超声乳化白内障吸除房角分离虹膜周边切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床观察

目的探讨超声乳化白内障吸除，折叠式人工晶体植入、房角分离、虹膜周边切除术治疗急慢性闭角型青光眼合并自内障的疗效。方法回顾2001年3月-2006年6月收治急慢性闭角型青光眼患者38例，均伴有晶状体浑浊，未做过青光眼手术，视力〈0．6，采用白内障超声乳化下人工晶体植入联合房角分离术、虹膜周边切除术，随访3个月～5年，对比术前、术后的视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角变化。结果22眼急慢性闭角型青光眼和12眼慢性闭角型青光眼术后眼压控制在正常范围，视力恢复良好；4只慢性闭角型青光眼房角粘连〉2／3，术后近期眼压控制好，术后1．5—2年眼压再次增高，药物效果差，再次行青光眼小梁切除术后，眼压控制在正常范围。结论超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶体植入联合房角分离虹膜周边切除术是治疗急性闭角型青光眼、慢性闭角型（房角粘连闭合〈2／3）合并白内障的有效方法，但仍需长期随访。     

超声乳化白内障吸除联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的：探讨双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者65例70眼,术后随访3~12mo,观察视力、眼压及并发症的发生。
　　结果：术后患者视力≤0.1者2眼,>0.1~0.3者6眼,0.4~0.8者60眼,≥1.0者2眼,术后眼压在正常范围内(<21mmHg)者69眼,1眼术后出现浅前房,经治疗改善。
　　结论：双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障手术成功率高,疗效佳,是一种理想的手术方式。     

青光眼合并轻度白内障两种手术方式比较

目的:比较两阶段手术和超声乳化三联手术治疗闭角型青光眼合并轻度白内障的临床疗效。方法:原发性闭角型青光眼合并轻度白内障患者68例(74眼),对象分为A组(36眼):联合手术(超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术);B组(38眼):两阶段手术(先施行小梁切除术,待白内障发展到一定程度再行超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入)。结果:术后平均随访时间12.2(6～22)mo。视力:A组36眼(100%)>0.5,20眼(56%)>1.0。B组白内障术后视力28眼(74%)>0.5,7眼(18%)>1.0。两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01,P<0.001)。两组术后平均眼压较术前均明显下降(P<0.001)。两组间术后平均眼压比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。无需药物眼压控制率A组为94%,B组为71%,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。A组术后中央前房深度加深,平均增加约1mm(P<0.05)。B组青光眼滤过手术后中央前房变浅,平均减少0.62mm(P<0.05)。术后发生浅前房14眼(37%)。结论:与两阶段手术相比,超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼合并轻度白内障,具有有效控制眼压,视力预后好,前房深度增加、手术难度较低等理想效果。     

闭角型青光眼合并白内障联合手术的疗效观察

目的了解超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的疗效。方法选取原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者40例行超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术,记录术后三个月患者的视力、眼压、滤过泡。采用配对t检验,与术前眼压进行比较。结果术后三个月视力0.1-0.3共8只眼,0.4～0.5共22只眼,0.6～1.0共10只眼;眼压在8.7～20.3mmHg范围,平均15.5 mmHg,同术前比较,眼压下降有统计学意义(P<0.05)。未发生严重术中及术后并发症。结论联合手术是有效的安全的治疗青光眼合并白内障的方法。     

晶状体异位继发急性闭角型青光眼术式选择及疗效观察

目的 回顾性分析晶状体异位继发急性闭角型青光眼手术方式的选择及观察其疗效.方法 取36例(41只眼)晶状体异位继发急性闭角型青光眼患者,采用超声生物显微镜观察晶状体悬韧带离断范围,根据晶状体脱位范围以及房角关闭范围,分别选择小梁切除术,超声乳化白内障吸除联合囊袋张力环及人工晶状体植入手术和(或)小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除术,术后随访1个月,观察手术治疗效果.结果 随访期间,患者术后矫正视力提高,眼压降低:术后1d,17只眼(41.46%)矫正视力＞0.5;30只眼(73.17%)眼压在21mmHg以内;术后7d,24只眼(58.54%)矫正视力＞0.5;35只眼(85.36%)眼压在21mmHg以内;术后30d,27只眼(65.85%)矫正视力＞0.5;所有患者眼压在21mmHg以内.结论 在晶状体异位继发急性闭角型青光眼患者中,晶状体脱位范围在1~2个象限者,超声乳化白内障吸除联合囊袋张力环及人工晶状体植入手术是一种安全有效的术式;脱位范围大于2个象限者,选择白内障囊外摘除手术;房角关闭大于1/2的患者,选择小梁切除联合白内障手术.     

