方法：应用常规细胞遗传学技术对536例急性髓系白血病（AML）、145例骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）进行检测，随访疗效及生存状况。结果：18例21三体患者在AML和MDS的发病率分别为1．68％和6．21％。作为孤立异常分别为0．18％及2．74％。伴有结核病、银屑病及毒物接触史患者（38．89％）比非21三体患者（8．45％）显著增多（P＜0．01）。AML以M2a多见。MDS转白血病均为M4a。55．56％AML获得完全缓解，中位生存期10个月。5例M2a型中位生存期仅为3个月，与染色体核型正常患者相比显著缩短（P＜0．05）。结论：原发或孤立出现的21三体AML通常与M2a型相关，且多有其他疾病史或毒物接触史，预后极差。MDS转白类型常为M4a，预后不良。     

南方汉族KIR-HLA系统分子遗传多态性与急性白血病的相关性

目的:探讨中国南方汉族人群KIR-HLA系统分子遗传多态性与急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL)、急性髓系白血病(acute myelocytic leukemia, AML)的相关性。方法:对323份成年ALL、350份成年AML患者以及745份随机健康对照的样本,...     

17例伴有等臂7q异常恶性血液病患者的临床和预后特点

i（7q）是恶性血液病中一种少见的非随机核型异常，主要见于急性淋巴细胞白血病（acute lymphoblastic leukemja，ALL），其次也可见于急性髓细胞白血病（acute myeloid leukernia，AML）、慢性髓细胞白血病（chronic myeloid leukernja，CML）和淋巴瘤。我们对17例伴有i（7q）异常恶性血液病患者的临床和细胞遗传学资料进行分析，以探讨其临床和预后特点。     

8号染色体三体38例临床及实验研究

目的 探讨8号染色体三体(8三体)在血液病尤其是髓系疾病发生、发展中的作用及其预后价值。方法 应用8号染色体着丝粒探针对38例染色体核型为8三体的患者进行荧光原位杂交(fluoresence in situ hybridization，FISH)检测。结果 38例患者中32例为髓系疾病(骨髓增生异常综合征、急性髓细胞白血病、慢性髓细胞白血病等)，占84．2％，17例单纯的中8三体患者中14例为髓系疾病(骨髓增生异常综合征、急性单核细胞白血病等)(82．4％)；髓系疾病8三体的发生率高于淋系疾病(5％比1．3％)，而8三体在急性单核细胞白血病中的发生率明显高于其它急性髓细胞白血病(6．1％比2．4％)，在慢性粒-单核细胞白血病中的发生率亦高于其它骨髓增生异常综合征患者(25％比13．2％)；17例患者核型为单纯8三体，其它21例同时伴其它异常，主要有t(9；22)、 22、t(15；17)、 9、 11、i(17q)、 19、 21、 12、5q-、-15、1q-等；FISH检测10例单纯8三体患者，结果均为阳性；10例化疗的急性白血病，7例获得缓解(急性早幼粒细胞白血病3例，急性粒细胞白血病部分分化型、急性单核细胞白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病大细胞为主型及急性混合细胞白血病各1例)，3例未获缓解(急性粒细胞白血病部分分化型、急性单核细胞白血病及急性混合细胞白血病各1例)。结论 8三体可能在恶性血液病尤其是髓系疾病的发生发展中具有重要作用；8三体可能与单核细胞的分化异常有关。     

25例急性单核细胞白血病的临床与细胞遗传学分析

目的研究急性单核细胞白血病(acute monocytic leukemia,AML,M5)的细胞遗传学、血液学与预后的相互关系。方法采用骨髓直接法、24h短期培养法及72h培养法制备染色体标本,用R显带技术,对25例M5进行核型分析。结果25例M5中,发现有异常核型17例,发生率68.0%(17/25)。其中9例有11号染色体相关异常,5例有数目异常,3例有其它异常;其中6例涉及两种以上染色体异常。结论11q23是M5中最为常见的染色体核型异常,伴此种核型异常的染色体预后不良,同时发现正常核型缺乏对预后也有不良影响。     

