下颌升支后缘上移联合面部轮廓整形术同期治疗髁突骨软骨瘤及继发颌骨畸形

目的：研究在髁突骨软骨瘤患者病变髁突切除后,联合采用下颌升支后缘切开上移术和面部轮廓整形术同期治疗其继发颌骨畸形的手术效果,并探讨其临床应用价值。方法选择8例髁突骨软骨瘤的患者,全部采用病变髁突切除+下颌升支后缘切开上移术重建髁突+下颌轮廓整形手术,并辅助术后正畸或颌间结扎,同期治疗患者的髁突疾病及面部不对称问题。结果所有患者对术后效果都比较满意,患者面型不对称畸形、咬合及关节功能异常均得到很大改善,且随访期间髁突骨软骨瘤未见复发。结论髁突骨软骨瘤的病变髁突切除术后同期采用下颌升支后缘切开上移术+下颌轮廓整形手术的联合使用不仅可以摘除肿瘤,还可以有效的改善患者的面容,取得良好的治疗效果。     

下颌骨髁突骨软骨瘤诊疗进展

骨软骨瘤好发于长骨的干骺端,发生于颌面部者极少,文献中报道的病例主要见于下颌区尤其是下颌骨髁突。发生于下颌骨髁突的骨软骨瘤诊断比较困难,髁突骨软骨瘤属于良性肿瘤,可造成颞下颌关节功能紊乱等症状。本文对新近报道下颌骨髁突骨软骨瘤的相关文献进行综合复习,以提高对该疾病的理解。     

下颌支后缘垂直切开上移重建髁突治疗骨软骨瘤

目的:评价下颌支后缘垂直骨切开术用于治疗髁突骨软骨瘤的临床效果.方法:对我院2004-2009年间9例应用髁突切除术及带蒂下颌支后缘上移重建髁突治疗髁突骨软骨瘤的患者进行随访,并通过影像学、咬合关系及颞下颌关节功能进行综合评估.结果:经过至少8个月的随访,所有患者髁突重建后的咬合关系、面形及关节功能均恢复良好.影像学检...     

3D打印导板辅助髁突骨软骨瘤及继发复杂牙颌面畸形的手术治疗

目的:研究3D打印手术导板辅助髁突骨软骨瘤及继发牙颌面畸形同期矫治的临床可行性。方法:根据影像学资料,运用Dolphin Imaging 11.7 Premium 和Mimics软件进行虚拟外科手术设计并制作3D打印手术导板,指导髁突骨软骨瘤及继发牙颌面畸形的手术矫治。通过对比模拟头颅模型与实际术后CT重建模型评估此方法的临床价值。结果:所有患者患侧关节功能、咬合关系以及颜面对称性都得到了良好的恢复。模拟术后模型与术后扫描重建模型对比中,中切牙与第一磨牙的误差均保持在1.4 mm以下,最大误差出现在颏部,约2.4 mm,显示了新方法的准确性。结论:结果显示虚拟外科手术设计和手术导板有助于髁突骨软骨瘤继发牙颌面畸形的准确诊断、治疗方案设计、准确截骨以及重置骨块。     

口腔入路人工颞下颌关节置换术

目的：探讨应用定量截骨锯行口腔入路髁突骨软骨瘤切除人工颞下颌关节置换术。方法：采用口内下颌骨矢状截骨手术入路,用定量截骨锯下颌骨升支后缘垂直截骨,将升支后缘骨块和髁突及骨软骨瘤游离取出,体外直视下病变髁突及骨软骨瘤切除后,人工颞下颌关节与升支后缘骨块固定,再从口腔原切口回植,颞下颌关节重建。5例5侧采用本方法治疗,配合术中术后调[牙合]或矫治器矫治,调整咬合关系。结果：术后6月、12月、24月复查,全部患者开口范围25mm～35mm,平均30．3nm,1例有早接触,下切牙中线过矫正1mm。另1例张口约25mm,轻度受限。3名患者6月复查主诉张口时人工关节侧有异常声响,无疼痛。12月复查时,异常响声基本消失,无主诉关节疼痛与弹响症状。全部患者无面神经、耳大神经损伤,无涎瘘,面颈皮肤无手术疤痕。结论：髁突骨软骨瘤造成面下1／3歪斜畸形,口腔入路具有无外部疤痕优势,且不会损伤面神经。定量截骨锯定量准确,截骨速度较快。     

