腹腔镜诊治肝脏良性病变

目的 探讨腹腔镜技术诊治肝良性疾病的价值。方法 分析１４例腹腔镜手术治疗的肝脏良性疾病的临床效果。结果 辅助性腹腔镜肝血管瘤切除术２例：１例恢复顺利,１例术后娄,后治愈,腹腔镜肝脓肿置管引流术５例,均痊愈。腹腔镜肝囊右开窗引流术５例,均痊愈,腹腔镜肝破裂电凝止血术１例,痊愈,腹腔镜肝包虫囊肿内囊摘除术１例,痊愈。结论 腹腔镜肝切除术值得探索;腹腔镜肝脓肿置管引流术、肝囊肿开窗引流术、肝破裂电凝止血     

老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术306例分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术在治疗老年人胆囊良性病变的应用。方法 回顾性分析306例老年患胆囊切除术的结果（其中并存心肺疾病94例，其他疾病52例，两种疾病12例）。结果 306例中，慢性胆石性胆囊炎273例，急性胆囊炎6例，胆囊息肉23例，其他4例。治愈297例（97.06%)，发生并发症9例（2.9%)，无手术死亡。结论 老年人尽管并存多种疾病，只要掌握适应症和禁忌症，术前充分准备，术中术后严密监护，都能顺利度过腹腔镜胆囊切除手术。     

复杂性胆囊腹腔镜切除术的体会

目的探讨复杂性胆囊腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的方法。方法回顾分析2007年8月至2013年11月我科收治的81例复杂胆囊病患者的临床资料,其中急性胆囊炎66例,萎缩胆囊炎14例,Mirizzi综合征1例。所有腹腔镜手术在使用吸引器刮吸分离与超声刀切割相结合下完成。手术历时1.5~3 h不等。结果 79例LC手术成功完成,手术中1例肝总管损伤在腔镜下缝合修补,1例术中出血中转开腹手术,1例术前怀疑Mirizzi综合征,手术中确诊中转开腹手术。结论腹腔镜复杂性胆囊切除术安全可行。成功的关健是术前对病例进行认真讨论,术中使用吸引器与超声刀解剖Calot三角,胆囊切除采取顺行与逆行结合,全部切除与部分切除相结合,有效地避免术中大出血和胆管损伤,使腹腔镜下复杂性胆囊切除变得安全可靠。     

消化系统疾病

B型超声对上腹部疾患误诊的探讨/高玉镜…//广州医药.-1986,17(1).-23—28 报道B超误诊10例,B超诊断/术后及病理确诊分别为胰腺囊肿/弥漫性恶性淋巴肉瘤,总胆管结石胆囊后方实性肿块/坏死性胆囊炎腹腔脓肿穿破,肝右叶实性占位变(肝癌)/结肠肝曲癌肿,肠系膜肿瘤/巨型肝癌,肝脓肿/肠间脓肿,肝右叶占位变/肝炎假性瘤,肝内未见病变/肝内典型巨型肝癌,腹膜后胰腺囊肿/精原细胞瘤腹膜后转     

经腹腔镜治疗先天性肝囊肿的探索

经腹腔镜治疗先天性肝囊肿的探索许红兵萧荫祺李虎城杜国盛涂向群１９９３年４月以来我们在开展经腹腔镜胆囊切除术的基础上，成功开展了２５例经腹腔镜先天性肝囊肿切除与开窗术（简称腹腔镜肝囊肿切除开窗术），结果满意，现报告如下。一、资料与方法１．临床资料：本组...     

腹腔镜肝切除12例报告

1987年Mouret成功施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术以来,随着 技术的逐渐成熟和经验的不断积累,腹腔镜外科的适应范围 在进一步扩大。由于肝脏是人体的储血器官,有肝动脉、门 静脉双重供血,加之手术器械的局限性,腹腔镜下肝切除被 看作是难度极大的手术。众多学者做了不少探索,但目 前腹腔镜肝切除的适应证还比较局限。我院自开展微创手 术以来应用超声刀、多功能手术解剖器等工具行腹腔镜下部 分肝切除12例,总结报告如下。 一、资料与方法 1.一般资料:我们对腹腔镜治疗肝脏疾病的临床资料进     

经脐单孔腹腔镜技术在肝胆外科疾病治疗中的应用

目的 探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜技术在肝胆外科疾病治疗中的安全性和可行性.方法 分析总结我院2010年5月至2011年5月应用单孔腹腔镜技术选择性对71例患有肝胆疾病患者的手术资料,其中胆囊结石39例,胆囊息肉15例,肝囊肿14例,肝癌1例.结果 69例患者均成功实施了单孔手术,2例胆囊结石患者,由于局部粘连较重,改常规腹腔镜手术.行胆囊切除54例,手术时间45～ 95 min;肝囊肿14例,行囊肿开窗术手术时间25～45 min;左肝外叶边缘肝癌1例,行肝楔形切除术,手术时间145 min.术后无黄疸、胆汁漏、出血和切口感染等并发症.脐部切口瘢痕小而隐蔽,无明显可视瘢痕.结论在现有条件下单孔腹腔镜手术操作难度较大,术前和术中慎重把握手术适应证,及时改变手术方法,对多数患者经脐单孔腹腔镜手术是安全的,具有极好的美容效果.     

