Correlation between facial measurements and the mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth

One of the most difficult aspects during the selection of maxillary anterior teeth for a removable prosthesis is determining the appropriate mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth. Many attempts have been made to establish methods of estimating the combined width of these anterior teeth, and improving the esthetic outcome. The proportion of facial structures and the relationship between facial measurements and natural teeth could be used as a guide in selecting denture teeth. The aim of this study was to verify the relation between the combined mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth and the facial segments: the width of the eyes, the inner canthal distance (ICD), the interpupillary distance (IPD), the interalar width, and the intercommissural width (ICm). Standardized digital images of 81 dentate Brazilian subjects were used to measure both facial and oral segments when viewed from the frontal aspect through an image processing program. To measure the distance between the upper canines on a curve, accurate casts were made from the upper right first premolar to the upper left first premolar. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was conducted to measure the strength of the associations between the variables (alpha = 0.05). The results showed a significant correlation between all facial elements and the combined mesiodistal width of the six teeth, when observed from the frontal aspect. The ICD, IPD, and ICm showed the highest probability of being correlated to the mesiodistal width of the teeth (p = 0.000). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This article considers facial analysis with digital photography as a practical and efficient application to select the mesiodistal width of artificial anterior teeth in an esthetically pleasing and natural appearance during an oral rehabilitation treatment.     

Distance between the medialis angles of the eyes as an anatomical parameter for tooth selection

Summary  During the construction of a removable prosthesis, the lack of pre-extractions records turns the selection of artificial maxillary anterior teeth into a complex procedure. The aim of this study was to identify a mathematical relation between the anterior dental segment and the distance between the medialis angles of the eyes, for selecting the suitable width of the six maxillary anterior teeth. Standardized digital images of 80 dentate Brazilian subjects were used to measure both facial and oral structures when viewed from the frontal aspect through an image processing program. Accurate casts were made to measure on a curve the distance between the maxillary canines. Parametric statistics was performed to analyse the results ( P  < 0·05). The distance between the medialis angles of the eyes showed no significant difference according to gender ( P  < 0·108). The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient showed significant positive correlation between the distance between the medialis angles of the eyes and all variables compared. After the linear regression analysis, mathematical formulae and biometric ratios were concluded to estimate the combined width of the six maxillary anterior teeth from the measurement of the distance between the medialis angles of the eyes. The distance between the medialis angles of the eyes measured through photogrammetry can be a reliable guide for tooth selection.     

Relationship Between Pterygomaxillary Notches and Maxillary Anterior Teeth

Purpose: Selection of the appropriate size of maxillary anterior teeth in complete dentures may be difficult, as there is no universally accepted method that can be used reliably. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between the total mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth and the interpterygomaxillary notch distance. Material and Methods: One hundred and ten maxillary impressions were made on dental students (67 women, 43 men; 19 to 22 years old) using stock tray and irreversible hydrocolloid impression material. The mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth and the distance of the interpterygomaxillary notch were measured by digital caliper on stone casts (on two separate occasions by two independent observers). The results were analyzed using correlation regression tests. Results: The mean mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth was 46.02 (±2.8) mm, and the mean distance of the interpterygomaxillary notch was 42.38 (±3.47) mm. A significant correlation was found between mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth and the interpterygomaxillary notch distance (p= 0.003; r = 0.28). Standardized coefficient was found to be low (28%) to predict the appropriate size of maxillary anterior teeth. Conclusion: Total mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth correlated with the distance between pterygomaxillary notches; however, measurement of the interpterygomaxillary notch could not be used for tooth selection reliably due to the low standardized coefficient. Within the limitations of this study, the interpterygomaxillary notch distance is not useful for the selection of six maxillary anterior teeth in edentulous patients.     

