后房型人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离临床分析

目的：探讨后房型人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离的临床特点及治疗方法。方法：对我院1996年至1998年3年间经常规视网膜脱离复位术及显微玻璃体视网膜联合术治疗的12例（12只眼）后房型人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果：行常规视网膜脱离复位术（巩膜外加压术、巩膜环扎术、巩膜环扎加外加压术）7只眼;玻璃体切除、眼内真充联合巩膜环扎术5只眼。随肪半年至3年,视网膜完全复位10只眼（均为一次手术复位,占83.3%）,部分复位1只眼,总复位率达91.7%。术后视力提高9只眼,不变2只眼,下降1只眼。12只眼均未行人工晶状体取出。结论：人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离具有发病早、发展迅速、眼内病变复杂、易致严重PVR、诊断及治疗难度加大等特点。一旦发现视网膜脱离,即根据不同的情况转择相应的手术方式、施行手术治疗,仍可取得较好疗效。     

外伤性白内障眼内异物晶状体玻璃体联合手术(英文)

目的:分析超声乳化玻璃体切除眼内异物取出人工晶状体植入联合术治疗外伤性白内障眼内异物的疗效。方法:回顾分析13例(13眼)眼球穿通伤外伤性白内障眼内异物患者行超声乳化玻璃体切除眼内异物取出人工晶状体植入联合术的术中,术后并发症及术后最佳矫正视力。术后随访2~12mo。结果:13例患者(男10例,女3例)平均年龄36.8(17~65)岁。所有患者眼内异物均取出。4例术中于玻璃体切除眼内异物取出后植入人工晶状体,5例于联合术后二期植入人工晶状体,4例患者未植入人工晶状体。术后最佳矫正视力为手动~0.8.最佳矫正视力0.5以上者4眼,0·1~0.4者5眼,0.1以下者4眼。术中发生玻璃体出血3例,术后发生视网膜脱离2例,二次手术视网膜复位。结论:超声乳化玻璃体切除人工晶体植入联合术治疗白内障眼内异物伤是安全有效的方法。患者术后的视功能取决于角膜、巩膜和视网膜损伤部位及病变程度。     

人工晶状体术后视网膜脱离48例临床分析

目的 分析人工晶状体术后视网膜脱离的原因，探讨治疗方法，提高治愈率。方法 分析48例(48只眼)人工晶状体术后视网膜脱离原因及治疗方法，对术后成功率进行统计。结果 48例(48只眼)人工晶状体视网膜既离术后随访半年至1年。单纯视网膜复位术(环扎 外垫压术)18只眼，14只眼复位(77．8％)；视网膜复位术 玻璃体切割术 注气6只眼，5只眼复位(83．3％)；视网膜复位术 玻切术 取出人工晶状体 注油或注气7只眼，7只眼复位(100％)；视网膜复位术 玻切术 注油17只眼，15只眼复位(88．2％)。所有末复位眼中，除2例因年龄及经济原因放弃治疗外，其余均行二次玻璃体手术获得成功。结论 人工晶状体术后视网膜脱离术前检查对手术方式的选择至关重要，玻璃体切割手术是治疗人工晶状体术后视网膜脱离的主要方法。     

后房型人工晶体植入术后视网膜脱离的治疗

目的 探讨后房型人工晶体植入术后视网膜脱离的治疗方法。方法 对4年来收治的后房型人工晶体植入术后发生视网膜脱离行玻璃体切除联合巩膜环扎和眼内填充手术治疗的20只眼做回顾性分析。结果 视网膜完全复位16只眼，部分复位2只眼，总复位率为90%。术后视力提高17只眼，占85%，不变2只眼，下降1只眼。行人工晶体取出6只眼，占30%。术后并发症5只眼，其中人工晶体偏斜2只眼，前房及玻璃体出血1只眼，硅油部分进入前房导致角膜局部变性2只眼。 结论 玻璃体切除联合巩膜环扎和眼内填充术，是治疗后房型人工晶体植入术后视网膜脱离的有效方法。(中华眼底病杂志,1998,14:165-166)     