腔镜超声引导下腹腔镜肝段切除术的临床应用

目的:探讨腔镜超声引导下腹腔镜肝解剖性肝段切除术的可行性、安全性与临床价值.方法:收集2005-01/2006-12我院行腹腔镜肝切除术患者20例,其中原发性肝癌13例、肝内胆管细胞癌1例、肝血管瘤3例、肝脏腺瘤1例,肝脓肿2例.所有病例均在全气腹条件下完成腔镜超声引导下腹腔镜肝解剖性肝段切除手术.结果:20例病例的手术时间平均188 min,出血量平均300 mL.术中未出现不能控制的并发症,术后平均住院8.6 d.结论:腔镜超声引导下以肝段为本的解剖性栽肝切除术更加符合肿瘤根治原则,值得在肝脏外科推广应用.     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术120例报告

1996～ 1 999年 ,我们对 1 2 0例患者行腹腔镜阑尾切除术 (LA) ,取得较好效果 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　一般资料　本组男 58例 ,女 62例 ;年龄 1 3～54岁。临床诊断为慢性阑尾炎 35例 ,急性阑尾炎71例 ,坏疽穿孔型阑尾炎 1 1例 ,阑尾周围脓肿 3例。LA术中同时行卵巢囊肿摘除术 3例 ,右侧附件切除 1例 ,胆囊切除 2例 ,粘连松解 3例。术中发现附件盆腔结核 1例 ,多囊卵巢 1例 ,慢性胆囊炎 (胆囊周围粘连 ) 2例 ,十二指肠球溃疡瘢痕 1例 ,肝硬变 (纤维化 ) 2例 ,肝脏浊肿增大 (轻度 )边缘变钝 3例。手术采用腹腔镜辅助两孔法 2 1例 …     

内镜治疗医源性胆道损伤27例临床总结

医源性胆道损伤是肝胆疾病中少见但后果严重的一种手术并发症。近年来随着腹腔镜在胆道手术中的应用,医源性胆道损伤的发生有所增加。本文分析总结2000～2005年收治的由外院转入我院,应用内镜微创治疗的医源性胆道损伤病人27例,报告如下。1临床资料本组共27例,男性10例,女性17例,年龄33～72岁,平均53岁。均因术后出现胆瘘、发热和黄疸而诊断医源性胆道损伤,诊断时间为术后3d至5个月。其中行电视腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)者15例,剖腹胆囊切除术7例,剖腹胆囊切除加胆道探查术3例,重症胰腺炎行胰腺被膜减张引流术1例,肝门部胆管占位切除胆管对端吻…     

Intraoperative ultrasound as an educational guide for laparoscopic biliary surgery

AIM： To analyze the efficacy of routine intraoperative ultrasound （IOUS） as a guide for understanding biliary tract anatomy, to avoid bile duct injury （BDI） after laparoscopic cholecystectomy （LC）, as well as any burden during the learning period. METHODS： A retrospective analysis was performed using 644 consecutive patients who underwent LC from 1991 to 2006. An educational program with the use of IOUS as an operative guide has been used in 276 cases since 1998. RESULTS： IOUS was highly feasible even in patients with high-grade cholecystitis. No BDI was observed after the introduction of the educational program, despite 72% of operations being performed by inexperienced surgeons. Incidences of other morbidity, mortality, and late complications were comparable before and after the introduction of routine IOUS. However, the operation time was significantly extended after the educational program began （P 〈 0.001）, and the grade of laparoscopic cholecystitis （P = 0.002）, use of IOUS （P = 0.01）, and the experience of the surgeons （P = 0.05） were significant factors for extending the length of operation. CONCLUSION： IOUS during LC was found to be a highly feasible modality, which provided accurate, real- time information about the biliary structures. Theeducational program using IOUS is expected to minimize the incidence of BDI following LC, especially when performed by less-skilled surgeons.     

