性别在大学生恋爱关系满意度与共情关系中的调节作用

目的:探讨大学生恋爱关系满意度与共情的关系及性别在其中的调节作用。方法:选取正处于恋爱中的在校大学生175对,使用亲密关系满意度量表(QRI)和人际反应指针量表(IRI-C)测查恋爱关系满意度和共情,IRI-C包含观点采择(PT)、个人痛苦(PD)、想象力(FS)和共情性关心(EC)4个维度。采用多重回归分析探讨性别在恋爱关系满意度与共情中的调节作用。结果:男大学生的QRI得分及PT得分高于女大学生,而PD得分低于女大学生[(36.6±5.9)vs.(35.2±6.0),(10.9±3.4)vs.(9.9±3.4),(6.0±4.1)vs.(8.1±4.3);均P0.01];恋爱时长3个月的大学生的QRI得分最低(33.1±7.1)。PT得分正向预测QRI得分(β=0.19),性别×PD得分负向预测QRI得分(β=-0.17),性别×EC得分正向预测QRI得分(β=0.21)。结论:男大学生的恋爱关系满意度高于女大学生,性别在共情与恋爱关系满意度的关系中发挥调节作用。     

简式UPPS-P冲动行为量表在大学生中的信度效度检测

目的:检验简式UPPS-P冲动行为量表(Short Version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale,S-UPPS-P)在大学生中的信度和效度。方法:调查725名大学生,回收有效问卷693份,并在四周后随机选取116名大学生进行重测。另用UPPS冲动行为量表检验内容效度,用Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)、米氏边缘性人格障碍检测表(MSI-BPD)与Buss和Perry攻击问卷中文版(AQ-CV)检验效标关联效度。结果:S-UPPS-P中文版包括负性急迫性、缺乏坚持性、缺乏预见性、感觉寻求和正性急迫性5个因子,共20个条目;总问卷的内部一致性信度和重测信度都为0.77,五个维度的内部一致性信度分别为0.67、0.69、0.71、0.69、0.80,重测信度分别为0.77、0.65、0.63、0.66、0.75,合成信度分别为0.80、0.81、0.85、0.82、0.87;验证性因素分析结果显示五因素模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=2.41,NFI=0.90,CFI=0.94,IFI=0.94,TLI=0.93,RMSEA=0.05);量表总分与UPPS、BIS-11、MSI-BPD、AQ-CV得分呈正相关(r=0.60、0.53、0.26、0.34,均P0.01)。结论:S-UPPS-P中文版具有良好的信度和效度,可以用于评估中国大学生的冲动性。     

人际情绪调节问卷在中国大学生中的信效度检验

目的:引进Hofmann等编制的人际情绪调节问卷,在中国大学生样本中进行中文版信效度检验.方法:采取整群取样的方法对987名大学生进行集体施测,选取情绪调节量表、情绪智力量表、人际反应指针量表、正负情绪量表作为各效度指标.结果:①问卷四因素结构拟合良好(X2/df=5.51,RMSEA = 0.096,SRMr = 0.067,CFI=0.94,NFI=0.93,IFI=0.94);②人际情绪调节问卷总分以及各分维度与选取的校标相关均显著,表明人际情绪调节问卷聚合效度、区分效度以及效标关联效度良好;③问卷内部的一致性系数为0.92,分半信度为0.87,4周后的重测信度为0.81(n = 52).结论:人际情绪调节问卷中文版在大学生群体中具有良好的信效度,可以作为对人际情绪调节进行测量的工具.     

认知失败问卷中文版测评大学生样本的效度和信度

目的:在中国大学生群体中修订认知失败问卷(Cognitive Failures Questionnaire,CFQ),并检验其信效度。方法:调查了1120名大学生,收回有效问卷1014份,用以评定CFQ中文版的结构效度、内部一致性信度。另用日常记忆问卷、大学生无聊倾向问卷、Conners成人注意缺陷多动障碍自评量表和大五人格量表在163名大学生中检验效标关联效度。1个月后随机选取104名大学生进行重测。结果:CFQ中文版包括干扰、记忆、人际失误、运动协调和人名记忆5个因子,共25个条目;验证性因素分析结果显示5因素模型拟合良好(χ2/df=2.201,CFI=0.902,TLI=0.892,RMSEA=0.052,SRMR=0.045);问卷总分与日常记忆、无聊倾向、注意缺陷多动倾向、神经质的相关系数在0.41~0.50之间,与责任心的相关系数为-0.31;总问卷的内部一致性信度、分半信度和重测信度分别为0.86、0.83和0.87。女生在问卷总分及干扰、记忆、人际失误和运动协调维度上得分显著高于男生。结论:CFQ中文版具有良好的效度和信度,可用于评估大学生的认知失败倾向。     