伴22三体急性髓系白血病的inv(16)FISH研究

目的 探讨伴有22三体(+22)的急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)中inv(16)的发生率,以及inv(16)荧光原位杂交(interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)检测对于+22AML的临床意义.方法 采用红、绿荧光素直接标记的双色断裂点分离的CBFβ基因探针对19例核型分析中伴有+22克隆件异常的AML患者进行间期FISH检测,并与常规细胞遗传学分析结果进行比较.结果 19例+22AML,中FISH检测发现13例(68.4%)为CBFβ重排阳性,包括M4EO 7例,M5 3例,M2a 2例,M1 1例;6例患者CBFβ重排为阴性,包括t(8;21)M2 1例,t(6;11)M5 1例,复杂核型异常2例,不伴有其他异常而以+22作为唯一异常的M2 2例.14例的随访资料显示CBFβ重排阳性的11例中10例尚存活,仅1例死亡,而CBFβ重排阴性的3例均已死亡.结论 +22为inv(16)AML最常见的继发性改变,因此有预测inv(16)AML的价值,+22AML的预后与inv(16)而不是与+22本身相关;FISH检测不仅对于确诊inv(16)有重要价值,而且有助于明确+22AML的预后.     

伴复杂核型异常的髓系恶性血液病中17号染色体异常分析

目的 研究伴复杂核型异常(complex chromosomal abnormalities,CCAs)的髓系恶性血液病中17号染色体的异常特征.方法 经R显带常规细胞遗传学分析显示CCAs的73例髓系恶性血液病,包括21例急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)、36例慢性髓系白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)、16例骨髓增生异常综合征(myelodysplastic syndrome,MDS),并进一步多重荧光原位杂交分析.结果 73例伴CCAs的髓系恶性血液病中,17号染色体异常最常见,占46.5%(34/73),其中AML12例,CML13例,MDS9例,9例CML慢性期患者均未见17号染色体异常.结构异常较多见,总发生率为43.8%(32/73);AML、CML、MDS3组发生率分别为52.4%(11/21)、33.3%(12/36)、56.3%(9/16);所有病例中发生数目异常共15.1%(11/73),三组发生率分别为25.0%(3/12)、38.5%(5/13)、33.3%(3/9),11例数目异常均为-17.有9例同时出现数目异常和结构异常.伴有17号染色体的结构异常中,以非平衡易位多见,3组分别为16、15、8个;平衡易位2个,分别为发生于AML中的t(15;17)及发生于CML中的t(15;17;22).17号染色体结构易位的对手染色体多变,包括了除5号、6号和22号外的所有染色体.结构易位频率最高的对手染色体是15号,占8.2%(6/73);其次为2号,占5.4%(4/73).6例存在17号与15号易位的病例中5例为急性早幼粒白血病,1例为CML急变期.结论 伴CCAs的髓系恶性血液病中17号染色体异常发生率高,以结构异常为主.所有的数目异常均为-17;结构异常以非平衡易位多见.     

髓系恶性血液病8号染色体异常及其与预后的关系

目的研究髓系恶性血液病的8号染色体异常及其与预后的关系。方法 226例髓系恶性血液病初诊患者常规行染色体检查,统计患者4个疗程结束时的治疗效果,观察其与8号染色体异常的关系。结果髓系恶性血液病染色体异常率为61.50%(139/226),染色体异常病例中8号染色体异常发生率为34.53%(48/139),急性髓系白血病(AML)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)和慢性髓细胞白血病(CML)三组患者均检出8号染色体三体;AML结构异常发生率最高,MDS数目异常发生率最高,CML复杂异常发生率最高,CML8号染色体异常均见于加速/急变期。8号染色体异常的患者缓解、未缓解和死亡率分别为10.42%(5/48)、52.08%(25/48)和37.5%(18/48),其中复杂异常的患者缓解率低,未缓解率和死亡率均高于数目异常和结构异常患者。结论 8号染色体异常是髓系恶性血液病中常见的染色体异常,与髓系恶性血液病预后不良有关,复杂异常的患者较数目异常和结构异常的患者疗效差。     

t(8;21)儿童急性髓细胞性白血病临床和生物学特征

目的了解儿童t(8;21)急性髓细胞白血病(acute myeloid leukemia, AML)的临床和生物学特征.方法对41例儿童t(8;21)AML作了回顾性分析,取同期诊治的19例t(8;21)阴性AML作为对照组.分析临床、形态学、染色体、免疫表型和分子生物学等资料.结果本组t(8;21)AML占同期连续的60例儿童急性AML的68.3%,其中典型易位29例、变异易位2例、单纯8q-各2例、t(8;21)为特征的近四倍体2例和隐匿易位6例.37例(80.4%)为M2型AML,大多有下述形态学改变白血病细胞有核凹陷、近核浅染区、胞浆嗜碱性、伴有成熟分化和核浆发育不平衡等;有CD13高表达抗原;绘逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测的23例均检出AML1/ETO融合基因转录本,包括正常核型的6例;t(8;21) AML与对照组相比,完全缓解率差异无显著性(82.4% vs 75%,P>0.05),但复发率的差异有显著性(10.7% vs 41.7%,P<0.05).结论 t(8;21) AML是儿童AML中最常见的类型,主要和M2型有关,具有独特的形态学、免疫学和临床特征.     