Biometry of width between labial transitional line angles in anterior teeth: an observational study

PURPOSEThe maximum width between the mesial and distal labial transitional line angles, described as “esthetic width” herein, could significantly influence the visual perception of the teeth and smile. This study aimed to conduct biometric research on esthetic width and to explore whether regular distribution exists in the esthetic width of human teeth.MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 4,264 maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were measured using the Geomagic studio software program. The proportions of maxillary to mandibular homonymous teeth and proportions between the adjacent teeth were calculated. Bilateral symmetry and the correlation between the esthetic and mesiodistal widths were both accounted for during the measurement procedures.RESULTSThe mean esthetic widths were 6.773 ± 0.518 mm and 4.329 ± 0.331 mm for maxillary and mandibular central incisors, respectively, 5.451 ± 0.487 mm and 5.008 ± 0.351 mm for maxillary and mandibular lateral incisors, respectively, and 3.340 ± 0.353 mm and 5.958 ± 0.415 mm for maxillary and mandibular canines, respectively. Except for the mandibular canines, no significant difference in esthetic width was found among homonymous teeth from the same jaw. A high linear correlation was found between the esthetic and mesiodistal widths of the same tooth, except for the maxillary canines. Esthetic width proportions among different tooth categories showed some regular patterns, which were similar to those of the mesiodistal width.CONCLUSIONEsthetic width is regularly distributed among the teeth in the Chinese population. This could provide an important reference for anterior dental restorations and dimension recovery in esthetic reconstruction of anterior teeth.     

Comparison of Anterior Tooth Width in Natural and Artificial Dentitions

Purpose This study characterizes the distribution of the mesiodistal widths of maxillary anterior natural teeth for comparison with the widths of the most commonly used artificial denture teeth. Materials and Methods The width of the six maxillary anterior teeth was measured on a curve defined by the facial surfaces of the teeth. Four hundred fifty-one casts of completed orthodontic patients (154 men and 297 women) were measured separately by gender. The width of the maxillary anterior natural teeth was compared to that of artificial denture teeth (Bioblend, Dentsply International, York, PA). Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) width of the six anterior teeth for men and women (55.6 ± 3.1 mm and 53.6 ± 3.0 mm, respectively) differed significantly (P < .05). The mode (most frequent size) was 55 mm for both men and women; however, 40% of the women and 67% of men had anterior teeth that measured 55 mm or wider. In contrast, the mean width of the most widely distributed artificial maxillary denture teeth (Bioblend) is 50.1 mm, with a range of 44 to 58 mm. Of the 42 molds available, only 5 have a width of 55 mm or greater. Conclusions These findings suggest that one reason for the inappropriate selection of comparatively small maxillary denture teeth is the lack of physiologically sized tooth molds.     

The relationship between intercanthal dimension and the widths of maxillary anterior teeth

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: One of the difficult aspects of complete denture prosthodontics is the selection of appropriately sized maxillary anterior teeth. Many attempts have been made to establish methods of estimating the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth and/or central incisors. PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to determine whether a relationship exists between the intercanthal dimension and 4 mesiodistal width combinations of the maxillary anterior teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The maxillary anterior teeth of 443 adult subjects were examined. Intercanthal distance was measured between the median angles of the palpebral fissure. The mean widths of the 2 central incisors, the combined widths of the central incisors, the combined width of the 4 incisors, and the combined width of the 6 anterior teeth were determined intraorally at their widest dimension. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between intercanthal distance and the 4 measurements of maxillary anterior teeth (alpha=.05). RESULTS: Although the Pearson correlation coefficients were relatively small, a significant relationship existed between intercanthal dimension and the 4 maxillary teeth dimensions (P<.0001). It was found that biometric ratios of 1:0.267 and 1:1.426 could be used to estimate the central incisor width and the combined widths of the 6 anterior teeth, respectively. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that intercanthal distance can be used as a preliminary method for determining the width of the maxillary anterior teeth for edentulous patients.     

