影响孔源性视网膜脱离术后视力的因素分析

目的:探讨孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinalde-tachment,RRD)术后视力的恢复情况及其影响因素。方法:回顾性分析我院眼科2002-01/2007-10期间,以孔源性视网膜脱离为第一诊断并经手术治疗视网膜复位成功的病历资料,共99例102眼。其中采用巩膜外路手术81眼、玻璃体联合视网膜手术21眼。观察RRD患者的发病年龄、视网膜脱离范围、视网膜脱离时间、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)程度、黄斑状态、屈光状态、裂孔位置、手术前后视力、术后裂孔封闭及视网膜复位情况,用卡方检验对不同年龄、视网膜脱离范围、视网膜脱离时间、PVR分级、黄斑状态及屈光状态的患者术后视力变化情况进行分析,根据结果选择差异有统计学意义的因素进行Spearman等级相关检验。结果:视网膜复位术后视力提高53眼(52.0%),视力不变33眼(32.3%),视力下降16眼(15.7%)。不同PVR分级、黄斑状态、视网膜脱离范围、视网膜脱离时间及年龄的术后视力恢复情况有显著差别(P<0.05),不同屈光状态的术后视力恢复情况无明显差别。对上述因素进行Spearman等级相关检验,发现上述术前因素与术后视力关联程度从大到小为:PVR分级(rs=-0.521,P=0.000)、黄斑是否脱离(rs=-0.446,P=0.000)、视网膜脱离时间(rs=-0.423,P=0.000)、视网膜脱离范围(rs=-0.411,P=0.000)、患者年龄(rs=-0.267,P=0.007)。结论:RRD患者的术后视力恢复与术前PVR分级、黄斑状态、视网膜脱离时间、视网膜脱离范围、年龄有关,其中术前PVR分级、黄斑状态、视网膜脱离时间对术后视力的恢复影响最为显著。     

孔源性视网膜脱离治疗体会

目的:探讨巩膜外加压联合不放液手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效性和安全性。方法:选择2009-01/2013-01我院收治的88例88眼孔源性视网膜脱离的患者作为观察对象,所有病例均行巩膜手术,随机分为巩膜外加压联合不放液手术组(A组)44例44眼;巩膜外加压联合放液手术组(B组)44例44眼,比较两组患者的视网膜复位率、术后视力恢复情况以及术后并发症发生情况。结果:A组44眼解剖复位率为93%,B组44眼解剖复位率为89%,两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);A组手术后视力改善37眼(84%),B组手术后视力改善34眼(77%),A组较B组在视力恢复方面明显较好,两组比较差异显著(P<0.05);A组术后并发症发生率为11%,低于B组术后并发症发生率32%,但两组比较差异无显著性(P<0.05)。结论:巩膜外加压联合不放液手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离疗效显著,安全性较稳定,值得临床广泛推广。     

巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的:观察巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的效果。方法:孔源性视网膜脱离患者192例195眼,术中直视下定位、冷凝视网膜裂孔。131眼行巩膜表面节段性外加压,其中37眼联合环扎术;另64眼单纯行环扎术。145眼进行了视网膜下液引流术;16眼在手术结束时行玻璃体腔气体充填。结果:单次手术视网膜解剖复位185眼,首次手术复位率94.9%。术后视力较术前显著提高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术中及术后无严重并发症发生。结论:巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离安全有效。     

单纯孔源性视网膜脱离行微创巩膜外加压术后影响复位和视力的因素分析

目的：探讨单纯孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)行微创巩膜外加压术后影响复位和视力恢复的相关因素。

方法：收集2014-12/2017-10于我院就诊的初发RRD患者296例296眼作为研究对象,所有患者行微创巩膜外加压术,观察术后视网膜复位率以及BCVA,并对可能影响视网膜复位和视力恢复的因素进行分析。