伴11号染色体异常的急性髓系白血病的临床和细胞遗传学研究

目的 研究11号染色体异常在急性髓系白血病中的发生率及与临床和预后的关系.方法 采用R带常规显带技术进行染色体检查,对356例急性髓系白血病患者的核型进行分析.结果 356例急性髓系白血病患者中检出11号染色体异常患者34例,占9.55%;其中20例(58.8%)涉及11q23,7例11p15易位(20.6%),5例-11(14.7%),其他少见的核型改变有:+11,t(11;14).11q23中,M4、M5占70%;且有10例同时合并有其他染色体异常.30例进行正规化疗的患者,13例缓解,缓解率低于同期急性髓系白血病的总缓解率(43.3% vs64.0%);伴11q23的急性髓系白血病的缓解率低于染色体正常的急性髓系白血病患者(45% vs67%);11q23伴其他染色体异常的缓解率低于伴单纯11q23者(30% vs60%).7例涉及11p15易位患者3例缓解,2例早期复发.5例-11患者缓解2例.结论 11q23是11号染色体异常中最为常见的核型改变,且多见于急性髓系白血病的M5型,并可能与急性单核细胞白血病的发病有关;伴11号染色体异常的急性髓系白血病患者预后较差.     

11q23异常恶性血液病的临床和细胞遗传学研究

目的 评估１１ｑ２３异常与恶性血液病的临床,血液学和预后的相互联系。方法 采用骨髓直接法和（或）培养法制备色体标本,用Ｒ显带技术,对６０００例恶性血液病进行核型分析。结果 ６０００例恶性血液病中发现２８例有１１ｑ２３异常,发生率为０．４７％。异常类型有７种：ｔ（４;１１）（ｑ２１;ｑ２３）１０例;ｔ（１１;１９）（ｑ２３;ｐ１３）５例;ｔ（９;１１）（ｐ１２;ｑ２３）２例;ｔ（１０;１１）（ｐ１５     

Cytogenetic analysis of hematologic malignancies in Hong Kong. A study of 98 cases.

The karyotypes of 98 patients between the ages of 8 and 81 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are presented. Although the well-described cytogenetic abnormalities associated with particular FAB subtypes in the West were observed, certain important local differences were noted. In ALL, hyperdiploidy was rarely observed, whereas the Philadelphia chromosome was observed in 50% of abnormal karyotypes. In AML, the t(8;21) was infrequently observed in M2 case, whereas trisomy 4 and 6, rarely reported elsewhere, formed 12% of the abnormal cases. In MDS, the incidence of -5/5q- and/or -7/7q- was 83% of cases with aberrant cytogenetic findings. Neither i(17q) nor an extra Ph was seen in 26 cases of CML including 9 cases of accelerated phase/blast crisis. In addition, previously unreported cytogenetic abnormalities occurring as single cases are presented. These findings are discussed in the context of geographical heterogeneity of chromosomal abnormalities in leukemia and emphasize the importance of continued epidemiologic studies of cytogenetics in hematologic malignancies.     

Trisomy/ tetrasomy of chromosome 8 and +i(8q) as the sole chromosome abnormality in three adult patients with myelomonocytic leukemia

We report three cases of tetrasomy 8 associated with myeloid disease. Two patients had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) and the other had acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5 FAB). Two patients had trisomy/tetrasomy chromosome 8 as the sole abnormality. The other patient with CMMoL had two normal 8 chromosomes plus one isochromosome 8q; this is the first case of long arm chromosome 8 tetrasomy without short arm 8 monosomy. This cytogenetic finding suggests the importance of the genes located in the long arms of chromosome 8.     

