全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良

目的探讨髋关节发育不良的全髋关节置换术的手术要点和术后疗效。方法25例(28髋)根据CroweX线分型,Ⅰ型14例,Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型各2例。髋臼旋转中心的重建方法包括标准的全髋关节置换术、结构性自体植骨和髋臼旋转中心内移。恢复下肢长度的方法包括术中彻底切除挛缩的关节囊和纤维瘢痕组织并酌情进行软组织松解。随访内容包括:①Harris评分;②X线测量双下肢长度差和髋臼旋转中心位置。结果所有病例平均随访28.5个月,Harris评分由术前的平均43分(18~72分)升高至91分(79~100分)。所有病例髋臼旋转中心都恢复正常。术前双下肢长度差为0.5~5.5cm,术后双下肢长度差为-0.4~0.9cm。结论髋关节发育不良的全髋关节置换术中,除了标准的髋臼重建方法之外,结构性植骨和髋臼旋转中心内移可有效恢复髋臼旋转中心的高度。术前详细的计划,术中彻底切除挛缩的关节囊和纤维瘢痕组织并酌情进行软组织松解有助于恢复下肢长度。     

Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Arthroplasty: Minimum of Six-Year Follow-up Study

Background

This study examines the clinical and radiologic results of ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasties with regard to wear, osteolysis, and fracture of the ceramic after a minimum follow-up of six years.

Methods

We evaluated the results of a consecutive series of 148 primary ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasties that had been performed between May 2001 and October 2005 in 142 patients. The mean age was 57.2 years (range, 23 to 81 years). The mean follow-up period was 7.8 years (range, 6.1 to 10.1 years). Preoperative diagnosis was avascular necrosis in 77 hips (52%), degenerative arthritis in 36 hips (24.3%), femur neck fracture in 18 hips (12.2%), rheumatoid arthritis in 15 hips (10.1%), and septic hip sequelae in 2 hips (1.4%). Clinical results were evaluated with the Harris hip score, and the presence of postoperative groin or thigh pain. Radiologic analysis was done with special attention in terms of wear, periprosthetic osteolysis, and ceramic failures.

Results

The mean Harris hip score improved from 58.3 (range, 10 to 73) to 92.5 (range, 79 to 100) on the latest follow-up evaluation. At final follow-up, groin pain was found in 4 hips (2.7%), and thigh pain was found in 6 hips (4.1%). Radiologically, all femoral stems demonstrated stable fixations without loosening. Radiolucent lines were observed around the stem in 25 hips (16.9%), and around the cup in 4 hips (2.7%). Endosteal new bone formation was observed around the stem in 95 hips (64.2%) and around the cup in 88 hips (59.5%). No osteolysis was observed around the stem and cup. There were 2 hips (1.4%) of inclination changes of acetabular cup, 2 hips (1.4%) of hip dislocation, 1 hip (0.7%) of ceramic head fracture, and 1 hip (0.7%) of squeaking. The Kaplan-Meier survival rate of the prostheses was 98.1% at postoperative 7.8 years.

Conclusions

The ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty produced excellent clinical results and implant survival rates with no detectable osteolysis on a minimum six-year follow-up study. The ceramic-on-ceramic couplings could be a reasonable option of primary total hip arthroplasty for variable indications.     

骨性强直的髋关节转换人工全髋关节置换术

目的评估人工全髋关节置换术(totalhiparthroplasty,THA)治疗髋关节骨性强直的效果。方法自1987年8月~1998年2月,36例(38髋)行转换THA,平均术前融合时间20年1个月;平均随访8年11个月。结果Harris评分由(68·7±7·2)分提高到(87±6·1)分;髋关节总活动度增加180·7°±14·5°。关节疼痛缓解率为93·3%;平均肢体短缩由4·1cm降到1·6cm;人工关节存活率为86·8%。X线片示髋臼骨溶解6例,髋臼杯松动2例,股骨骨溶解4例,股骨柄松动1例。结论骨性强直的髋关节转换THA,可以缓解周围关节疼痛、增加髋关节的活动度、改善双下肢不等长和矫正髋关节畸形,提高生活质量。髋关节功能与臀中肌力量的恢复直接关联。     