超声乳化晶状体吸除术治疗闭角型青光眼

目的：观察超声乳化晶状体吸除加人工晶状体植入治疗闭角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法：对31只闭角型青光眼行白内障吸出加人工晶状体植入术，术前眼压经药物治疗后为21～50mmHg；原发性急性闭角型青光眼27眼，慢性闭角型青光眼1眼，老年性白内障膨胀期继发青光眼3眼，晶状体透明15眼，晶状体不同程度混浊11眼，虹膜节段性萎缩5眼；术后观察患眼压、视力、前房深度，随访1a以上。结果：术后视力31眼均有提高。术后眼压均正常(12～20mmHg)30眼；术后8mo发生恶性青光眼1眼(慢性闭角型青光眼)，行小梁切除术加前节玻璃体切割后眼压控制正常。结论：晶状体超声乳化吸出术可使前房加深，房角开放，眼压得到控制，无青光眼小梁切除术的并发症，是治疗某些闭角型青光眼的首选方法。     

超声乳化白内障吸除联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的:观察超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床效果。方法:对闭角型青光眼并白内障36例46眼行超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除手术治疗。术前、术后分别详细记录患者视力、眼压、滤过泡、前房深度、房角及眼底情况。结果:术后随访3mo～2a,43眼(93.5%)视力较术前明显提高,44眼(95.7%)眼压保持在正常范围,术后眼压<21mmHg。35例46眼患者前房深度术前平均为2.1±0.3mm,术后平均3.8±0.4mm,术后所有患者前房深度均加深,术前关闭的前房角也有不同程度的开放。6眼(13.0%)角膜水肿,无角膜内皮失代偿。结论:合并白内障的闭角型青光眼患者行超声乳化白内障吸除联合小梁切除术安全有效,能够有效降低眼压、加深前房、开放房角,提高视力。     

白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入治疗急性闭角型青光眼的临床研究

目的探讨白内障超声乳化吸除术在急性闭角型青光眼治疗中的临床效果和其降压机理,以及在不同适应证下手术的安全性。方法 60例(60只眼)急性闭角型青光眼患者,根据不同情况进行单纯超声乳化吸除术,或联合房角粘连分离术,或联合小梁切除术。随访至少6个月。结果 3组患者术后的视力、眼压、中央前房深度较术前比较均有明显统计学差异。结论超声乳化白内障吸除术不仅提高视力,还具有加深中央前房深度,开放房角,降低眼压等优势,是治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的有效手术方法之一。     

小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合青光眼手术治疗膨胀期白内障继发青光眼

目的探讨小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合青光眼手术治疗膨胀期白内障继发青光眼的疗效。方法对16例(16只眼)膨胀期白内障继发青光眼进行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合青光眼手术,其中小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除、后房型人工晶状体植入联合虹膜周边切除术8只眼,联合小梁切除术6只眼;小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合小梁切除术2只眼。结果术后平均随访10个月,矫正视力≥0.5者占68.7%,明显提高者占93.8%。14只眼(87.5%)术后眼压正常。结论小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合青光眼手术治疗膨胀期白内障继发青光眼远期视力提高明显,眼压控制良好。     

早期白内障超声乳化与虹膜周边切除术治疗闭角型青光眼的对比研究

目的:比较超声乳化和虹膜周边切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并轻度白内障的临床疗效。方法:急性闭角型青光眼48例48眼临床前期、先兆期或缓解期,以及慢性闭角型青光眼早期合并白内障患者,随机分为A组(24眼):超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入;B组(24眼):虹膜周边切除术。观察手术前后眼压、前房深度、周边前房深度、前房角及视力情况,术后平均随访时间5.5mo。结果:A组术后1d眼压明显高于B组(P<0.05),但3d以后恢复正常,两组间无明显差异;A组术后中央前房深度3.21±0.11mm,较术前明显加深(P<0.05),而B组为1.89±0.05mm,与术前相比无明显变化;两组术前周边前房深度相似,但术后A组术后周边前房明显加深(P<0.05);A组术后视力比术前视力明显提高(P<0.05),而B组术后视力相比变化不大。结论:急性闭角型青光眼临床前期、先兆期和缓解期,以及慢性闭角型青光眼早期伴有白内障者,行白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术,是一种安全有效治疗方法,不仅能提高视力,亦能避免青光眼的发作。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.