髁状突骨软骨瘤病1例

目的为偏[牙合]畸形的原因提供一个新的诊断思路。方法报道1例髁状突骨软骨瘤病例,并回顾相关文献。结果1例50岁男性髁状突软骨瘤患者,术前CT检查明确病变部位及大小,全麻下切除病变骨并进行颞下颌关节重建,术后进行颌间牵引,咬合关系恢复良好。结论对状突骨软骨瘤,为避免复发及恶变,须作肿物切除术,如肿物与髁突粘连,须作髁突切除术及颞下颌关节重建,恢复患者的咬合关系。     

下颌髁突骨瘤的外科治疗

作者为介绍髁突骨瘤不同的外科手术治疗方法及其适应证。总结了５种不同的手术方法治疗２３例髁突骨瘤。①单纯切除下颌髁突骨瘤５例；②患侧下颌升支垂直截骨，体外切除髁突骨瘤后升支再植入１２例；③第２类术式加口内进路健侧升支垂直截骨术２例；④ＬｅＦｏｒｔⅠ型截骨术摆正平面，双侧升支垂直截骨术及颏成形术５例；⑤一期切除巨大髁突骨瘤，二期下颌升支缺损修复术１例。作者强调，正常的解剖形态和解剖关系是恢复正常生理功能的基础，因此认为单纯切除髁突骨瘤不是理想的术式。多种正颌外科技术可用于髁突骨瘤的手术治疗中，畸形涉及上颌的病例应采用双颌手术，以获得良好的功能及外科效果。     

口腔内入路髁突切除术的临床应用研究

目的探讨经口腔内入路行髁突切除术并重建颞下颌关节的可行性。方法经口腔内入路行患侧升支垂直截骨术,将带有髁突的近心骨段取出至体外,切除病变的髁突,再将近心骨段的余部重新植入重建颞下颌关节。自1998年至2006年共完成经口腔内入路的髁突切除术并重建颞下颌关节23例,其中髁突良性肥大2例;髁突骨软骨瘤13例;半侧颌骨肥大畸形6例;髁突陈旧性骨折2例,最大的髁突骨软骨瘤直径达5cm。部分患者同期经口腔内入路行正颌外科手术矫治伴发的面部不对称畸形。结果23例患者均顺利完成手术,术后伤口正常愈合,面颈部皮肤无疤痕遗留,无面神经受损症状出现,面部不对称畸形矫治效果良好。经平均4.5年的随访,术后开口度均达35mm,髁突骨软骨瘤及髁突肥大均未见复发。结论自口腔内入路切除病变髁突并重建颞下颌关节,避免了常规口外入路时,术后皮肤遗留斑痕和易损伤面神经的缺点。     

内镜辅助下手术治疗髁突骨软骨瘤临床体会

目的 :利用内镜辅助行下颌支垂直截骨提升术治疗髁突骨软骨瘤,探讨其应用范围及效果。方法 :选择2013-04—2015-05间收治的单侧髁突骨软骨瘤患者,术前进行临床资料采集、咬合关系、面形及影像学检查,对其中无正颌需求或颏点偏斜<3 mm且口内咬合稳定的患者,予以髁突肿物切除术及内镜辅助的下颌支后缘垂直截骨提升术治疗。术后临床检查关节、颌骨、咬合情况,并进行远期影像学随访。结果:共纳入5例患者,采用改良耳颞切口行开放性手术切除髁突顶部肿物,再利用内镜辅助行下颌骨支后缘垂直截骨提升术及坚固内固定,保持原下颌升支高度,其中1例患者附加下颌下缘外形修整术。术后病理提示均为髁突骨软骨瘤。术后5例患者完成随访,其颞下颌关节功能恢复良好,咬合及面型稳定,术后平均28.6个月的CT随访显示无肿瘤复发。结论:在切除髁突骨软骨瘤后,内镜辅助下颌骨升支后缘垂直截骨术,对于咬合轻度偏斜且无法进行正颌手术的髁突骨软骨瘤患者,是一种有效手术方案。该手术设计实现了切除肿物的同时,恢复保留颌骨及咬合关系,同时减小了创伤,是传统手术方案的有力补充。     