Conversion of Hip Hemiarthroplasty to Total Hip Arthroplasty Utilizing a Dual-Mobility Construct Compared With Large Femoral Heads

Background

Conversion of hemiarthroplasty to total hip arthroplasty (THA) has a historically high, up to 20%, postoperative dislocation rate. As such, dual-mobility (DM) constructs are an attractive option to mitigate this complication. We analyzed survivorship free of revision, complications, and clinical outcomes of hemiarthroplasties conversion to THAs utilizing DM constructs compared with large femoral heads (≥36 mm).

股骨假体周围骨折的处理

目的探讨JohanssonⅠ型和Ⅱ型股骨假体周围骨折的治疗方法。方法股骨假体周围的JohanssonⅠ型和Ⅱ型骨折8例采用切开复位、内固定的方法进行处理,术后平均随访15个月(12~18个月),观察骨折的愈合情况,采用Harris髋关节评分法对患髋做评估。另选同时期接受髋关节置换术的10例患者作为对照组。结果最后一次随访时,对照组患者髋关节的平均Harris评分为88分(69~97分),股骨假体周围骨折患者的髋关节平均Harris评分为77分(P<0.05)。骨折平均愈合时间为3.1个月(2~6.2个月),无感染或者假体松动现象,无深静脉栓塞现象。结论对于JohanssonⅠ型和Ⅱ型股骨假体周围骨折,切开复位、钢板内固定可以取得良好的结果。     

Mortality and Complications Following Early Conversion Arthroplasty for Failed Hip Fracture Surgery

BackgroundHip fracture in older patients leads to high morbidity and mortality. Patients who are treated surgically but fail acutely face a more complex operation with conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study investigated mortalities and complications in patients who experienced failure within one year following hip fracture surgery requiring conversion THA.MethodsPatients aged 60 years or more undergoing conversion THA within one year following intertrochanteric or femoral neck fracture were identified and propensity-matched to patients sustaining hip fractures treated surgically but not requiring conversion within the first year. Patients who had two-year follow-up (91 conversions; 247 comparisons) were analyzed for 6-month, 12-month, and 24-month mortalities, 90-day readmissions, surgical complications, and medical complications.ResultsNonunion and screw cutout were the most common indications for conversion THA. Mortalities were similar between groups at 6 months (7.7% conversion versus 6.1% nonconversion, P = .774), 12 months (11% conversion versus 12% nonconversion, P = .999), and 24 months (14% conversion versus 22% nonconversion, P = .163). Survivorships were similar between groups for the entire cohort and by fracture type. Conversion THA had a higher rate of 90-day readmissions (14% versus 3.2%, P = .001), and medical complications (17% versus 6.1%, P = .006). Inpatient and 90-day orthopaedic complications were similar.ConclusionConversion THA for failed hip fracture surgery had comparable mortality rates to hip fracture surgery, with higher rates of perioperative medical complications and readmissions. Conversion THA following hip fracture represents a potential “second hit” that both surgeons and patients should be aware of with initial decision-making.     

髋关节骨性关节炎的临床特征与全髋置换术

目的　探讨髋关节骨性关节炎的临床特征及全髋关节置换术的疗效。方法　明确诊断髋关节骨性关节炎 81例 ,其中男4 9例 ,女 32例 ,年龄 4 8～ 72岁 ,平均 5 5岁。 1 4例髋关节置换术中 ,其中 2例行双侧全髋置换术。术前Harris评分平均 5 1分 (38～ 6 4分 )。结果　 81例髋关节骨性关节炎据临床特征均得到确诊。术后 1 4例病人均无髋脱位 ,髋关节疼痛消失。X线平片示假体位置良好。术后平均随访 2 8个月 (6～ 76个月 ) ,患者Harris评分平均 85分 (81～ 88分 )。结论　对髋关节骨性关节炎患者只要根据其临床特征和采取正确的诊断方法及标准 ,均能确诊。对髋关节骨性关节炎晚期病人 ,采取正确的全髋置换技术 ,均能恢复患者的髋关节功能 ,提高生活质量     