结果：首次行微创巩膜外加压术后复位成功272眼(91.9%)。围术期影响视网膜复位的因素有裂孔数、视网膜脱离范围以及C1级PVR。随访6mo时,BCVA≥0.4者 196眼(66.2%),BCVA<0.4者 100眼(33.8%)。病程长短、术前BCVA、视网膜脱离范围、黄斑累及与否是影响术后BCVA的危险因素(均P<0.05),术前BCVA是影响术后BCVA恢复的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论：微创巩膜外加压术治疗RRD疗效确切,术后复位率较高,对于RRD患者需早发现早治疗。     

充气性视网膜固定术治疗下方裂孔RRD的疗效观察

目的:评价充气性视网膜固定术联合冷凝治疗下方裂孔的孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)的疗效。方法:选取下方裂RRD 22眼纳入研究。患者术前均行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、裂隙灯显微镜、间接检眼镜及三面镜检查确诊。所有患者行充气性视网膜固定术联合经结膜冷凝术,手术后随访6～24(平均12)mo。观察BCVA及视网膜复位率。结果:手术后经一次眼内充气性视网膜固定术,视网膜复位17眼(77%),2眼行再次眼内注气术联合视网膜激光光凝术视网膜完全复位,充气性视网膜固定术总的视网膜复位率达86%。3眼需要再次巩膜扣带术获得视网膜复位。所有病例最终复位率达100%。术后视力较术前视力明显提高(P<0.01)。结论:充气性视网膜固定术是治疗下方裂孔RRD的一种有效方法。     

球形孔源性视网膜脱离的改良手术治疗

目的:探讨改变巩膜外加压术的操作步骤治疗球形孔源性视网膜脱离的临床疗效。方法:回顾2002-06/2004-12球形孔源性视网膜脱离的患者56例(56眼),改变手术步骤为放液→玻璃体腔内注气→冷凝→加压(drain-air→cryotherapy→explants,DACE)。结果:随访6～12mo,手术1次视网膜复位率100%,术中、术后有13眼放液口处视网膜下局限少量出血,未影响视网膜复位及术后视力恢复。结论:DACE是治疗球形孔源性视网膜脱离的实用、有效的手术方法,视网膜复位率高,有效的提高了手术质量。     

玻璃体切除术治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离18例

目的：探讨玻璃体切除术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离并发脉络膜脱离的方法和疗效。方法：18例18眼并发脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离,行玻璃体切除术治疗,术后观察视力、视网膜复位情况及手术并发症等,随访2～6(平均3．3)mo。结果：在18眼中13眼(72％)术后视网膜复位,大部分视力均有不同程度的提高;5眼视网膜未复位,其中3眼经再手术后复位,2眼眼球萎缩,未再手术。手术并发症主要有术后葡萄膜炎、玻璃体积血、术后高眼压等。结论：及时的玻璃体手术治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离,大多数视网膜能够获得复位,部分恢复视功能。     

信息动态

视网膜脱离是视网膜神经上皮层与色素上皮层之间发生的脱离,根据病因可分为孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)、渗出性视网膜脱离和牵拉性视网膜脱离[1].其中RRD最为多见,其临床治疗以手术为主,术后解剖复位率可达90％以上[2].但临床工作中发现,部分RRD患者术后即使达到了裂孔闭合及视网膜解剖复位,视力却无明显改善.目前普遍认为,影响RRD术后视力恢复的主要因素是累及黄斑区的RRD引起黄斑部结构的改变,而黄斑中心凹下脉络膜对视力的影响因素尚未完全阐明.OCT具有无创性、分辨率高、穿透力强、灵敏度高的特点,且易对较小的组织结构改变成像.     

25G玻璃体切割术后空气与硅油填充治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效比较

目的:比较25G玻璃体切割术(PPV)联合空气或硅油填充治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的疗效。方法:前瞻性随机对照研究。收集2018-01/12经我院确诊的RRD患者146例146眼,根据25G PPV术后眼内填充物分为空气组(60例60眼)和硅油组(86例86眼)。术后随访6~12mo,分析两组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、视网膜解剖复位率及并发症情况。结果:术后1mo,空气组患者BCVA为0.45±0.5,硅油组为0.78±0.65,两组患者BCVA均较术前明显改善,且空气组患者BCVA明显优于硅油组(均P<0.05)。术后3mo,空气组患者视网膜解剖复位率(93.3%)低于硅油组(97.7%),但无差异;术后6mo,两组患者视网膜解剖复位率均为100.0%。本研究纳入患者术中主要并发症是医源性裂孔(6.8%),术后主要并发症是高眼压,术后早期(7d内)硅油眼高眼压比例明显高于空气组(P<0.001),但随访期间两组患者均未出现感染性眼内炎、脉络膜出血等严重并发症。结论:对于简单新鲜的RRD患者,25G PPV术后空气和硅油填充视网膜解剖复位率无差别,术后早期空气填充眼视力优于硅油填充眼,术后高眼压发生率更低。     