三维手术模拟辅助骨软骨瘤患者髁突重建

目的:研究计算机辅助三维手术模拟系统在髁突骨软骨瘤切除后下颌升支后缘上移髁突重建术中的作用,并探讨其临床应用价值.方法:2007～2009年期间,6例髁突骨软骨瘤患者,利用Surgicase CMF软件行术前设计和三维手术模拟得出相关数据,辅助行病变髁突切除术和升支后缘切开上移髁突重建术.术后行临床检查、放射检查对骨瓣...     

Osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle: Indications for different surgical methods: A case series of 7 patients

The aim of this study was to evaluate and discuss the long-term outcomes of patients with condylar osteochondroma managed through 3 different surgical techniques.Seven patients with condylar osteochondroma treated in the author's department from May 2012 to January 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Clinical evaluations (visual analogue scale for TMJ pain, jaw function, symmetry, and quality of life), maximum interincisal opening (MIO) and radiological findings were collected pre- and postoperatively. Other parameters assessed included tumour size and location; complications and follow-up. Radical condylectomy with immediate total joint alloplastic reconstruction was performed in 4 patients, local excision in 2 patients and low condylectomy with concomitant orthognathic surgery in 1 patient. During an average follow-up period of 40,8 months no clinical or radiographic signs of recurrence were found. Average MIO increased from 25,5mm to 39,5mm at the longest follow up, and all clinical evaluations were greatly improved.In conclusion, the described surgical techniques appear valuable in the treatment of condylar osteochondroma. Local excision is indicated in tumor involving less than half the surface of the condylar head; radical condylectomy with immediate alloplastic total joint reconstruction is indicated in gigantic lesion compromising the anatomical components and function of the joint. Orthognathic surgery procedures should be combined with tumor resection when correction of associated dentofacial deformities is indicated.     

髁突吸收继发牙颌面畸形的治疗

髁突吸收是下颌骨髁突体积不可逆性缩小的一种临床现象,常继发牙颌面畸形。目前,正畸-正颌联合治疗是主要的治疗方案;同时,根据髁突吸收的严重程度,常结合关节手术或以药物、颌板为主的保守治疗。本文从髁突吸收继发牙颌面畸形的病因、临床特点、影像学特点、治疗选择及其预防作一系统论述。     

Clinical Indications for Simultaneous TMJ and Orthognathic Surgery

Abstract

There are many temporomandibular joint (TMJ) conditions that can cause pain, TMJ and jaw dysfunction, and disability. The most common of these conditions include: 1. articular disk dislocation; 2. reactive arthritis; 3. adolescent internal condylar resorption; 4. condylar hyperplasia; 5. osteochondroma or osteoma; and 6. end-stage TMJ pathology. These conditions are often associated with dentofacial deformities, malocclusion, TMJ pain, headaches, myofascial pain, TMJ and jaw functional impairment, ear symptoms, etc. Patients with these conditions may benefit from corrective surgical intervention. Open joint surgery provides direct access to the TMJ allowing manipulation, repair, removal and/or reconstruction of the anatomical structures that cannot be accomplished by other treatment methods. TMJ surgery and orthognathic surgery can be predictably performed during one operation with high success rates. This paper discusses the most common TMJ pathologies and presents the surgical management considerations to correct the specific TMJ conditions and associated jaw deformities.     

Clinical indications for simultaneous TMJ and orthognathic surgery

There are many temporomandibular joint (TMJ) conditions that can cause pain, TMJ and jaw dysfunction, and disability. The most common of these conditions include: (1) articular disk dislocation; (2) reactive arthritis; (3) adolescent internal condylar resorption; (4) condylar hyperplasia; (5) osteochondroma or osteoma; and (6) end-stage TMJ pathology. These conditions are often associated with dentofacial deformities, malocclusion, TMJ pain, headaches, myofascial pain, TMJ and jaw functional impairment, ear symptoms, etc. Patients with these conditions may benefit from corrective surgical intervention. Open joint surgery provides direct access to the TMJ allowing manipulation, repair, removal and/or reconstruction of the anatomical structures that cannot be accomplished by other treatment methods. TMJ surgery and orthognathic surgery can be predictably performed during one operation with high success rates. This paper discusses the most common TMJ pathologies and presents the surgical management considerations to correct the specific TMJ conditions and associated jaw deformities.     

