老年良性胆道梗阻引流后肝功能的观察

目的观察老年人胆道引流术后肝功能的变化情况.方法对老年良性胆道梗阻引流术后的病人43例与同期非老年病人30例作对照分析.结果2组的血总胆红素(TB)呈类似的变化.术后老年组的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和γ谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平较非老年组高,在术后1～2周后即有显著性差异(P＜0.05).非老年组的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ACT)或谷丙酸草酰乙酸转移酶(AST)升高值较老年组高(P＜0.05),但2组在相同的时间里恢复正常.老年组的白蛋白(ALB)水平始终低于非老年组(P＜0.01).结论良性胆道梗阻的老年人在胆道引流后AKP、GGT、ALT、AST的恢复较非老年人缓慢.     

S-腺苷蛋氨酸对梗阻性黄疸患者肝蛋白质合成及肝功能的影响

目的 探讨S-腺苷蛋氨酸（SAMe）对梗阻性黄疸患者肝蛋白质合成及肝功能的影响.方法 选取梗阻性黄疸患者60例,依据单双号分为观察组和对照组,各30例,两组患者均给予常规保肝治疗,在此基础上观察组加用SAMe 1 g静脉滴注,两组均治疗7d,比较治疗前后前清蛋白（PA）、清蛋白（ALB）、转铁蛋白（TF）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、谷氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）、谷酰转肽酶（GGT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）变化.结果 观察组患者在治疗后PA较治疗前明显升高（P＜0.05）,治疗后浓度高于对照组（P＜0.05）,对照组治疗后TF较治疗前有所下降（P＜0.05）,治疗后浓度低于观察组（P＜0.05）,两组在治疗前后ALB均无明显变化（P＞0.05）;两组治疗后AST、ALT、TBIL、DBIL、GGT、ALP较治疗前均有所下降（P＜0.05）,观察组以上肝功能指标下降幅度明显较对照组高（P＜0.05）.结论 SAMe用于治疗梗阻性黄疸能促进患者肝蛋白质合成及改善肝功能.     

中药对重症急性胃肠损伤患者肝储备功能的影响

目的:探讨中药Ⅰ号方对重症急性胃肠损伤(AGI)患者肝储备功能的影响。方法:采用前瞻性研究方法,选取符合AGI诊断标准的患者76例,随机分为西药组和中西药组,疗程7d,比较两组患者血清白蛋白(Alb)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、国际标准化率(INR)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)、间接胆红素(IBil)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)及28 d生存率的变化。结果:治疗后中西药组患者TBil、DBil、IBil、AST、PT、INR显著降低,且治疗前后下降的差值显著大于西药组(P0.05);治疗后西药组患者Alb较治疗前显著降低,ALP较治疗前显著升高(P0.05);西药组患者治疗前后Alb下降差值、ALP升高差值显著大于中西药组(P0.05);中西药组患者28 d生存率显著高于西药组(P0.05)。结论:中西药组患者28 d生存率的提升,可能与中药Ⅰ号方改善重症AGI患者肝储备功能相关。     

血清总胆汁酸检测在妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的临床意义

目的探讨血清总胆汁酸(TBA)测定对妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)的诊断价值。方法对44例不同孕期的ICP患者(ICP组)和45例健康孕妇(对照组)进行功能检验:总胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆红素(TBIL)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)。结果两组的检验数据对比,ICP组TBA值明显升高,具有统计学意义(P0.05);同时TBIl、ALT、AST、ALP与对照组比较也有统计学意义(P0.05);且随着孕期延长,ICP患者TBA水平有增高趋势。结论 TBA是检测胆汁淤积较敏感指标,可作为ICP患者常规检测项目之一。     

老年甲亢性肝损害患者炎症因子的变化及意义

目的探讨老年甲亢性肝损害患者炎症因子的变化及意义。方法选取40例老年甲亢性肝损害患者(老年组),40例中青年甲亢性肝损害患者(中青年组),40例健康体检老年人组(正常组)作为研究对象。采用化学发光法测定血浆中降钙素原(PCT)水平,放射免疫法测定IL-2、IL-6,ELISA法测定血清TNF-α,电化学发光法测定血清FT3、FT4,全自动生化分析仪测定血清ALT、AST、ALP、γ-GT和TBIL。结果老年组及中青年组IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、FT3、FT4、ALT、AST、ALP、γ-GT、TBIL水平均高于正常组(P0.05或P0.01),PCT水平较正常组比较偏高但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);老年组IL-2、TNF-α、FT3、FT4水平和中青年组比较无显著差异(P0.05),但老年组IL-6、ALT、AST、ALP水平高于中青年组(P0.05);血清IL-6与TNF-α、ALT、AST、ALP呈正相关(r=0.45,0.32,0.39,0.28,P0.05)。结论老年甲亢易伴发更严重的肝功能损害,IL-6、TNF-α水平升高可能是老年甲亢性肝损害发生的重要机制。     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二胺治疗肝功能损害60例分析