中文版荷兰进食行为问卷在中国大学生群体中的适用

目的:检验中文版荷兰进食行为问卷(Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire,DEBQ)在中国大学生中应用的效度和信度。方法:调查了1093名大学生,收回有效问卷1003份,用以评定中文版DEBQ的结构效度、聚合和区分效度、内部一致性信度和组合信度。另用进食态度问卷中文版、情绪化进食量表中文版、自我控制量表在187名大学生中检验效标关联效度。4周后随机选取132名大学生进行重测,检验其重测信度。结果:中文版DEBQ包括情绪性进食、限制性进食和外因性进食3个因子,共28个条目。验证性因素分析结果显示3因子模型拟合良好(χ2/df=2.38,CFI=0.90,TLI=0.89,RMSEA=0.05,SRMR=0.06)。中文版DEBQ各因子的AVE均大于0.5,CR均大于0.7,且CRAVEMSVASV,各因子间相关系数(0.22~0.35)小于AVE。情绪性进食、限制性进食和外因性进食均与进食态度量表总分及各因子分、情绪化进食总分及各因子分呈显著正相关,与自我控制呈显著负相关,情绪性进食和限制性进食与BMI呈显著正相关。总问卷及分问卷的内部一致性信度在0.76~0.93之间,组合信度在0.88~0.94之间,重测信度在0.72~0.81之间。中国大学生的情绪性进食和限制性进食行为具有性别差异,女生的得分显著高于男生。结论:中文版DEBQ具有良好的效度和信度,可用于评估大学生的进食行为。     

攻击规范信念量表在中学生群体中的信效度检验

目的:检验攻击规范信念量表(Normative Beliefs about Aggression Scale,NOBAGS)在国内中学生群体中的信度和效度。方法:采用整群抽样两次共选取999名中学生进行测试,对攻击规范信念量表进行项目分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、效标关联效度分析、内部一致性信度分析和重测信度分析。结果:攻击规范信念量表中文版包括共15个项目,分为两个维度:报复攻击信念和一般攻击信念。验证性因素分析显示,二因素模型的各项拟合指数均达到测量学要求。量表分数与攻击行为总分的相关为0.34,与攻击行为四个维度得分的相关为0.39、0.14、0.27和0.18。量表及其两个维度的内部一致性信度分别为0.81、0.78和0.72,重测信度分别为0.79、0.76和0.70。结论:攻击规范信念量表中文版具有较好的信度和效度,是测量我国青少年攻击信念的有效工具。     

关系自尊量表测评中学生人群的效度和信度

目的:考察中文版关系自尊量表(relational self-esteem scale,RSES)在中学生群体中应用的效度和信度。方法:调查了816名中学生,用以检验中文版RSES的结构效度、聚合和区分效度、内部一致性和组合信度等。另用罗森博格自尊量表、集体自尊量表、Beck抑郁量表第2版在191名中学生中检验效标关联效度。间隔2周后抽取135名中学生进行重测。结果:在中学生群体中,中文版RSES呈现出家人关系自尊和朋友关系自尊的两维结构,共8个条目,两因子模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=2.546,CFI=0.949,TLI=0.926,RMSEA=0.070,SRMR=0.043)。中文版RSES两因子的AVE均大于0.5,CR均大于0.7,且CRAVEMSV,因子间相关系数(0.641)小于AVE。关系自尊均与个体自尊、集体自尊存在显著正相关,与抑郁呈显著负相关。总量表及家人和朋友关系自尊分量表的内部一致性信度分别为0.848、0.729、0.804,重测信度分别为0.784、0.703、0.761,家人和朋友关系自尊分量表的组合信度分别为0.814、0.839。结论:中文版RSES在中学生群体中具有良好的信效度,可以用来测量中学生的关系自尊。     

人际好奇量表测评青少年的效度和信度

目的:引进人际好奇量表(IPC),检验其在青少年学生中的效度和信度。方法:选取青少年学生632人(样本1)用于条目分析和探索性因子分析;另选取青少年学生456人(样本2)用于验证性因子分析、聚合效度、区分效度、组合信度和内部一致性信度检验。样本1中,选取301人施测认知好奇量表(ECS)和状态-特质好奇量表(STCI)检验效标效度;随机选取88人进行间隔2周的重测。结果:IPC中文版共17个条目,包含窥探行为、情绪好奇、侦探意愿、隐秘好奇4个因子;模型拟合良好(χ²=251.92,df=113,χ²/df=2.23,CFI=0.93,TLI=0.92,GFI=0.94,IFI=0.94,RMSEA=0.05);IPC得分与ECS和STCI得分均呈正相关(r=0.53、0.71,均P<0.001)。总量表的Cronbachα系数为0.84,4个因子的Cronbachα系数分别为0.75、0.76、0.75和0.71;总量表的重测信度为0.84,4个因子的重测信度分别为0.81、0.70、0.63、0.84。结论:修订后的人际好奇量表测评青...     