计算机辅助设计和制作技术在髁突骨软骨瘤合并颌骨畸形治疗中的应用:附1例报告

目的:探讨计算机辅助设计与制作(computer-aided design/manufacture,CAD/CAM)技术在髁突骨软骨瘤合并颌骨畸形治疗中的应用。方法:髁突骨软骨瘤合并上、下颌骨畸形1例,采用计算机辅助设计技术(SurgiCase CMF 5.0软件进行CT数据处理)模拟切除肿瘤,上、下颌骨截骨,设计虚拟中间和终末板及截骨导板,并进行术后效果预测;应用快速原型(rapid prototyping,RP)技术制作中间板和截骨导板,术中应用。术后进行CT检查,并与术前设计进行比较,评价应用效果。结果:术后CT显示,截骨效果与术前设计吻合度高,术后随访6个月肿瘤无复发,患者面形对称。结论:应用CAD/CAM技术进行髁突肿瘤切除及合并颌骨不对称畸形的辅助治疗,可以提高手术的准确性,节约手术时间,具有一定的应用前景。     

Application of the condylar positioning appliance in mandibular sagittal split osteotomies with rigid skeletal fixation.

During orthodontic-surgical treatment of dentofacial deformities, centric relation of the mandibular condylar head to the fossa articularis must be maintained. Intraoperative application of the condylar positioning appliance, in combination with different surgical splints, allows three-dimensional adjustment of the jaw segments. The condylar positioning appliance can be used in osteotomies of the mandible alone, in isolated Le Fort I osteotomies, or in simultaneous osteotomies of the maxilla and mandible.     

A case with osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle

A rare case with osteochondroma located near the condylar process of the mandible is described. Surgical treatment was carried out (removal of the formation through the periauricular approach). Orthopedic treatment was carried out during the postoperative period. The proportions of the facial skull, occlusion, and articulation were completely restored.     

Osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle: literature review and report of a case

AIM: The intent of this report is to present a brief review of the literature on osteochondroma and to present a case involving the surgical removal and replacement of a major portion of the condyle and angle of the mandible using free autogenous mandibular bone. BACKGROUND: While osteochondroma is the most common tumor of skeletal bones, it is relatively uncommon in the jaws occurring at the condyle or the tip of the coronoid process. This benign cartilage-capped growth is usually discovered incidentally on radiographic examination or on palpation of a protruding mass in the affected area. Malocclusion and progressive facial asymmetry are common findings in most cases of condylar osteochondroma. REPORT: A case of a 29-year-old woman with an osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle is presented. Surgical treatment was tumor resection, grafting, and reshaping of the mandibular angle and ramus. As this lesion is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on radiographic examination, the general practitioner usually is the first professional to make the diagnosis. SUMMARY: Condylectomy cannot be recommended as routine in all cases.37 Common surgical treatments include condylectomy and reconstruction.24 If the tumor involves only a limited area of the condylar surface, then preservation of the remaining portion of the condyle and reshaping should be done. Reasons for not taking such a conservative approach are the possibilities of malignancy and the risk of recurrence. In this case report the extraoral vertical ramus osteotomy, associated with free autogenous mandibular bone, presented several advantages.     

正颌手术对颞下颌关节影响的研究进展

正颌术术后的复发往往与颞下颌关节（TMJ）结构和位置异常有关，包括髁突移位、进行性髁突吸收和关节盘移位等。正颌外科作为一种创伤性的手术，对TMJ的结构和位置能产生一定的影响。由于牙颌面畸形患者往往术前即有TMJ的疾病，因此正颌手术本身对TMJ的影响是否导致了复发和产生颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）需要多项研究探索。有一些学者提出，正领手术同期行关节盘复位术可提高手术效果稳定性。对预防由于TMJ结构和位置异常引起的复发或TMD，目前临床尚无特定方法。鉴于此，本文将在正颌外科对TMJ结构的影响，与TMD的关系，以及预防术后复发和TMD的方法等三个方面进行综述。