不放液巩膜外加压治疗视网膜脱离手术的适应证探讨

目的 探讨不放液巩膜外加压治疗视网膜脱离手术的适应证.方法 回顾分析83例(85只眼)增生性玻璃体视网膜病变﹙proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)C2级以下孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)行不放液的巩膜外加压术临床资料,分析视网膜解剖复位率、术后视力和手术并发症.83例患者术后随访时间3～48个月,平均9.2个月.结果视网膜复位79只眼,手术成功率为92.9%.PVRA级、B级、 C1级及 C2级视网膜复位率比较其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).手术并发症为3.5%,术后视力进步73只眼,占85.9%.结论 只要掌握好手术的适应证,不放液的巩膜外加压手术成功率高,手术并发症少,术后视力恢复快,适合于非复杂性视网膜脱离.     

Anatomical and functional outcome of surgery of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in high myopic eyes

PURPOSE: To analyse the anatomical and functional outcome of surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in highly myopic eyes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 111 high myopic patients (111 eyes) with primary RRD treated by scleral buckling or pars plana vitrectomy in a tertiary referral university hospital. The postoperative retinal status and best-corrected visual acuity were recorded. Risk factors including age, refractive error, duration of retinal detachment, preoperative visual acuity, extent of detachment, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent correlation of each variable on anatomical and functional outcome. RESULTS: Primary surgery resulting in retinal reattachment was achieved in 96 (86.5%) eyes with more than 6 months follow-up (range, 6-60 months). Sixty-eight (61.3%) eyes had postoperative corrected visual acuity 20/50 or more. Postoperative complications in high myopic eyes were variable, and the most common was cataract progression (19.8%). Upon multiple logistic regression analysis, young patients had significantly better anatomical outcome, although the variables including less refraction error, better preoperative visual acuity, scleral buckling procedure, and less surgical intervention showed better functional outcome in our series. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical outcome of surgery for primary RRD in highly myopic eyes was favourable, and young patients tended to have a higher success rate. Functional outcome was significantly correlated with refractive error, preoperative visual acuity, surgical procedure, and number of vitreoretinal surgery.     

玻璃体切割联合后巩膜加固术治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的：探讨玻璃体切割联合后巩膜加固治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离的方法与疗效。
　　方法：于2012-01/2013-12间收集高度近视性黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离患者45例45眼,分为玻璃体切割内界膜撕除联合后巩膜加固组( A组)28眼和玻璃体切割内界膜撕除组( B组)17眼。术前分别行视力、眼压、间接检眼镜、OCT检查,术后随访6~12mo,行视力、OCT检查,分别对视力、视网膜复位情况、黄斑裂孔闭合情况进行统计比较。
　　结果：(1)视力检查：术后视力：A 组1.19±0.39, B 组1.51±0.34,二者比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)术后视网膜复位率：A组100%,B组88.24%,两者比较无统计学差异;(3)术后黄斑裂孔闭合率：A 组82%,B 组53%,两者比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。
　　结论：玻璃体切割术联合后巩膜加固术治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离的手术方法安全可行,可更好的改善视力,提高黄斑裂孔的闭合率。     

