高效液相色谱法测定滋心阴口服液中芍药甙的含量

目的 :探讨高效液相色谱法测定滋心阴口服液中芍药甙的含量。方法 :色谱柱为YWG C18(10 μm ,4 6mm× 30 0mm) ,流动相为乙腈 0 1%磷酸溶液 异丙醇 (15∶85∶0 5 ) ;在 2 30nm波长处检测。结果 :在 0 0 4～ 1 0 2 μg范围内具有良好线性关系 (r=0 9998) ,样品平均回收率为 97 3% (n =5 ,RSD为 2 0 % )。结论 :该法结果准确 ,专属性强     

高效液相色谱法测定三七伤药片中芍药苷的含量

目的 :建立高效液相色谱法测定三七伤药片中芍药苷的含量。方法 :选用Hypersil-ODS( 5 μm ,2 5 0mm×4mm)、甲醇 -水 -磷酸 ( 3 0∶70∶0 .2 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 3 0nm ,流速为 1 .0ml/min。结果 :线性范围为 1 .0 6～ 5 .3 0 μg(r=0 .9996) ,平均回收率 1 0 0 .7% ,RSD =1 .2 %。结论 :方法简便易行 ,分离效果好     

高效液相色谱法测定山茱萸中没食子酸的含量

目的建立山茱萸药材中没食子酸的含量测定方法,以控制其质量。方法采用高效液相色谱法,以D iscovery C18(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm)为色谱柱,甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(8∶92)为流动相,检测波长271 nm。结果没食子酸的进样量在0.040~0.400μg范围内与其峰面积值有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均加样回收率为100.78%,RSD为1.64%。结论该方法简便易行,准确可靠,可用于山茱萸药材中没食子酸的质量控制。     

人雌激素和孕激素受体的流式细胞术检测及几种不同抗体的应用

目的　建立人类雌激素受体 (ER)和孕激素受体 (PR)的流式细胞术检测方法 ,并比较几种不同抗体的应用情况。方法将乳腺癌细胞株MCF 7、T 4 7d用不同方法固定处理 ,比较它们与抗体特异性结合的差异 ,挑选最佳细胞固定方法。同时 ,以与MDA MB 2 31(MM2 31)细胞反应阳性率不大于 5 %为标准 ,对不同浓度的ER抗体 1D5和MA1 310、PR抗体 1A6和PgR6 36的反应特异性进行分析比较 ,并用于临床样本的检测。结果　经 0 .2 5 %多聚甲醛 (PFA)预固定、75 %乙醇固定、核分离液处理后的细胞 ,与抗体特异性反应的荧光强度最大 ;在 1～ 4 μg/ 10 0 μl浓度范围内 ,1D5与MM2 31反应阳性率低于 5 % ,与MCF 7反应阳性率大于 95 %。同浓度的MA1 310与MM2 31和MCF 7反应时的阳性细胞率相当 ;1A6 1∶10 0稀释 ,PgR6 36 1∶10～ 1∶2 0 0稀释 ,与MM2 31反应阳性率低于 5 % ,与T 4 7d反应阳性率大于 95 % ;用 1D5 (2 μg)、1A6和PgR6 36 (1∶10 0 )对 12例临床乳腺癌样本ER、PR检测结果分别为 (6 4 .36± 2 7.92 ) %、(5 3.95± 2 8.17) %和 (5 5 .6 3± 2 6 .93) %。结论　细胞经 0 .2 5 %PFA预固定、75 %乙醇固定、核分离液处理后 ,用一定浓度范围的 1D5、1A6和PgR6 36可分别对ER、PR进行流式细胞术定量检测。本研究方法可用于     

正常成人骨髓巨核细胞和其他有核细胞分类计数报告

目的　进一步探讨正常成人骨髓巨核细胞和其他有核细胞分类计数的参考值。方法　骨髓液用EDTA K2液抗凝 ,吸取 5 μl制成约 2× 3 5或 2 5× 3cm( 7cm2 )的厚薄涂片 ,用光镜分类计数全片巨核细胞换算成涂片单位面积 ,其他有核细胞计数 5 0 0只换算成百分比。结果　巨核细胞在一个单位面积 ( 1 5× 3cm ,4 5cm2 )中为 17～ 10 2( 5 1 0 0± 2 6 2 5 )只 ,习惯涂片多数面积 ( 7cm2 )为 2 6～ 16 6 ( 79 12± 4 0 83)只和每 1μl为 5～ 33只。粒系细胞总数为 4 5 8～ 6 0 2 ( 5 4 0 8± 4 5 0 ) % ,有核红细胞为 17 0～ 33 2 ( 2 5 4 6± 4 6 4 ) % ,粒红比值为 1 4～ 3 4∶1( 2 19± 0 5 7∶1)。结论　积累正常人骨髓巨核细胞和其他有核细胞参考值有助于提高细胞形态学的正确分析和诊断     