人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的临床研究

目的对比全髋关节置换(THA)与双动股骨头置换(BFHR)的临床应用结果,并分析高龄股骨颈骨折患者实施人工髋关节置换术的要点。方法高龄股骨颈骨折行髋关节置换72例,分为THA组42例,BFHR组30例。记录手术时间、术中术后出血量、开始下床活动的时间、Harris评分,以及术后并发症。结果随访11～25个月。BFHR组手术时间小于THA组(P<0.05);术中出血量BFHR组少(P<0.05);BFHR组的患者在术后主动直腿抬高角度大于THA组,术后开始下床活动时间明显缩短,术后1周髋关节Harris评分高,但术后6周、3个月、6个月的评分两组无显著性差异;BFHR组术后早期并发症发生率低,但远期髋关节疼痛的发生率高于THA组。结论高龄股骨颈骨折是行人工髋关节置换的适应证;双动股骨头置换术的术后近期恢复较好,但远期效果不及全髋关节置换术。     

骨矿改变在人工全髋关节置换术的监测

目的：研究人工全髋关节置换术后髋周骨矿含量的改变。方法：对骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换的25例27髋,在术后不同时段用DEXA测定髋周5个区域的骨矿含量,并与其各自合适的对照作配对样本t检验。结果：术后1个月内（平均23d)测定组显示第4区骨矿量显著增加（P＜0．05）;术后4－6月（平均4．4月）和7－12月测定组显示5个区骨矿量无显著增减（P＞0．05）;术后14－49月（平均27．4月）测定组显示第2区和第5区骨矿量显著降低（P＜0．05）;第1区也有明显降低趋势（P＝0．064）。结论：骨水泥型人工全髋置入后髋周承重部位骨矿量在12月内改变不大;术后约2年在髋臼周围和股骨小粗隆部骨矿明显丢失,与置入假体后产生应力遮挡可能有关。     

微创全髋关节置换的疗效分析

目的 比较前外侧微创全髋关节置换术早期临床效果,探讨其手术要点及适应证.方法 2004年12月～2005年10月行微创前外侧人路全髋关节置换术治疗63例髋关节疾患与同期行后外侧人路单侧全髋关节置换手术的72例比较,手术由同一组医师完成,分别记录纳入研究患者的一般状况、围手术期测量指标和术后功能随访指标,并进行统计分析.结果 前外侧微创入路手术切口长度、出血量、围手术期输血量、输血例数及术后24 h疼痛评分显著减少.术后3个月随访显示前外侧微创人路患者Harris评分及Barthel指数高于后外侧人路,而术后30个月随访结果没有差别.结论 前外侧微创全髋关节置换能减轻手术创伤、减少出血、促进机体康复.但此种术式需要一定特殊设备,对手术医师亦有较高要求.     

Step-Cut Subtrochanteric Osteotomy Combined with Total Hip Arthroplasty for Neglected Traumatic Hip Dislocations

BackgroundTotal Hip Arthroplasty remains the standard treatment protocol for patients with neglected traumatic dislocations of the hip with arthritis. A total hip arthroplasty needs to be frequently combined with a subtrochanteric shortening femoral osteotomy to aid in the reduction of the hip joint in such cases. Still long-term stable implant fixation, rigid construct, and favorable functional outcome remain a challenge. In respect to subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy, various techniques have been described in the literature, including the step-cut, double chevron, transverse, and oblique osteotomies. Out of these types, a subtrochanteric step-cut osteotomy provides a better rotational stability and a larger surface of contact to aid in union. As there is a paucity in the literature regarding the step-cut osteotomy for traumatic dislocations of the hip, we designed this study to evaluate the outcomes of this procedure.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 24 patients with neglected traumatic dislocations of the hip, who underwent total hip arthroplasty with a step-cut subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy using a long modular stem within a span of 4 years. The indications were severe pain and difficulty in walking and performing activities of daily living. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were evaluated in terms of Harris Hip Score, leg length discrepancy, neurological status, union of the osteotomy, and implant stability.ResultsThe mean Harris Hip Score significantly improved from 33.4 preoperatively to 89.2 postoperatively at the latest follow-up. At the final follow-up, all patients showed union at the osteotomy site and there were no cases of implant loosening or instability. No neurological complications were reported.ConclusionsTotal hip arthroplasty combined with a step-cut subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy in patients with neglected dislocations of the hip was associated with good functional outcome and higher success rates in terms of stable implant fixation and union at the site of osteotomy.     

