Retroperitoneoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty for pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in infants and children

OBJECTIVE: To report our initial experience of endoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty through a retroperitoneal approach in infants and children with pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirteen infants and children with PUJ obstruction underwent retroperitoneoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty (mean age at operation 2.7 years, range 0.25-10). Nine patients presented with complications secondary to PUJ obstruction, including urinary tract infection, pyonephrosis and increasing hydronephrosis with impairment in renal function. The other four patients had recurrent loin pain secondary to intermittent PUJ obstruction. The patient was placed in semi-prone (for left-sided) or a semilateral position (for right-sided PUJ obstruction). The retroperitoneal space was entered via a 1-cm incision over the mid-axillary line and further developed using a glove balloon. Video-retroperitoneoscopy was undertaken using a 5-mm laparoscope. Dismembered pyeloplasty was carried out with the pelvi-ureteric anastomosis fashioned using fine polydioxanone sutures over a double-pigtail ureteric stent. RESULTS: The retroperitoneoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty was successful in 12 patients, while one with previous percutaneous nephrostomy drainage for pyonephrosis required open conversion because of difficulties in developing the retroperitoneal space. The mean (range) operative duration was 143 (103-235) min. All patients had a rapid and uneventful recovery. The drainage was satisfactory in all 12 patients on a follow-up scan. CONCLUSIONS: Retroperitoneoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is effective and safe in infants and young children giving a good early outcome, although the long-term results await further studies.     

小儿后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术

目的 探讨小儿后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术的临床效果.方法 肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)患儿24例.平均年龄7(3～14)岁.经B超、IVU、CT,磁共振水成像检查临床确诊,轻度肾积水4例、中度10例、重度10例.均采用后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术治疗.结果 24例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术.手术时间平均180(150～200)min,出血量平均60(40～100)ml,术后住院平均7(5～9)d.随访平均14(6～24)个月,吻合口无狭窄,肾积水消失18例,肾积水明显减轻6例.结论 后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术治疗小儿 UPJO安全、有效,可以替代开放手术.     

腹部小切口腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术13例

目的:探讨腹部小切口腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床疗效。方法:共治疗13例。经腹腔途径腹腔镜下充分游离出肾盂和输尿管上段,仔细观察肾盂输尿管连接部,剪断狭窄段的远端,将一个穿刺孔延长至4cm左右,直视下进行肾盂输尿管吻合。结果:13例手术均获成功,无围手术期并发症。术后随访1～23个月,吻合口无狭窄,肾积水减轻,肾功能有不同程度改善。结论:本术式安全、有效,适合在刚开展腹腔镜手术的医院推广。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜肾盂离断成形术临床分析

目的 探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的手术技巧与临床应用价值.方法 2009年8月至2010年3月对15例肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜肾盂离断成形术.男12例,女3例;平均年龄20(12～55)岁.均采用利尿性肾图、IVU、磁共振尿路造形术(MRU)等检查确诊,其中左侧9例,右侧6例.依病变部位在脐患侧缘行长约3.5 cm的切口建立单孔操作通道.采用Olympus四方向可弯曲腹腔镜,主要采用标准腹腔镜器械.肾盂离断成形方法基本同普通腹腔镜方法.结果 手术均成功,无中转开放手术者.平均手术时间为90(75～145)min.术中未出现器官损伤,术后未出现尿漏.患者平均住院时间6(4～8)d.术后随访4～6个月,患者腰痛症状消失,IVU和(或)B超检查肾积水明显减轻或消失,无吻合口再狭窄.结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄安全、有效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the surgical techniques and clinical applications of single-port transumlilical laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Methods From August 2009 to March 2010, 15 patients were treated with single-port transumbilical laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. There were 12 males and 3 females,aged 12 to 55 years with an average age of 20 years, who were diagnosed by diuretic renography,IVU, and MRU et al. A single umbilical incision of 3. 5cm was made for single-port trocar and a flexible-tip 0°digital video-laparoscope was used in all cases. The procedures were performed according to the methods used in classical laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty with general instruments. ResultsAll operations were performed successfully without conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time was 90 (75-145) min, and the mean hospital stay length was 6 days. No organs injury occurred during operation, and no urine leakage was found afer operation. The symptoms of low back pain disappeared and hydronephrosis reduced apparently or dispeared without any anastomotic stenosis after follow-up of 4-6 months. Conclusions Single-port transumbilical laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is feasible, effective and safe for the treatment of UPJO.     

Retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty: Using reconstructive methods based on intraoperative findings

AIM: Reconstructive laparoscopic procedures have been recognized as a less invasive treatment than conventional open procedures. However, although the laparoscopic pyeloplasty has also been accepted as useful, few findings have been reported relevant to the retroperitoneal approach. To elucidate its effectiveness and safety, laparoscopic surgery via the retroperitoneal approach was examined in our institution. Furthermore, the importance of laparoscopic observation for ureteropelvic junction and urine passage ureteropelvic junction without indwelling ureteral stent. METHODS: Between July 1998 and December 2004, 13 men and 15 women underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal surgery for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The mean patient age was 33.6 years (range: 13-70 years). Methods of repair were determined by intraoperative findings for the relationship between the ureteropelvic junction and surrounding vessels. An indwelling ureteral stent was removed before initiating laparoscopic operation to observe the relationship between ureteropelvic junction and aberrant vessels more precisely. RESULTS: An aberrant renal vessel was found in 13 patients (46%). Dismembered pyeloplasty was carried out in 21 patients, Y-V plasty in five patients and Hellstrom technique in two patients. Ureteral transposition was not required in dismembered pyeloplasty cases. All patients achieved retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty without open conversion. The mean operative time was 272 min (range: 155-490 min). The mean estimated blood loss was 44 mL (range: 10-200 mL). No major complications were observed during the intraoperative period, but urinary tract infection occurred in two patients in the postoperative period. In all patients except one, obstruction was improved or resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal surgery is not only able to repair ureteropelvic junction obstruction, but can also be done safety and less invasively. We believe that laparoscopic observation without indwelling stent will contribute to a more appropriate choice of pyeloplasty.     

后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下肾盂成形术的技术特点及临床应用价值. 方法 采用后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄患者41例.男20例,女21例.平均年龄30(12～45)岁.左侧23例,右侧18例.有腰痛症状者31例,无症状体检发现者10例.其中孤立肾1例、马蹄肾3例、合并结石3例.41例均经临床及影像学检查证实.术中采用顺行置管和连续缝合技术.手术成功标准为患者症状消失,利尿肾图、IVU检查结果明显改善. 结果 41例平均手术时间160(95～300)min,平均出血量35(20～80)ml,无中转开放手术者.术中发现异位血管10例,均将输尿管置于血管腹侧.3例合并结石者均完整取出结石.术后发生漏尿1例,延长引流管放置时间,术后14 d漏尿停止.未发生其他并发症.平均住院时间7.5(5～14)d.平均随访28(13～52)个月,1例术后12个月因吻合口狭窄行开放手术治愈,手术成功率97.6%(40/41). 结论 后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术适应证广,效果肯定,可能成为治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的标准方法.     

改进后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术(附65例报告)

目的探讨改进后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术的临床应用价值。方法 2003年5月～2010年12月完成65例后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术,裁剪肾盂时暂不将肾盂和输尿管完全离断,保持肾盂壁下角与输尿管壁连接,尽量裁剪旋转不良扩张肾盂的背侧叶以矫正肾盂的腹侧转位,采用腹腔镜下体外和体内相结合的方法置入双J管。结果本组65例均获成功,无中转开放手术。手术时间60～195 min,平均82.4 min,术中出血量10～50 ml,平均25.2 ml。无周围脏器损伤,无严重并发症发生。2例术后吻合口漏尿,2～3周后自愈。术后住院时间6～9 d,平均6.5 d。52例随访3～90个月,平均25.1月,B超提示肾积水消失18例3,1例肾盂积水较术前减少7～24 mm,平均15.5 mm3,例肾积水较术前无明显较少;41例复查IVU,38例无吻合口狭窄,3例吻合口狭窄(行输尿管镜下内切开术,随访9、12、16个月,复查IVU无吻合口狭窄)。结论改进后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术使难度降低,疗效满意。     