Inner canthal distance and geometric progression as a predictor of maxillary central incisor width

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Estimating the mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisors may be difficult when artificial teeth are selected for edentulous subjects. PURPOSE This study examined the relationship between inner canthal distance and maxillary central incisor mesiodistal width in terms of the geometric progression popularly known as the golden proportion. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two hundred twenty-nine dentate Saudi subjects (120 males, 109 females; mean age 21.46 years) free from facial and dental deformities were examined. The mesiodistal width of each maxillary central incisor was measured between its interproximal contact points. The inner canthal distance was measured from medial angle to medial angle of the palpebral fissures of the eyes. The common ratios of geometric progression are 0.618 and 1.618. The inner canthal distance of each subject was multiplied by a decreasing function value of the geometric progression term (0.618) to provide the combined width of 2 central incisors. The product was then divided by 2 to obtain the width of a single maxillary central incisor. A t test was used to identify any significant differences in mesiodistal tooth width and inner canthal distance by gender. Agreement between the measured and calculated central incisor widths was evaluated with Pearson's correlation coefficients, as was intraexaminer reliability. Significance was set at alpha=.05. RESULTS: The mean inner canthal distance of male and female subjects was 28.7 +/- 1.7 mm and 27.9 +/- 2.1 mm, respectively. The mean maxillary central incisor width of male and female subjects was 8.87 +/- 0.5 mm and 8.68 mm +/- 0.4 mm, respectively. Differences between the mean values for both measurements were significant (P =.002). The actual and calculated widths of the natural maxillary central incisors were found to be highly correlated (r =.943). CONCLUSION: Within the population tested, a significantly higher mean inner canthal distance and maxillary central incisor width were recorded for male subjects. Inner canthal distance, when multiplied by a decreasing function value of the geometric progression term and then divided by 2, was a reliable predictor of maxillary central incisor width.     

Comparative Measurement of Mesiodistal Width of Six Anterior Maxillary and Mandibular Teeth in Rajasthan Population

The purpose of the study was to determine the mesiodistal width of six anterior teeth for better esthetics and good tooth arrangement in a cross section of Rajasthan population. The mesiodistal dimension of central, lateral incisor and canine on right and left sides was measured in 250 males and 250 females, these readings were used to determine the mean, minimum and maximum maxillary/mandibular teeth ‘anterior ratio’, difference in mesiodistal width, combined mean mesiodistal width, the number and percent of similar teeth of maxilla and mandible. It was observed from the present study that there is variation in mesiodistal width in right and left sides signifying that the anterior teeth are not mirror images of one another. Male subjects have greater mesiodistal width than female subjects and right side dominates in most of the readings indicating that mesiodistal width is greater on right side than on left side. Percentage variability and sexual dimorphism are also important findings of this study. This study can prove helpful in replacement of artificial teeth of prosthesis in this cross section of population.     

EVALUATION OF THE NEED TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN WHITE AND BLACK PATIENTS IN PREDICTING THE COMBINED MESIODISTAL CROWN WIDTH OF CANINES AND PREMOLARS

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the need to distinguish between white and black patients when predicting the combined mesiodistal crown width of canines and premolars in Recife. A sample of 120 dental casts (60 from black and 60 from white patients) was selected from the archives of dental clinics in Recife. The mesiodistal crown width of the maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars and of the mandibular incisors was measured in these casts using a caliper with an accuracy of 0.02mm. The combined mesiodistal crown width of these teeth in the black patients was compared with that found in the white patients, and also with the estimated values obtained by regression equations based on the sample of white patients and on a large sample of a population from the same city. The study demonstrated that there were no significant differences between whites and blacks in the combined mesiodistal crown width of any of the three analyzed teeth groups and also revealed that such equations were statistically accurate in estimating the mesiodistal crown width of canines and premolars in blacks. It was concluded that there is no need for specific tables or equations regarding the patient''s race in the analysis of mixed dentition in Recife.     

400颗上颌前牙根管弯曲情况的研究

目的了解上颌前牙根管弯曲情况。方法采用间接数字化X线成像技术拍摄400颗上颌前牙的近远中向和颊舌向X线影像,分析根管的弯曲情况。结果上颌前牙根管以Ⅰ型为主。上颌中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙只出现近远中向弯曲的比例为11.17%、16.19%、21.43%,只出现唇舌向弯曲的比例为39.59%、40.00%、29.59%,近远中向和唇舌向都存在弯曲的比例为4.60%、35.24%、24.49%。大约50%左右的上颌前牙根管存在中度弯曲;与上颌切牙相比, 上颌尖牙的弯曲度略大而弯曲半径略小。结论上颌前牙根管弯曲情况较复杂,其中以上颌尖牙为甚。充分了解根管的分型、弯曲度和弯曲半径是完善上颌前牙根管治疗的需要。     