中文版学校归属感量表的信效度检验

目的:考察中文版学校归属感量表(PSSM-CR)的结构及其信效度。方法:翻译PSSM量表,有效测量了1006名大学生被试。结果:中文版学校归属感量表(PSSM-CR)各维度和总量表的内部一致性信度分别为0.817、0.820、0.673、0.873;重测信度分别为0.809、0.813、0.654、0.848;探索性与验证性因素分析表明三维模型的拟合较好;效标关联效度良好(P<0.05)。结论:中文版学校归属感量表(PSSM-CR)具有较好的信度和效度,可以为相关研究使用。     

情绪特异性共情问卷在中国大学生中的信效度检验

目的:初步检验情绪特异性共情问卷(Emotion Specific Empathy Questionnaire,ESEQ)在中国大学生中的信效度。方法:采用方便取样法在369名大学生中,测量中文版ESEQ、人际反应指针量表(IRI)和人际综合诊断量表(IRAS),间隔4周后重测ESEQ。结果:多质多法的验证性因子分析显示,中文版ESEQ与原英文版ESEQ的拟合结果一致,即ESEQ可评估认知共情和情绪共情两种特质,每种特质包含生气、厌恶、恐惧、高兴、悲伤和惊奇六种情绪,总量表拟合指数为:CFA=0.99,TLI=0.98,χ²/df=2.28,RMSEA=0.059,SRMR=0.066;总量表Cronbach’sα系数0.95,分量表Cronbach’sα系数0.65~0.84;总量表重测信度0.79,分量表重测信度0.47~0.73。ESEQ的效标效度检验显示,认知共情得分与观点采择显著正相关(r=0.50),情绪共情得分与共情关注显著正相关(r=0.45);六种情绪的认知共情得分与各人际困扰显著负相关(r=-0.32~-0.11),情绪共情中仅有高兴情绪得分与各人际困扰显著负相关(r=-0.33~-0.16)。结论:中文版情绪特异性共情问卷(ESEQ)的信效度良好,可用于大学生的共情测量。     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

The development of the ligament of the head of the femur

The hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown-rump length were studied by light microscopy. The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck. The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction-flexion and opposition to postero-superior dislocation were the most likely.     

Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep-wakefulness (S-W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculo-pupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S-W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4-5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although pre- and postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15-20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/behavioral features of their S-W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S-W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest levels; (b) W can occur independently in both the forebrain and brainstem, but true NREMS- and REMS-generating mechanisms exist exclusively in the forebrain and brainstem, respectively; (c) forebrain and brainstem S-W processes can operate independently from each other and are preprogrammed at birth; this helps understanding normal and abnormal polygraphic/behavioral dissociations in humans and normal dissociations/splitting in aquatic mammals; (d) NREMS homeostasis is present in the IF, but only REMS pressure after deprivation persists in the decerebrate cat; (e) the thalamus engages in both NREMS and W; (f) insomnia in diencephalic cats is the result of an imbalance between antagonistic W- and S-promoting cellular groups in the ventral brain (normally modulated by the telencephalon); (g) the EEG waves, which are signature for each S-W state, appear to truly drive the concomitant behaviors, e.g. a hypothetical human IF could alternate between behavioral NREMS and W/arousal/awareness; (h) a role for REMS is to keep the individual sleeping at the end of the self-limiting NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephaling NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephalic S-W processes and downstream control of the lower S-W system levels is emphasized.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Ultrastructure of the endothelium of the drainage system of the eye

The endothelium of the ocular drainage system (Schlemm’s canal, collector tubules, and aqueous veins) in primary juvenile glaucoma undergoes degenerative dystrophic changes with compensatory hypertrophy and proliferation at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process and atrophy and desquamation at advanced and terminal stages. Progressive decrease in the pinocytous function of endotheliocytes, reduction of the protein-synthesizing and mitochondrial compartments of the cytoplasm, and formation of autophagosomes reflect the process of endotheliocyte degeneration in general. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 574–577, May, 2008     

Involvement of the striatum in the central regulation of the hormonal functions of the gonads

Studies reported here show that intrastriatal administration of corticoliberin to rats decreases the blood testosterone level. However, in conditions of chemical deficiency of dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, the effect of this neurohormone did not appear. It is concluded that extrahypothalamic corticoliberin is involved in regulating the hormonal reproductive system acting via dopaminergic mechanisms. Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 594–597, April, 1999.