后腹腔镜辅助小切口离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻

目的 探讨后腹腔镜辅助小切口离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（UPJO）的临床疗效。方法 采用后腹腔镜辅助，小切口、放大镜下吻合的离断式肾盂成形术治疗UPJO患者12例。男8例，女4例。年龄5～48岁。B超及尿路造影显示UPJO伴有肾积水，其中B超提示重度肾积水4例，中度6例，轻度2例。IVU显影良好9例，显影差3例。结果12例手术均获成功。手术时间100～180min，平均127min；出血量30～100ml，平均70ml；术后住院时间5～8d，平均5．6d；无手术并发症。术后随访3～12个月，经B超和IVU检查，UPJ吻合口无狭窄，肾积水减轻，肾功能有不同程度改善。结论 后腹腔镜辅助小切口离断式肾盂成形术是治疗UPJO的较实用、微创的手术，值得临床选择应用。     

Laparoscopic nephropexy

AIM: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic nephropexy for symptomatic nephrotosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between May 2000 and December 2005, 6 women (mean age, 43.1 years) underwent laparoscopic nephropexy of 8 kidneys (6 right, 2 left). Mean body mass index was 19.6 kg/m(2). Two patients displayed ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Preoperative evaluation was performed by intravenous urography (IVU) and isotope renography in both the supine and erect positions. Four patients (6 renal units) underwent retroperitoneoscopic nephropexy, with a dismembered pyeloplasty in 1 patient (1 renal unit). The transperitoneal approach was performed in 2 patients, the first case and another with UPJO due to an aberrant vessel. The kidney was mobilized, then fixed to the back muscles with nonabsorbable sutures. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 139.4 minutes (range, 95-200), and mean blood loss was 30 mL (range, 10-60). No perioperative complications were encountered. Mean hospital stay was 6.4 days. Postoperative IVU and isotope renography correctly confirmed a fixed kidney and no obstruction in the UPJO cases. All patients reported a symptomatic improvement during follow-up (range, 11-81 months). CONCLUSIONS: As pain is the presenting symptom in these cases, a laparoscopic approach seems to represent the gold standard for treatment owing to low morbidity and good cosmetic results.     

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty with a novel technique of JJ stenting in children

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty may be performed via a transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach. Retroperitoneal access is less popular because of the limited working space, especially in children. This study shows that retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty with a novel technique of JJ stenting is a feasible and effective alternative to open pyeloplasty with a relatively minimal complication rate in children.

OBJECTIVE

? To report our experience with retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty for pelvi‐ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction in children.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

? Between March 2007 and December 2009, 38 children with PUJ obstruction (mean age 8.3 years, range 3–14) underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. ? A ureteric catheter was inserted into the mid‐ureter cystoscopically. During pyeloplasty, the proximal end of the ureteric catheter was extracorporeally sutured to the distal end of the JJ stent with silk. ? The ureteric catheter was then pulled down and the stent was pulled antegrade into the ureter and bladder.

RESULTS

? The approach was retroperitoneal in all patients except one who required open conversion. The overall mean operative time was 162 min (range 145–210 min) and this appeared to decrease with experience. Mean hospital stay was 4 days (range 3–7 days). ? Mean follow‐up was 20.2 months (range 6–32 months). Satisfactory drainage with decreased hydronephrosis was documented in all patients on ultrasonography and intravenous urography.

CONCLUSION

? Our study shows that retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is a feasible and effective alternative to open pyeloplasty with a relatively minimal complication rate in children 3 years of age and older, but it should be undertaken by experienced laparoscopic surgeons.     