关中地区汉族成人前牙根管弯曲度调查

目的：了解关中地区汉族成人前牙根管弯曲情况。方法：采用间接影像学手段，运用改良的Schneider测量方法，利用电子测量尺进行测量，分析根管弯曲情况。结果：前牙多数为Ⅰ型根管，其中上颌尖牙根管弯曲发生率高（68．5％）。各牙位的弯曲发生位置偏根尖1／3处。上颌前牙有个别牙为近远中向S型根管弯曲。上颌尖牙根管弯曲度与年龄有显著相关关系（P=0．03）。结论：前牙根管弯曲情况复杂，上颌尖牙根管弯曲程度重。上颌尖牙根管弯曲度与年龄有显著负相关关系。     

An analysis of maxillary anterior teeth: facial and dental proportions

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The size and form of the maxillary anterior teeth are important in achieving pleasing dental and facial esthetics. However, little scientific data have been defined as criteria for evaluating these morphological features. PURPOSE: This study analyzed the clinical crown dimensions of maxillary anterior teeth to determine whether consistent relationships exist between tooth width and several facial measurements in a subset of the Turkish population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Full-face and anterior tooth images of 100 Turkish dental students viewed from the front and engaged in maximum smiling were recorded with digital photography under standardized conditions. Gypsum casts of the maxillary arches of the subjects were also made. The dimensions of the anterior teeth, the occurrence of the golden ratio, the difference between the actual and perceived sizes, and the relationship between the anterior teeth and several facial measurements by gender were analyzed using the information obtained from both the computer images and the casts. One-sample, 2-sample, and paired t tests, and repeated-measures analysis of variance and Duncan multiple-range tests were performed to analyze the data (alpha=.05). RESULTS: The dimensions of the central incisors (P<.05) and canines (P<.01) varied by gender. The existence of the so-called "golden proportion" for the maxillary anterior teeth as a whole was not found. Significant differences emerged when the mean ratios between various perceived widths were compared with their ideal golden ratios (P<.01). Proportional relationships between the bizygomatic width and the width of the central incisor, and the intercanine distance and the interalar width in women were observed. CONCLUSION: The maxillary central incisor and canine dimensions of men were greater than those of women in the Turkish population studied, with the canines showing the greatest gender variation. Neither a golden proportion nor any other recurrent proportion for all anterior teeth was determined. Bizygomatic width and interalar width may serve as references for establishing the ideal width of the maxillary anterior teeth, particularly in women.     

191例福建居民上颌前牙解剖长度及宽度分析

目的: 通过锥形束CT（cone-beam CT, CBCT）测量分析,了解福建居民上前牙解剖学特征,为进行上颌前牙区修复提供参考。方法: 利用CBCT测量191例就诊于福建医科大学附属口腔医院门诊患者的1 146颗上前牙（中切牙、侧切牙、尖牙）各牙位的长度及宽度,根据性别进行分组,量化分析牙体解剖特征的参数比例（宽长比及宽度比）。采用SPSS 19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 男性中切牙、尖牙的宽度和长度大于女性,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,男性、女性侧切牙的宽度和长度无显著差异（P>0.05）;男性、女性上颌前牙的宽长比值无显著差异（P>0.05）,宽度比值差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论: 临床上应充分考虑患者地区、种族及性别差异,以更好地进行上颌前牙修复。     

Stature estimation using odontometry and skull anthropometry.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of estimating height from odontometry and anthropometric data of the skull for the positive identification of height in forensic investigations concerned with fragmentary human remains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 100 Mysorean patients, 50 males, and 50 females. Measurements of mesiodistal widths of the six maxillary anterior teeth, circumference of the skull, and height were made directly on each patient. Anteroposterior diameter of the skull was obtained on the lateral cephalograph. The data collected were subjected to statistical methods. The known heights of the combined data, data for males, and females were regressed against the odontometric and anthropometric variables using linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Significant sexual dimorphism was observed for the parameters studied ( P 0.05). Highly significant correlation was found between height and other parameters when combined data and data for males were regressed. The equation relating height to the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth was derived as height = 982.421 + 13.65 x combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth ( P 0.0001). Similarly equations were obtained by regressing height to head circumference and skull diameter ( P 0.0001 for both). The above findings may hence provide reliable method of estimation of height from skeletal remains in the forensic setup.     