伴7号染色体异常的急性白血病32例分析

目的探讨7号染色体异常在急性白血病中的发生率及预后意义。方法采用R带常规显带技术进行染色体检查,对410例急性白血病患者的核型进行分析。结果410例急性白血病患者中检出7号染色体异常患者32例,占7.8%;其中-7/7q-19例(59.4%),t(7;11)3例(9.4%),其他为少见的7号染色体改变der(7), 7,t(2;7),t(5;7),t(7;9),t(7;8),dic(1;7)。-7/7q-中,急性髓细胞白血病12例,其中M0、M1、M2型的-7/7q-发生率高于其他类型急性髓细胞白血病。32例患者中20例同时有其他染色体异常,最常见的是t(9;22)伴-7, 8,-5。30例进行正规化疗的患者,11例缓解,缓解率低于同期急性白血病的总缓解率(36.7%vs65.8%);伴-7/7q-的急性髓细胞白血病的缓解率低于染色体正常的急性髓细胞白血病患者(25%vs55.6%);伴-7/7q-的急性淋巴细胞白血病的缓解率与染色体正常的急性淋巴细胞白血病患者无差异(57.1%vs77.8%),但缓解的4例急性淋巴细胞白血病患者均于短期内复发。伴其他7号染色体异常的11例患者仅4例缓解。结论-7/7q-是7号染色体异常中最为常见的核型改变,且多见于急性髓细胞白血病的M0、M1、M2型,并可能与急性白血病的发病有关;伴7号染色体异常的急性白血病患者预后较差。     

Clinical and cytogenetics studies on acute myeloid leukemia with abnormality of chromosome 11

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of chromosome 11 abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia and its relationship with the clinical aspects and prognosis. METHODS:Conventional cytogenetic analysis of R-band was used to detect the abnormalities of chromosome 11 in 356 acute myeloid leukemia patients. RESULTS: Thirty-four out of 356 patients (9.55%) had abnormalities of chromosome 11, of which 20 (58.8%) involved in 11q23, 7 (19.9%) had translocations involving 11p15, 5 (14.7%) had-11, and the rest had other abnormalities such as +11, and t(11;14). The incidence of 11q23 involvement in M4 and M5 was higher than other subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Ten cases with 11q23 abnormality had additional cytogenetic aberrations. In 30 cases treated with chemotherapy, 13 cases acquired complete remission (CR). The CR rate was lower than that of whole cases of acute myeloid leukemia(34.3% versus 64.0%). The CR rate of AML with 11q23 abnormality was lower than that of AML with normal karyotype (25% versus 55.6%). In other 10 patients with additional chromosome aberrations, the CR rate was lower than that of AML with 11q23 alone. In 7 patients with translocations at 11p15, only 3 patients acquired CR, and 2 patients relapsed early. Only 2 patients acquired CR in 5 patients with-11. CONCLUSION: 11q23 was a frequent aberration in chromosome 11 anomaly, which was often detected in M4 and M5. It might be associated with the pathogenesis of acute monolytic leukemia. The patients with chromosome 11 anomaly had poorer prognosis.     

Trisomy 21 as the sole acquired karyotypic abnormality in an adult patient with CD7-positive acute myeloid leukemia.

We report a unique case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in which trisomy 21 was the sole acquired karyotypic abnormality. The blasts were positive for myeloperoxidase, and phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood cells by flow cytometry demonstrated positivity for CD7, CD13, CD33, and CD34. chromosomal analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells showed trisomy 21; however, that of the buccal mucosal membrane revealed a normal karyotype. A diagnosis of CD7+AML (M2) with trisomy 21 was diagnosed and the patient achieved complete remission following treatment with Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group-AML97 protocol. This is the first reported case of CD7+AML with trisomy 21 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality.     

Trisomy 5 as sole anomaly in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

We present a case of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in whose leukemic cells trisomy 5 (+5) was the only cytogenetic anomaly observed. This is the first report of +5 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality in ALL; two cases (one questionable) of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with such a change have been reported. The findings are presented in relation to other cases with +5 as part of a more complicated cytogenetic picture in hematologic disorders.     

Gain of an isochromosome 5p: a new recurrent chromosome abnormality in acute monoblastic leukemia.

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) close associations are known between cytomorphology and cytogenetics such as in AML M3/M3v showing a t(15;17) and in AML M4eo associated with inv(16)/t(16;16). In AML M5 a heterogenous cytogenetic pattern is observed. We describe the gain of an isochromosome of the short arm of chromosome 5 together with the gain of chromosome 8 as the sole abnormalities in two cases of acute monoblastic leukemia. In a third case of acute monoblastic leukemia we also observed the gain of an isochromosome 5p together with trisomy 8. This patient showed in addition an unbalanced translocation between the long arm of chromosome 1 and the short arm of chromosome 14 leading to a trisomy 1q. So far only two cases of AML with i(5)(p10) have been published. In no other hematological malignancy has an isochromosome 5p been reported up to now. As an isochromosome 5p can be misinterpreted as a deletion 5q, which occurs frequently in AML, fluorescence in situ hybridization with loci specific probes is a helpful method to detect this rare abnormality.