后腹腔镜Anderson—Hynes术在肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻治疗中的应用

目的介绍后腹腔镜Anderson-Hynes术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的方法和初步经验。方法2006年3月至2007年12月，采用后腹腔镜Anderson—Hynes肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者11例，其中男性7例，女性4例，平均年龄27岁，重度积水8例，轻中度积水3例。结果11例手术均获成功，手术时间为120～300min，平均为180min，术中出血量为20～80ml，平均为50ml。术中术后无严重并发症发生。术后随访3～20个月，腰部疼痛症状均消失，复查B超有2例肾脏积水完全消失，其余9例复查静脉肾盂造影肾盂积水均较术前明显减轻，未见吻合口狭窄结论后腹腔镜Anderson—Hynes肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻技术可行、安全有效，对于有丰富腹腔镜技术经验的术者可取代开放手术。     

后腹腔镜下肾盂成形术在小儿肾积水手术中的应用

目的总结后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾积水的经验。方法2003年12月至2005年9月收治肾积水患儿21例。男15例,女6例,平均年龄6．3岁。左侧14例,右侧7例。B超、IVU、放射性核素肾图检查均提示梗阻位于肾盂输尿管连接处。均采用后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术。结果21例患儿中手术成功19例,中转开放手术2例。手术时间150～230 min,平均185 min。术中平均出血量＜20ml。术后3个月随访B超或放射性核素肾图,肾积水有明显改善。结论后腹腔镜下肾盂成形术有望成为治疗小儿肾积水的可靠方法,远期效果有待进一步随访。     

Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty by a retroperitoneal approach in children

OBJECTIVES: To report our experience with dismembered laparoscopic pyeloplasty by a retroperitoneal approach in children with pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1999 and 2002, retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty was attempted in 21 children (one bilateral; mean age 8 years, range 1.7-17). In a flank position with four ports (one of 5 or 10 mm and three of 3 mm), the PUJ was resected and the anastomosis made using 6/0 absorbable sutures. Any redundant renal pelvis was reduced when needed. A JJ stent was inserted in all patients. RESULTS: The procedure could not be completed by laparoscopy in four patients, the main reason being difficulty in completing the anastomosis; in the other 18 patients the procedure was successful. An aberrant crossing vessel was found in nine patients and dismembered pyeloplasty enabled ureteric transposition in all, with no conversion. The mean (range) operative duration was 228 (170-300) min and the mean hospital stay 2.5 (2-4) days. In three patients the JJ stents were not in the bladder at the time of removal by cystoscopy, and ureteroscopy was used to retrieve them. All children returned to full activities within 7 days of surgery. The mean (range) follow-up was 12.7 (2-36) months, with six children followed for> 2 years; all were asymptomatic, with imaging confirming improved hydronephrosis. CONCLUSIONS: These mid-term results confirm that retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is a safe and feasible approach in children. Although the technique is very demanding it has the advantage of duplicating the principles of the open approach. The long operative duration and high conversion rate might be reduced with experience. Before expanding this approach to younger children, refinements in the anastomotic technique are needed.     

Pediatric laparoscopic pyeloplasty: 4-year experience

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty for correction of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in the pediatric population is comparable to open dismembered pyeloplasty in success rates. Experience with this procedure however remains limited. We review our experience with this technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The hospital records of consecutive patients undergoing surgery for UPJO between May 2001 and May 2005 were reviewed. Only those who underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty for single system UPJO were included in the study. Indications for surgical correction were T(1/2) > or = 20 minutes by diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid Lasix renography or symptomatology with hydronephrosis seen on renal ultrasonography (US). RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients were identified, all of whom were treated surgically for salvageable UPJO. Four underwent percutaneous endopyelotomy for concomitant urolithiasis, 27 underwent open dismembered pyeloplasty (parent choice or under 18 months of age), and 28 underwent laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. One patient had bilateral laparoscopic repairs at different times, resulting in 29 renal units that were reconstructed laparoscopically. Of these, 28 were completed. Eighteen procedures were performed on boys and 11 on girls. The mean age was 8.1 (1.6-18.9) years. The mean operating room time was 255 (157-396) minutes. Estimated blood loss was <10 mL in every patient. One patient required hospitalization longer than 23 hours because of postoperative ileus. A retroperitoneal urinoma developed in another patient, despite having a ureteral stent; it resolved with urethral catheter drainage. The first laparoscopic pyeloplasty resulted in open conversion because of failure of progression of the ureteropelvic anastomosis. At a mean follow-up of 27.9 (7.6-58.0) months, all patients demonstrated improvement of symptoms and drainage on nuclear renography or a decrease in the grade of hydronephrosis on renal US. CONCLUSION: Our series of patients undergoing laparoscopic pyeloplasty had excellent results with low morbidity. We consider this our primary technique for surgical correction of UPJO in patients older than 18 months.     

Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty--the method of choice in the presence of an enlarged renal pelvis and crossing vessels

OBJECTIVE: Herein we report our experience of 49 consecutive pyeloplasties that were all laparoscopically performed with an intracorporeally sutured anastomosis. We describe the operative technique, complications and outcomes during a follow-up period of 1-53 months (mean 23.2 months). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-nine patients (28 women and 21 men) with a mean age of 34 years (range 6-65 years) underwent a laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty because of primary ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction with hydronephrosis in each case. The preoperative evaluation included an evaluation for pain, an excretory urography (IVP), renal scan and sometimes CT angiography to evaluate for crossing vessels. Follow-up studies included an IVP, renal scan and renal ultrasound 4 weeks postoperatively and every 3 months thereafter. Success was considered as improvement of the pain score and IVP (less hydronephrosis, visible UPJ and/or normalization of drainage) or absence of an obstructive pattern during the washout phase of a renal scan. RESULTS: There was no conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time was 165 min (range 90-240 min). Blood loss was negligible. Crossing vessels were noted in 57.1% of the patients (28/49). Postoperative hospital stay was 3.7 days (range 3-6 days). One patient had a leakage of the anastomosis on postoperative day 1 and needed to undergo laparoscopic repair. The mean follow-up is 23.2 months (range 1-53 months). There was one single late failure. This patient later underwent an open revision of the laparoscopic pyeloplasty. In all other patients (48/49), the obstruction was resolved or significantly improved. The long-term success rate is 97.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of dismembered laparoscopic pyeloplasties compare favorably with those achieved by open pyeloplasties with less perioperative morbidity and discomfort. We do believe that laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty with an intracorporeal anastomosis is the method of choice in the treatment of the UPJ obstruction in the presence of an enlarged renal pelvis and crossing vessels.     

Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty in children younger than 2 years

PURPOSE: Since the first laparoscopic pyeloplasty was described in a child in 1995, there have been several reports of pyeloplasty in older children. However, to date there have been few reports of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in infants and toddlers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children younger than 2 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasties performed in children younger than 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of ureteropelvic junction obstruction was confirmed on renal sonography and diuretic renogram. Laparoscopic pyeloplasties were performed via a transperitoneal route as originally described, with key modifications. All children were investigated with postoperative diuretic renogram and renal ultrasonography. RESULTS: A total of 38 children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction underwent laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty between January 2001 and December 2005. Of these patients 11 (7 males and 4 females) were younger than 2 years at surgery (median 1.4, range 2 to 22 months) and 1 had bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction, for a total of 12 primary repairs. However, 2 patients (17%) required redo laparoscopic pyeloplasty, for a total of 14 laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasties in this age group. Operative time ranged from 70 to 140 minutes (mean 100) and median hospital stay was 2 days. Followup studies showed normal drainage in all patients except 1, who after redo pyeloplasty exhibited significantly improved but still prolonged drainage. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that laparoscopic pyeloplasty can now be performed in young children with good results.     