Canine Tip Marker: A Simplified Tool for Measuring Intercanine Distance

Purpose: Appropriate selection of anterior teeth is considered to be of paramount importance in the success of denture prostheses. This study was undertaken to evaluate the correlation between the intercanthal width and interalar width with intercanine distance, in North Indian male and female patients for predicting the mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth during tooth selection. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with 100 North Indian patients (50 men, 50 women) ranging in age from 17 to 21 years. A digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm was used to measure the intercanthal and interalar width. A T‐shaped flat metal plate (canine tip marker) was used to mark the intercanine distance, which was then measured with the digital caliper. These measurements were interpreted and subjected to statistical analysis. Student's t‐test was applied to test the correlation between intercanthal width and interalar width with intercanine distance. Results: Calculated t‐values between intercanine distances with interalar width in both male and female groups were 3.14 and 3.56, respectively, greater than the standard value taken at a 5% level of significance with 48 degree of freedom, showing a higher correlation of interalar width with the intercanine distance. Values obtained between intercanthal width and intercanine distance were lower than the standard value in both groups. Conclusions: A significant correlation was found between interalar width and intercanine distance in both men and women, suggesting that interalar width can be used as a reliable guide for maxillary anterior teeth selection.     

Anatomic crown width/length ratios of unworn and worn maxillary teeth in white subjects

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Dimensions of teeth have been available for a century. Some significant and clinically relevant aspects of dental esthetics, however, such as the crown width/length ratios, have not been presented in tooth morphology sources until recently. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the anatomic crowns of 4 tooth groups (central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, and first premolars) of the maxillary dentition with respect to width, length and width/length ratios and determine how these parameters are influenced by the incisal edge wear. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Standardized digital images of 146 extracted human maxillary anterior teeth from white subjects (44 central incisors, 41 lateral incisors, 38 canines, 23 first premolars) were used to measure the widest mesiodistal portion "W" (in millimeters) and the longest inciso-cervical/occluso-cervical distance "L" (in millimeters). The width/length ratio "R" (%) was calculated for each tooth. A 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of W, L, and R for the different groups ("unworn" and "worn" subgroups, except for premolars). Multiple least significant difference range tests (confidence level 95%) were then applied to determine which means differed statistically from others. RESULTS: There was no influence of the incisal wear on the average value of W (width) within the same tooth group. The widest crowns were those of central incisors (9.10 to 9.24 mm) > canines (7.90 to 8.06 mm) > lateral incisors (7.07 to 7.38 mm). Premolars (7.84 mm) had similar width as canines and worn lateral incisors. The L-value was logically influenced by incisal wear (worn teeth were shorter than unworn teeth) except for lateral incisors. The longest crowns were those of unworn central incisors (11.69 mm) > unworn canines (10.83 mm) and worn central incisors (10.67 mm) > worn canines (9.90), worn and unworn lateral incisors (9.34 to 9.55 mm), and premolars (9.33 mm). Width/length ratios also showed significant differences. The highest values were found for worn central incisors (87%) and premolars (84%). The latter were also similar to worn canines (81%), which constituted a homogeneous group with worn lateral incisors (79%) and unworn central incisors (78%). The lowest ratios were found for unworn canines and unworn lateral incisors (both showing 73%). CONCLUSIONS: Along with other specific and objective parameters related to dental esthetics, average values for W (mesiodistal crown dimension), L (inciso-cervical crown dimension), and R (width/length ratio) given in this study for white subjects may serve as guidelines for treatment planning in restorative dentistry and periodontal surgery.     