经巩膜双通道行硅油填充眼视网膜脱离复位木的临床观察

目的 评价经巩膜双通道行硅油填充眼视网膜脱离复位术的临床疗效。方法 对12例(12眼)硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离的患者，在保留硅油的条件下，经上方巩膜双通道行眼内剥膜、内放液、激光光凝、补充硅油等复位视网膜，观察手术效果及术后并发症。结果 12只眼中，术后视网膜复位11眼，另一眼术后因增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变视网膜未能复位，术后并发症：玻璃体出血1眼。结论 对于选择的部分硅油填充眼视网膜再脱离的患者，经巩膜双通道行视网膜复位术是安全、有效、经济实用的治疗方法。     

玻璃体切割联合白内障手术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的观察玻璃体视网膜手术联合晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术及硅油填充术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法将63例(67眼)增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者进行玻璃体视网膜手术联合晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术,剥膜、眼内激光、硅油填充或气体填充等,术后随访3～18个月观察治疗效果。结果单纯玻璃体视网膜手术23眼,联合晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术25眼,术中注入硅油37眼。术后矫正视力不同程度改善52眼,11眼不变,4眼下降。术中眼内出血5眼;术后玻璃体积血2眼,视网膜上出血2眼,一过性高眼压14眼,继发性青光眼2眼,白内障加重或形成13眼,后发性白内障形成6眼。结论玻璃体视网膜手术联合晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术,剥膜、眼内激光、硅油填充或气体填充等治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变安全有效,联合手术可避免再次行白内障手术,减少视网膜脱离、白内障、继发性青光眼等并发症的发生率。     

单纯玻璃体切除术治疗细菌性眼内炎的疗效评价

目的 评估单纯行玻璃体切除术对外因性细菌性眼内炎的疗效。方法 外因性细菌性眼内炎21例(21只眼)，其中白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后1只眼，眼球穿通伤后20只眼。均作睫状体平部三切口玻璃体切除术，晶状体混浊者一并切除，若有球内异物一并取出，伴视网膜脱离者，重水或气／液交换复位视网膜后行眼内炎光凝、长效气体或硅油填充以及巩膜环扎，术中灌注液内不加入庆大霉素，术毕不作玻璃体腔注药，术后联合抗生索和激素静脉用药。结果 炎症控制20只眼，术后矫正视力提高20只眼，有效率为80．95％。结论 玻璃体切除术对严重细菌性眼内炎而言是最重要的治疗手段。     

眼内异物摘出联合白内障摘出人工晶状体植入

目的 评价眼内异物伴外伤性白内障行异物摘出联合白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法 对25例(25眼)眼内异物伴外伤性白内障依异物的位置不同而采用3种术式：采用玻璃体切除(9眼)或磁铁吸出玻璃体异物(10眼)，联合晶状体超声乳化及折叠人工晶状体植入；或经角膜缘切口摘出晶状体内异物联合囊外摘出PMMA人工晶状体后房植入(6眼)。结果 随访3月，术后视力≥0．515眼，0．1～0.48眼，0.082眼。术后视力低的主要原因是眼铁质沉着症。术后视力与角膜伤口的大小部位有关，与视网膜异物与黄斑区的距离有关。术后无眼内炎或视网膜脱离的发生。结论 准确判定预后、排除眼内炎视网膜脱离的因素而行眼内异物摘出联合人工晶状体植入是可行的。     

未发现裂孔的人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离的治疗

目的回顾玻璃体切割联合巩膜扣带术治疗未发现裂孔的人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离的结果。方法5例（5眼）未发现视网膜裂孔的人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离患者应用标准的三通道经睫状体扁平部的玻璃体切割、液-气交换、内引流、眼内激光和巩膜扣带术治疗,术后随访6～12个月,观察术前、术后视力,术后视网膜复位状态及手术并发症。结果所有患眼在施行一次手术后视网膜均获复位,应用对数视力表检查3眼视力增进至少3行,视力不变和减退者各有1眼,后者都有黄斑病变。结论对未发现裂孔的人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离患者联合应用玻璃体切割、液-气交换、内引流、眼内激光和巩膜扣带术治疗,显示有良好的解剖和功能效果。     

玻璃体切除术后二期人工晶状体缝线固定术

玻璃体手术为复杂眼外伤提供了有效疗法，对于严重的外伤引起的眼部损害，如外伤性白内障、晶状体脱位合并眼后段的玻璃体积血、眼内异物或视网膜脱离时，我们采用晶状体玻璃体切除、视网膜复位术，术后选择眼部情况稳定、矫正视力较理想病例，行Ⅱ期人工晶状体缝线固定术，效果良好。现将我科自2001年3月～2003年8月治疗16例报告如下：     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.