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lens

AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment methods and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lens (ICL). METHODS: High myopia patients who received treatment for nontraumatic RRD after ICL implantation surgery at the Retinal Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from Jan 2018 to Dec 2022 were reviewed. Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including visual acuity measurement and digital fundus photography were performed in each patient. RESULTS: A total of nine RRD eyes from nine patients who received V4c-ICL implantation were included. The mean time from ICL implantation surgery to the diagnosis of RRD was 32.44±22.56mo (range, 1-60mo). At the initial visit for RRD, giant retinal tear (GRT), horseshoe tear, simple round hole, and horseshoe tear combined with round hole were detected in 3, 3, 2, and 1 eye(s), respectively, with macula-off in eyes. Eight patients received surgical treatment, and one patient was treated by retinal laser photocoagulation alone. The ICL was preserved in 7 eyes. At the last follow-up, the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly from 1.76±1.06 logMAR at presentation to 0.81±1.01 logMAR (P=0.035), and no case of recurrent retinal detachment was found. CONCLUSION: The morphological presentation of retinal breaks is diverse in this study. The ICL can be preserved in most cases during the course of retinal detachment repair surgery in our data, companied with acceptable visual and anatomical outcomes.     

折叠顶压球囊与传统巩膜外加压治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的对比研究

目的:对折叠顶压球囊(FCB)与传统巩膜外加压术(SB)治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的疗效及并发症进行对比研究。方法:回顾性分析2019-03/2022-04我院81例82眼RRD患者的临床资料,对比两种治疗方式下患者术后的视网膜复位率、最佳矫正视力和视网膜下积液吸收的疗效差异,以及术后不适、并发症的发生率。结果:术后FCB组视网膜复位率为96%,SB组复位率为92%,两组无差异(P>0.05)。两组波及黄斑患眼的最佳矫正视力手术前后比较均有差异(P<0.01)。两组均可促进患眼视网膜下积液吸收。FCB组手术时间为16.50(12.75,25.00)min, SB组手术时间为38.00(36.25,41.75)min(P<0.001)。FCB组患者术后眼睑肿胀不适发生率明显低于SB组(P<0.001),术后1d FCB组VAS疼痛评分1.00(0.00,2.00)分,SB组3.00(2.00,3.00)分(P<0.001)。结论:FCB治疗RRD是一种安全有效且可减轻患者痛苦的手术方法,相较于SB,手术时间明显缩短,患者术后不良反应轻。     

高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离的相关因素分析

目的 探讨高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离的相关危险因素,总结其临床特点及治疗方法.方法 连续收集合并脉络膜脱离的高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的病例10例(A组),并以同一时期不伴脉络膜脱离的高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离病例12例为对照(B组),对比两组发病年龄、病程、术前屈光度、眼轴、眼压、视网膜脱离范围以及术后视网膜复位、视功能恢复等情况.结果 A组发病年龄大、近视度数高、眼压低、视网膜脱离范围大,与B组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中眼压差异显著(P<0.01);两组的一次玻璃体切割手术视网膜复位率相近,A组为80%,B组为83%,但A组术后视力≥0.02的比例低(P=0.048).结论 高度近视黄斑裂孑L性视网膜脱离一旦合并脉络膜脱离常伴有年龄大、病程长、近视度数高、视网膜脱离广泛和显著低眼压等特点.适时采用玻璃体切割合并硅油填充术可达到与不合并脉络膜脱离组相近的视网膜复位率,但视力预后仍较差.     

Gas tamponade and macular grid laser photocoagulation in the management of recurrent retinal detachment

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of intraocular gas tamponade and macular grid laser photocoagulation to manage recurrent macular hole retinal detachment after an initially successful reattachment by gas tamponade in highly myopic eyes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five patients with high myopia and macular hole retinal detachment were treated by gas tamponade at the initial operation. Gas tamponade and macular grid laser photocoagulation were performed to treat recurrent retinal detachment at the second surgery. Demographic information, anatomic reattachment of the retina, and final visual acuity were studied. RESULTS: Final successful retinal reattachment at the end of follow-up was obtained in all five eyes. Improvement of postoperative visual acuity with respect to preoperative visual acuity was observed in all patients. CONCLUSION: Intraocular gas tamponade and grid laser photocoagulation in the macula for the management of recurrent macular hole retinal detachment provides good long-term anatomic success and acceptable functional results.     