A cross-sectional study of canine dimorphism in establishing sex identity: comparison of two statistical methods

SUMMARY The occurrence of canine tooth dimorphism in Indian subjects has been investigated and the use of two statistical methods of evaluation compared. These were the methods of N.G. Rao and co-workers published in 1988 and quadratic discriminant analysis for correct classification of sex. Parameters considered were (i) the mesiodistal width of maxillary and mandibular canines, (ii) the maxillary canine arch width (intercanine distance) and (iii) the mandibular canine arch width. The results indicated significant dimorphism of the maxillary and mandibular canine teeth. When the results of the arch widths were subjected to the two statistical methods, differing results were obtained in the accuracy of sex classification. The percentage of correct classifications of sex was higher when using quadratic discriminant analysis.     

Relationship of the maxillary canines to the incisive papilla

The positioning of denture teeth in a completely edentulous patient is dependent on many factors. Anatomic landmarks are frequently valuable in complete denture fabrication. The topography of the palatal soft tissue in relationship to tooth position in dentate patients may be an aid in the placement of denture teeth. By using casts formed from irreversible hydrocolloid impressions, 50 subjects were examined to determine the orthographic distance from the posterior of the incisive papilla to a line intersecting the distal contact points of the maxillary canines. In 92% of subjects the posterior point of the incisive papilla was approximately 3 mm anterior to the line between the distal points of the canines. Neither gender, age, nor maxillary tooth arch form affected this distance.     

Mixed dentition space analysis in a Jordanian population: comparison of two methods

AIMS: To test the reliability of the Moyers charts and the Tanaka and Johnston equations in Jordanians and to derive coefficients of correlation between the combined mesiodistal widths of the four permanent mandibular incisors and the combined widths of the canine and premolars of the maxillary and mandibular quadrants. METHODS: The dental models of the dentition of 130 male and 96 female Jordanian subjects (age range is 14-16 years) with complete permanent dentition were randomly selected. The mesiodistal width of the four permanent mandibular incisors, maxillary and mandibular canines, and premolar teeth were measured using a vernier gauge caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. The actual teeth measurements were then compared with the predicted values derived from the Tanaka and Johnston equations and Moyers probability tables. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed between the predicted and actual tooth size for Jordanian children and standard regression equations were developed. RESULTS: Except for the maxillary arch in male subjects, Tanaka and Johnston regression equations underestimated the mesiodistal widths of permanent canines and premolars. On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences between actual mesiodistal widths of canines and premolars and the predicted widths from Moyers charts at the 65% and 75% level for the lower and upper arches in male subjects and at the 85% level for the upper and lower arches in female subjects. For the newly developed regression equations, the correlation coefficients between the sum of the mandibular four incisors and the sum of the canine and premolars were 0.60 (for lower) and 0.51 (for upper) in male subjects and 0.59 and 0.64, respectively, in female subjects. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Tanaka and Johnston prediction method was not accurate when applied to a Jordanian population. (2) Moyers method for prediction can be used for Jordanian children at different probability levels for male and female subjects.     

牙周健康汉族青年上前牙龈乳头缺陷的影响因素分析

目的    探讨无牙槽嵴吸收的临床牙周健康汉族青年上前牙龈乳头缺陷的相关影响因素。 方法    于2019年6—12月选择26名临床牙周健康的北京大学口腔医院汉族青年职工和学生的121个上前牙龈乳头,通过标准化临床图像及锥形束CT影像资料综合分析,评价相关指标与龈乳头充满或缺陷的关系。统计分析采用t检验及Pearson相关分析等。结果    纳入研究的121个上前牙龈乳头,有106个龈乳头充满（占87.6%）;15个龈乳头存在缺陷（占12.4%）,且均为轻度缺陷。当邻接触点至骨嵴顶的距离（CP-BC）大于6 mm或邻接触点至邻面釉牙骨质界的距离（CP-pCEJ）大于5 mm时,出现龈乳头缺陷情况。上前牙CP-BC与CP-pCEJ存在强正相关性,Pearson相关系数为0.910（P < 0.001）,线性拟合系数为1.01（R2 = 0.829）。对此类牙周健康人群,不同龈乳头位置的上前牙龈乳头充满与轻度缺陷时的骨嵴顶水平根间距及颊舌向骨宽度无明显差异。结论    无牙槽嵴吸收的汉族青年其上前牙龈乳头充满比例高,出现轻度缺陷比例小,且主要与邻接触点在冠根向的位置有关。