Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection does not influence viral dynamics during early HIV-1 infection

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare baseline and longitudinal plasma HIV-1 loads between herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-seropositive and -seronegative individuals who are enrolled in a primary HIV-1 infection cohort in San Diego, California. DESIGN: The study was a retrospective cohort analysis. METHODS: We categorized antiretroviral-naive subjects on the basis of HSV-2 serostatus at baseline using an HSV-2 enzyme immunoassay. Low positive results (1.1-3.5) were confirmed by Western blotting. We compared baseline HIV-1 loads of the 2 groups using a linear model. To detect differences in HIV-1 dynamics, we analyzed longitudinal viral loads using a flexible semiparametric model, controlling for the time to antiretroviral therapy and stratifying by HIV-1 infection stage at entry. RESULTS: We studied 294 adult men. Ninety percent reported sex with men as their main HIV-1 risk factor. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 41.5%. The HSV-2-seropositive and -seronegative groups had similar baseline HIV-1 loads during acute infection (5.52 vs. 5.72 log(10) copies/mL; P=.39) and early infection (4.57 vs. 4.67 log(10) copies/mL; P=.5). Longitudinally, the difference in HIV-1 loads between HSV-2-seropositive and -seronegative men remained close to 0 during the first year of infection. CONCLUSIONS: HSV-2 serostatus has minimal influence on the dynamics of HIV-1 during acute and early HIV-1 infection.     

Herpes simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence and incidence in acute and chronic HIV-1 infection

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) HIV co-infection is common and associated with increased risk of HIV transmission. HSV-2 seroprevalence was assessed on stored samples from baseline and one year follow-up from 81 patients identified with acute HIV infection and 81 age-matched chronically infected men. HSV-2 seroprevalence at baseline was lower for those with acute rather than chronic HIV-infection, 51.9 versus 71.6% (P = 0.01); relative risk 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-0.92). Since HSV-2 seroprevalence is lower in those newly HIV-infected, the diagnosis of early HIV infection may allow for counselling to reduce subsequent HSV-2 acquisition.     

Herpes simplex virus infections

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a member of the herpesviridae family. Recognised since ancient Greek times, the virus frequently infects human beings, causing a range of diseases from mild uncomplicated mucocutaneous infection to those that are life threatening. In the past 50 years, substantial advances in our knowledge of the molecular biology of HSV have led to insights into disease pathogenesis and management. This review provides a contemporary interpretation of the biological properties, function, epidemiology, and treatment of HSV diseases.     

Herpes simplex virus infections

There are two serological types of herpes simplex virus, HSV-1 and HSV-2. The types can be differentiated by different methods. After a primary infection HSV reaches the sensory ganglions by the way of peripheral nervous tracts. The virus remains for life in the ganglion as virus genome. After activation and return movement a new infection can appear. A lot of various diseases are caused by primary infection, reactivation or reinfection. The diagnosis in herpes virus diseases includes the detection of virus or viral antigens and the demonstration of specific antibodies against HSV. Effective antiviral drugs are available for chemotherapy of HSV-infection. Acyclovir is a beneficial drug without toxic secondary effects. The prevalence of HSV-antibodies in the population is very high.     

Herpes simplex virus vaccines: perspectives

PURPOSE: Despite effective antiviral therapy, infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a critical public health issue, particularly genital herpes by its social and psychological burden and its contribution to the neonatal herpes and possibly to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE: Many prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination approaches have been explored but no effective vaccine is presently available. In fact, as members of the Herpesviridae family, both HSV-1 and 2 types have genes involved in immune evasion. FUTURE PROSPECTS: Further research is needed to define determinants of immunity in order to design more effective vaccines.     

Herpes simplex virus 1 transmission through corneal transplantation

Genetic characterisation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA isolated from a donor cornea before and after corneal transplantation demonstrated the transmission of HSV-1 through transplantation. This study is the first to provide conclusive evidence for the transmission of HSV-1 by penetrating keratoplasty with subsequent reactivation of donor-derived HSV-1 in the transplanted cornea.     

Herpes simplex virus and facial palsy

An 8-year-old boy developed acute herpes simplex virus stomatitis followed by transient facial palsy. The possible relationship between this virus and Bell's palsy is discussed.     

Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-mediated suicide gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma using HIV-1-derived lentiviral vectors

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gene therapy is a promising approach for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, transduction of non-tumoral hepatocytes may lead to severe hepatitis when using suicide gene therapy approaches. The aim of our study was to evaluate the gene transfer efficiency into HCC cells and normal hepatocytes using human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-derived lentiviral vectors in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Lentiviral vectors encoding for the LacZ gene or the fusion gene HSV-Tk/GFP were tested in vitro in human HCC cells and human hepatocytes in primary culture and in vivo in a chemically induced rat model of HCC. RESULTS: We show that HIV-1-derived lentiviral vectors are efficient in transducing HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. No significant transduction of non-tumorous hepatocytes was observed in vivo whatever the route of administration used. Measurement of tumor growth following direct intratumoral injection of a lentiviral vector containing the HSV-Tk gene and GCV treatment showed a strong antitumoral efficacy in the absence of normal liver toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that lentiviral vectors allow an antitumoral effect with low liver toxicity when using suicide gene therapy approach and could be efficient tools for HCC gene therapy.     

Herpes simplex virus and the alimentary tract

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is well known as a sexually transmitted disease. However, relatively little has been published concerning the presentations and treatment of HSV infection within the gastrointestinal tract, where HSV most commonly affects the esophagus in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. HSV proctitis is not uncommon and occurs primarily in males having sex with males. In patients with normal immune systems, gastrointestinal HSV infections are generally self-limited and rarely require antiviral therapy. Treatment of infection is suggested for immunocompromised patients, though no large randomized controlled trials have been performed. This article reviews the manifestations of HSV infection within the luminal gastrointestinal tract and options for diagnosis and treatment.     

Herpes simplex virus and the rheumatic diseases

Summary A viral aetiology for rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory connective tissue diseases has been sought in general terms first, by studying viral growth patterns in lymphocytes from the blood and lesions of patients affected second, by analysing lymphocyte concentrations of the interferon-induced enzyme 2–5 oligo-adenylate synthetase (2–5 A); and third, by probing Southern blots of lymphocyte DNA with viral probes. Indirect evidence consistent with a viral aetiology has been found in several such diseases, but direct proof has been difficult to adduce. There is some suggestion that herpes simplex viral (HSV) DNA is present in Behcet's blood lymphocytes, but the findings are inconsistent. It is also plausible that viruses such as HSV do not induce these diseases through classic immunopathological mechanisms, but as promoters of abnormal lymphoproliferation in individuals with predisposing defects, possibly related to selective DNA repair defects.     

Herpes simplex virus type-1 meningoencephalitis showing disseminated cortical lesions

We report a 41-year-old man with meningoencephalitis associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The patient developed fever, headache and dysuria followed by generalized convulsion and neck stiffness, and the CSF showed pleocytosis. The titers of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against HSV measured 6 days after onset showed a significant rise; IgG antibody 4.89 (<0.2) and IgM antibody 1.45 (<0.8) in CSF, IgG antibody 46.1 (<2.0) and IgM antibody 1.76 (<0.8) in the serum. The antibody index for IgG was 0.50, and that for IgM was 4.2. CFS neutralization test showed HSV-1 antibody of x16 and HSV-2 antibody of 相似文献