后巩膜加固术治疗青少年病理性近视的疗效观察

目的：：探讨对病理性近视的青少年施行改良型 Synder-Thompson式后巩膜加固术的疗效及其安全性。方法：回顾分析于我院应用牛心包膜行后巩膜加固术的病理性近视患儿21例40眼,以同期未予手术治疗的病理性近视患儿13例26眼为对照组,随访3a,比较两组的屈光度、最佳矫正视力以及眼轴长度的变化情况。结果：随访3 a 后治疗组的平均等效球镜度为-12.90±3.22D,对照组为-13.40±1.85D,两组平均等效球镜度分别增加-1.13±0.45、-1.93±0.44D,两组相比差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);最佳矫正视力分别增加0.25±0.11、0.16±0.07,两组相比差异有显著统计学意义( P<0.01);眼轴增长分别为0.71±0.34、1.18±0.40mm,两组相比差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后无1眼出现视网膜脱离、眼前节缺血综合征、排斥反应、眼内出血等严重并发症。结论：后巩膜加固术可以安全、有效地阻止青少年病理性近视的眼轴延长、控制近视进展,并能提高视功能。     

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with primary congenital glaucoma

Background The development of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) in eyes with a history of congenital glaucoma (CG) is very rare. We present the characteristics and surgical outcomes of three cases with a RRD who had CG and had undergone surgery many years earlier. Cases Three men, ages 14, 43, and 48 years of age, each with a history of surgery for primary CG, presented with a RRD. All of the eyes were highly myopic. The retinal tears were located at the equator in all cases. The degree of RRD were superior half, total, and total (proliferative vitreoretinopathy). Observations Vitrectomy was performed and the retinas were reattached in all cases. However, the visual acuity in all cases remained poor. Conclusions Our findings indicate that a posterior vitreous detachment due to advanced vitreous liquefaction in the highly myopic eyes may have been the cause of the RRD. We recommend periodic fundus examinations in patients with CG, because while the RRD in patients with CG can be reattached the functional recovery may not be good.     

改良穿刺放液在23G玻璃体切除治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离中的疗效

目的：观察巩膜全层切开、原位穿刺放液术在微创玻璃体切除术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离中的安全性和临床疗效。

方法：临床病例回顾性分析。纳入2015-04/2017-04江苏省人民医院眼科住院治疗的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者20例20眼,所有患者均接受改良巩膜穿刺放液联合23G微创玻璃体切割术治疗。观察术中穿刺放液的成功率,手术前后视力、眼压变化情况,以及手术后视网膜复位率等情况。

结果：所有手术均一次顺利放出脉络膜上腔液体。患者术后视力较术前视力提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术前眼压7.00±2.05mmHg,术后3mo时平均眼压为15.38±2.66mmHg,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。初次手术视网膜复位率为90%(18/20),最终视网膜复位率为95%(19/20)。

结论：改良巩膜穿刺放液在微创玻璃体切割术治疗脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离中可简化手术操作,降低手术难度,减少术中并发症的发生。     

巩膜扣带术治疗合并视网膜下增生的孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的：分析巩膜扣带术(SB)治疗合并视网膜下增生的孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的有效性。

方法：回顾性临床分析研究。收集2016-10/2020-01于北京同仁医院眼科就诊的合并视网膜下增生的RRD患者54例54眼,其中男36眼,女18眼,平均年龄24.92±11.99岁,视网膜脱离范围<1、1～2、>2个象限分别为12、25、17眼; 累及黄斑47眼; 视网膜下增生范围<1、1～2、>2个象限分别为26、23、5眼; 术前平均最佳矫正视力(LogMAR)为1.21±0.77; 所有患者均采用全身麻醉下SB,观察术后视网膜复位率、最佳矫正视力及并发症。

结果：术后视网膜复位52眼(96%),视网膜未复位2眼(4%),再行玻璃体手术后复位。平均随访时间为19.17±11.15mo,末次随访平均最佳矫正视力(LogMAR)0.61±0.40,手术前后最佳矫正视力比较有差异(P<0.01)。所有患者术中及术后均未发生严重的并发症。

结论：在正确适应证选择的前提下,SB治疗合并视网膜下增生的RRD有较好的成功率。