苯妥英钠血药浓度监测及临床随访199例

目的 :研究苯妥英钠治疗癫痫的疗效与血药浓度的关系。方法 :以紫外分光光度法测定 199例癫痫患者苯妥英钠血药浓度。结果 :有效控制癫痫发作的血药浓度为 ( 13 1± 6 5 ) μg/ml ,其中 10～ 2 0 μg/ml内的占5 4 2 7%。约 60 %癫痫患者得到有效控制 ,6 5 3%发生中毒。结论 :苯妥英钠血药浓度监测具有重要的临床意义     

高效液相色谱法测定香砂养胃丸中的橙皮式甙含量

目的　以反相高效液相色谱法测定香砂养胃丸中橙皮甙的含量。方法　色谱柱为Noca PakC18( 3 9mm× 15 0mm) ;流动相 :5 %甲醇 :乙晴 ( 85 :15 ) ,流速 1ml/min ,检测波长 :2 84nm。结果　橙皮甙在 10～ 5 0 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 9999) ,日内、日间差异小于 8%,平均回收率为 10 1 46 %。结论　该方法简便准确 ,适用于对该制剂的控制。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定血清中的新喋呤和生物喋呤

目的　建立同时测定血清中新喋呤 (NP)及生物喋呤 (BP)的反相高效液相色谱 (RP HPLC)方法。方法　血清标本经三氯乙酸去蛋白 ,低温、高速离心 ,用碱中和后直接进样 ,采用外标定量法 ,以甲醇 :水 =5∶95 (v/v)为流动相 ,经HypersilBDSC18反相色谱分离后用荧光检测 (Ex =36 0nm ,Em =4 4 0nm)。结果　线性范围 :BP为 0 .4 8～ 80 0 μg/L ,NP为 0 .12～ 80 0 μg/L。检测灵敏度 :BP为 0 .1μg/L ,NP为 0 .0 1μg/L。日内精密度 :BP为 3.96 % ,NP为 2 .87%。高、中、低浓度的平均回收率 :NP为 97.9%,BP为 94 .3%。NP和BP在血清中的线性回归方程分别为 :Y(NP) =1.0 2 5 5x - 0 .0 0 77(r2 =0 .9998) ;Y(BP) =0 .70 2 7x 0 .0 394 (r=0 .9995 )。正常人血清中的NP和BP的浓度分别为 :(5 .76± 2 .4 4 ) μg/L和 (1.81± 0 .5 7) μg/L ;急性心肌梗死患者血清中NP和BP的浓度分别为 :(12 .96± 6 .95 ) μg/L和 (3.36± 1.73) μg/L ,二者血清中的NP和BP浓度均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。 结论　该法简便、快速、精确 ,适于血清中生物喋呤及新喋呤的检测。     

固相萃取反相高效液相色谱法测定全血环孢素A

目的　建立固相萃取反相高效液相色谱法测定全血环孢素A的方法。方法　全血中的环孢素A采用Wa tersSep PakC18萃取小柱提取浓缩 ,色谱柱WatersNova PakC18;流动相　乙腈∶甲醇∶水 (32 0∶30∶15 0 ,V/V) ;流速 0 6 5ml/min ;检测波长 2 0 6nm ,环孢素D作内标。结果　方法的回收率为 95 8% ,相对标准差 (RSD)为 7 5 % ,线性范围为5 0～ 2 0 0 0 μg/L ,r=0 9999。 结论　该方法特异、敏感、准确 ,可用于全血环孢素A的测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定血液中定安、舒乐安定和氯硝安定的浓度

用高效液相色谱法同时测定血液中安定、舒乐安定和氯硝安定浓度 ,检测波长 2 5 4nm ,萘为内标 ,流动相甲醇∶水 =7∶3 2。安定、舒乐安定、氯硝安定的平均回收率分别为 99 80 %、 99 49%、 99 2 5 % ;两种不同水平下的日内变异(n =2 0 )分别为 1 2 8%、 1 6 4%、 4 36 %和 1 2 2 %、 1 6 0 %、 4 11% ;日间变异 (n =2 0 )分别为 1 32 %、 1 76 %、 4 5 0 %和 1 2 5 %、1 6 5 %、 4 18% ;安定、舒乐安定在 0 94～ 10 0 5mg/L、氯硝安定在 0 0 94～ 1 0 0 5mg/L范围内线性关系良好。该方法操作简便快速、分离效果好、灵敏度高、回收率和重现性良好。是一种适用于实验室常规开展的、可同时测定上述三种药物的方法。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.