为了观察还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）联合甘草酸二胺与单用甘草酸二胺治疗急性感染性疾病所致肝功能损害的临床疗效,将肝损害患者120例随机分为联合治疗组（60例）和甘草酸二胺组（60例）。疗程均为2周,对比用药前后的肝功能指标变化情况。结果显示两组患者治疗后第2周末ALT、AST、γ-GT、ALP值较治疗前显著降低,其中联合组ALT、AST值较对照组下降更明显,ALT、AST治愈率较甘草酸二胺组高（P〈0．05）。GSH联合甘草酸二胺治疗急性感染性疾病所致肝功能损害近期疗效显著、安全。     

DSG-Ⅰ型生物信息红外肝病治疗仪治疗大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝

目的:观察DSG-Ⅰ型生物信息红外肝病治疗仪治疗大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的疗效.方法:♂SD大鼠50只随机分组,正常对照组20只喂饲普通饲料,模型对照组及近红外光治疗组共30只喂饲高脂饲料(0.88标准普通饲料 0.10猪油 0.02胆固醇).治疗组自13 wk始进行近红外线照射治疗,于20 wk结束治疗并处死各组大鼠,测定血清ALT、AST、GGT、ALP、TP、TG、TC、LDL和HDL水平,同时观察肝组织学改变.结果:20 wk实验结束时,与正常对照组相比,模型对照组肝指数(t=8.65,P＜0.01)、血清ALT(t=4.65,P＜0.01)、AST(t=4.74,P＜0.01)、ALP(t=3.56,P<0.01)、TP(t=6.35,P＜0.01)、TC(t=8.41,P＜0.01)和LDL(t=8.86,P＜0.01)水平显著升高;肝组织脂肪变性(Z=-4.135,P＜0.01)、炎症(Z=-3.752,P＜0.01)及纤维化程度(Z=-4.156,P＜0.01)均较对照组程度重.与模型对照组相比,近红外光治疗组肝指数、血清ALT、GGT、ALP、TP、TG和TC水平均有所下降,但无统计学意义,而AST有明显降低(t=-2.404,P＜0.05);肝组织脂肪变及炎症程度较模型组轻,但无统计学意义,而肝纤维化程度较模型组减轻(Z=-3.101,P＜0.01).结论:DSG-Ⅰ型生物信息红外肝病治疗仪时大鼠高脂饮食非酒精性脂肪性肝病有一定的治疗作用.     

超声引导下应用聚桂醇和无水乙醇抽吸固化治疗中老年肝肾囊肿的效果

目的观察对比超声引导下应用聚桂醇和无水乙醇抽吸固化治疗中老年肝肾囊肿的效果。方法肝肾囊肿中老年患者324例分为观察组和对照组各162例。患者均行超声引导下抽吸固化治疗。观察组使用聚桂醇,对照组使用无水乙醇,观察两组临床疗效、术后并发症及治疗前后肝肾功能的变化。结果观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗前总胆红素(TBil)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后1 w对照组ALT、AST水平明显高于观察组(P0.05)。治疗后6个月两组上述指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声引导下应用聚桂醇抽吸固化治疗中老年肝肾囊肿的效果与无水乙醇无明显差别,聚桂醇且不良反应低,短期内对患者肝功能影响小。     

复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性

[目的]观察复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯(ADM)治疗慢性乙型肝炎(慢乙肝)肝纤维化疗效.[方法]慢乙肝患者48例,随机分为2组,每组24例,A组以复方鳖甲软肝片与阿德福韦酯联合治疗,B组单独以阿德福韦酯治疗.观察2组治疗前后丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、胆红素(SB)的复常率及血清肝纤维化指标变化.[结果]治疗结束时,AST、SB复常率2组问差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),血清肝纤维化指标2组相比差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢乙肝肝纤维化有较好疗效.     

肠道益生菌联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病疗效

目的探讨肠道益生菌联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的临床价值。方法将100例老年NAFLD患者按随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组50例;试验组给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱和肠道益生菌口服治疗,对照组给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱口服,用法同试验组,疗程为3个月,记录两组治疗前后的血脂、肝功、肝脏超声评分,比较两组相关指标及治疗疗效差异。结果与治疗前比较,两组治疗后总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)均明显下降,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)升高(P0.05)。试验组治疗后HDL-C高于对照组,AST、GGT、ALT均低显著于对照组(P0.05)。试验组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合肠道益生菌治疗老年NAFLD疗效显著,可显著改善肝功能,是治疗老年NAFLD患者安全有效的方案。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.