后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术(附25例报告)

目的:探讨后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析经后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗的25例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)患者的临床资料。其中男16例,女9例,年龄18～43岁,平均32岁。左侧14例,右侧11例。所有患者术前经静脉肾盂造影(IVP)、逆行肾盂造影(RP)或磁共振水成像(MRU)确诊。结果:25例手术均获成功。手术时间120～160 min,平均135 min;术中出血量50～100 ml,平均75 ml,无一例输血;术后住院时间5～8天,平均7.3天。术后尿漏1例。随访3～18个月,25例行IVP检查均显示UPJ吻合口无狭窄,肾积水明显改善。B超检查显示肾盂扩张积水消失20例,轻度3例,中度2例。结论:后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术安全、有效,充分体现了腹腔镜手术的微创优势,可以替代开放性手术,成为治疗UPJO的首选方法。     

俯卧位背侧入路后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床价值

目的：探讨俯卧位背侧入路后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（UPJO）的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析18例UPJO患者的临床资料。其中男12例,女6例,年龄18～65岁,平均31岁。所有患者行肾脏超声、静脉肾盂造影或多层螺旋CT尿路成像和逆行造影检查,其中2例行逆行造影证实迷走血管压迫,8例无症状患者行同位素肾图证实上尿路梗阻。结果：18例均在后腹腔镜下顺利完成手术。手术时间85～205min,平均125min;术中出血量35～80ml,平均54ml;术后住院6～12天,平均8．7天。围手术期未出现并发症。术后4～6周拔除双J管。随访时间9～20个月,平均14．7月,17例痊愈,总治愈率（94．4％）。1例发生再狭窄,二次行开放手术治愈。结论：俯卧位背侧入路后腹腔镜离断性肾盂成形术治疗UPJ0安全可行。经背侧入路后腹腔镜手术的成功实施为临床手术路径的研究提供一种新的思路。     

Laparoskopischen Pyeloplastik bei der Behandlung der Nierenbeckenabgangsstenose im Kindesalter

INTRODUCTION: Open pyeloplasty has been the gold standard for treating ureteropelvic junction obstruction, with a success rate greater than 90%. However, during the last decade the management has been revolutionized with the introduction of laparoscopy and endourology, yielding comparable results and fewer morbid outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1997 and 2007, dismembered and non-dismembered retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty was performed in 31 children with a medium age of 123 months (range 36-192 months). Fourteen children underwent dismembered pyeloplasty (Anderson-Hynes) and 16 children underwent non-dismembered pyeloplasty (YV plasty) and in one child we performed an ureterolysis. RESULTS: The mean operating time was 120 min (range 67-257 min). In 21 cases, intraoperative findings revealed a significant crossing vessel. Based on a furosemide nephrogram and subjective complaints, the success rate was 93%. The two failures (laparoscopic YV plasty and laparoscopic ureterolysis) occurred in the early phase of laparoscopy and have been treated by open Anderson-Hynes plasty. CONCLUSION: With increasing improvement of the suture techniques, laparoscopic pyeloplasty represents, in experienced hands, an alternative method with success rates comparable to the open technique. In our opinion, retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty is technically possible and feasible even in infants.     

Comparison of dismembered and nondismembered laparoscopic pyeloplasty in the pediatric patient

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is an acceptable option for ureteropelvic junction (UPS) obstruction in the pediatric population. We compared our results with dismembered and nondismembered laparoscopic pyeloplasty. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A series of 26 children between the ages of 8 months and 15 years (mean age 5 years) underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty for an obstruction not caused by a crossing vessel. Nineteen had an Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty (AH), while the remaining seven had a nondismembered pyeloplasty in a Heineke-Mikulicz fashion (HM). The outcome measures were operative time, length of hospital stay, and resolution of obstruction by ultrasonography and diuretic radionuclide imaging. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 3.1 hours and 2.5 hours for AH and HM, respectively. No difference in hospital stay was noted, with a mean of 3 days. The stent was removed 6 weeks later. Four of the seven patients having nondismembered procedures presented with acute flank pain within 3 days of stent removal. The AH pyeloplasty produced a 94% rate of resolution of UPJ obstruction, while the HM patients did poorly, with a success rate of only 43% (P = 0.002; Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS: We believe that for UPJ obstructions in children not involving a crossing vessel, laparoscopic dismembered (AH) pyeloplasty may be considered a safe alternative.