Diagnosing Infection in Patients Undergoing Conversion of Prior Internal Fixation to Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

Criteria for diagnosis of infected internal fixation implants at the time of conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) are not clear. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for infection in patients undergoing conversion to THA.

Health Utility of Early Hemiarthroplasty vs Delayed Total Hip Arthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fracture in Elderly Patients: A Markov Model

Background

Treatment for femoral neck fracture among patients aged 65 years or older varies, with many surgeons preferring hemiarthroplasty (HA) over total hip arthroplasty (THA). There is evidence that THA may lead to better functional outcomes, although it also carries greater risk of mortality and dislocation rates.

全髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不全

目的：研究全髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不全（ＤＤＨ）的外科技术。方法：４７例（５４髋）因髋关节发育不全引起严重骨性关节炎的患者行全髋关节置换治疗，其中男８例，女３９例。随访１２个月～１４年，平均５３个月。结果：根据ＭｅｒｌｅＤ＇Ａｕｂｉｇｎｅ评分方法，优８例（１７～１８分）、良３０例（１３～１６分）、中８例（９～１２分）、差１例（＜８分）。结论：根据髋关节脱位的程度可将髋关节发育不全分成四度，其中Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度为半脱位型；Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度为全脱位型。ＤＤＨⅠ度，即低位半脱位，髋臼加深为其手术要点；ＤＤＨⅡ度，即高位半脱位，通过上移髋臼假体可以避免植骨；对于ＤＤＨⅢ度、Ⅳ度则使用小型髋臼假体并且植骨。我们提出的分类方法较Ｃｒｏｗｅ方法简便且实用，特别是对髋臼的处理有指导意义。对髋关节发育不全进行全髋关节置换应严格掌握适应证，只有当疼痛和功能障碍非常明显而保守治疗无明确效果时采用     

Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Patients with Crowe Type III or IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Two-Stage Total Hip Arthroplasty Following Skeletal Traction after Soft Tissue Release for Irreducible Hips

Background

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for severe developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a technically demanding procedure for arthroplasty surgeons, and it is often difficult to reduce the hip joint without soft tissue release due to severe flexion contracture. We performed two-stage THAs in irreducible hips with expected lengthening of the affected limb after THA of over 2.5 cm or with flexion contractures of greater than 30 degrees in order to place the acetabular cup in the true acetabulum and to prevent neurologic deficits associated with acute elongation of the limb. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of cementless THA in patients with severe DDH with a special focus on the results of two-stage THA.

Methods

Retrospective clinical and radiological evaluations were done on 17 patients with Crowe type III or IV developmental DDH treated by THA. There were 14 women and 3 men with a mean age of 52.3 years. Follow-ups averaged 52 months. Six cases were treated with two-stage THA followed by surgical hip liberalization and skeletal traction for 2 weeks.

Results

The mean Harris hip score improved from 40.9 to 89.1, and mean leg length discrepancy (LLD) in 13 unilateral cases was reduced from 2.95 to 0.8 cm. In the patients who underwent two-stage surgery, no nerve palsy was observed, and the single one-stage patient with incomplete peroneal nerve palsy recovered fully 4 weeks postoperatively.

Conclusions

The short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of primary cementless THA for patients with Crowe type III or IV DDH were encouraging. Two-stage THA followed by skeletal traction after soft tissue release could provide alternative solutions to the minimization of limb shortenings or LLD without neurologic deficits in highly selected patients.