Prospective, blinded comparison of laparoscopic ultrasonographyvs. contrast-enhanced computerized tomography for liver assessment in patients undergoing colorectal carcinoma surgery

PURPOSE: To prospectively and blindly compare intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography to preoperative contrast-enhanced computerized tomography in detecting liver lesions in colorectal cancer patients. Additionally, we compared conventional (open) intraoperative ultrasonography with bimanual liver palpation to contrast-enhanced computerized tomography in a subset of patients. METHODS: From December 1995 to March 1998, 77 consecutive patients underwent curative (n=63) or palliative (n=14) resections for colorectal cancer. All patients undergoing curative resections were randomized to either laparoscopic (n=34) or conventional (n=29) surgery after informed consent. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced computerized tomography, diagnostic laparoscopy, and laparoscopic ultrasonography before resection. In those patients who had conventional procedures, intraoperative ultrasonography with bimanual liver palpation was also done. All laparoscopic ultrasonography and intraoperative ultrasonography evaluations were performed by one of two radiologists who were blinded to the CT results. All hepatic segments were scanned using a standardized method. The yield of each modality was calculated using the number of lesions identified by each imaging modality divided by the total number of lesions identified. RESULTS: In 43 of the 77 patients, both the laparoscopic ultrasonography and CT scan were negative for any liver lesions. In 34 patients, a total of 130 lesions were detected by laparoscopic ultrasonography, CT, or both. When compared with laparoscopic ultrasonography, intraoperative ultrasonography with bimanual liver palpation identified one additional metastatic lesion and no additional benign lesions. laparoscopic ultrasonography identified two patients with mets who had negative preoperative contrast-enhanced computerized tomography. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic ultrasonography of the liver at the time of primary resection of colorectal cancer yields more lesions than preoperative contrast-enhanced computerized tomography and should be considered for routine use during laparoscopic oncologic colorectal surgery.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, San Antonio, Texas, May 2 to 7, 1998.     

胰岛素瘤62例诊治体会

目的：总结胰岛素瘤的诊治经验，评估胰岛素瘤的多种定位诊断技术。方法：回顾性分析两院1970年-2001年来收治的62例胰岛素瘤的临床资料。结果：CT、MRI、术前B超、SAOG及IOUS诊断胰岛素瘤的敏感性分别为46.4%、70.0%、75.6%、75.9和100%；手术治疗60例，其中实施肿瘤剜除术41例，胰体尾切除术14例，胰十二指肠切除术3例，楔形切除术1例，姑息手术1例，总手术切除率98.3%；全组无手术死亡，肿瘤切除术后病人随访无低血糖发作；术后并发症包括胰瘘5例、胰腺假性囊肿2例。结论：术前B超和SAOG、术中详尽扪诊联合IOUS可基本上取得胰岛素瘤较为满意的定位诊断；根据胰岛素瘤的大小、部位、数目及性质采取适宜的手术方式是获得良好疗效的关键。     

Contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasound improves detection of liver metastases during surgery for primary colorectal cancer

Background:

Computed tomography (CT) is the most common staging investigation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Up to 25% of patients are found to have previously undetected hepatic lesions when intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) of the liver is used during CRC resection. We aimed to assess the ability of IOUS to detect additional liver lesions/metastases at primary colorectal resection, and to evaluate whether contrast-enhanced IOUS (CE-IOUS) improves the detection and characterization of hepatic lesions.

Methods:

We performed a single-centre, prospective pilot study. At CRC resection, patients underwent IOUS of the liver. Contrast-enhanced IOUS of the liver was undertaken using i.v. sulphur hexafluoride micro-bubbles (SonoVue®, 4.8 ml). Findings of CT, non-enhanced IOUS and CE-IOUS were compared. Changes in staging or management were noted. Additional lesions were corroborated with iron oxide magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results:

Among 21 patients, IOUS demonstrated additional lesions in seven (33%). Contrast altered the diagnosis of non-enhanced IOUS in four (20%) and changed the management strategy in three (14%) patients. Thus, IOUS in combination with the contrast agent altered the intraoperative or postoperative management plan in four patients.

Conclusions:

In the first study of its kind, early results suggest that the ability of IOUS to detect additional metastases is improved by CE-IOUS, and that this may impact on surgical staging and management.     

Is intraoperative ultrasound still useful for the detection of colorectal cancer liver metastases?

Background

Debate on the optimal mode of preoperative imaging in the management of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is ongoing and, despite its longstanding use, the precise role of intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) is not well established. This study evaluates the impact of IOUS in the era of high-quality, cross-sectional imaging techniques.

Methods

All patients who underwent liver resection for CRLM in a tertiary care referral centre from January 2006 to December 2013 were included. All patients were submitted to computed tomography (CT) and/or liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before surgery. Intraoperative US was performed mainly to detect previously non-diagnosed tumours that would change the surgical strategy.

Results

A total of 225 liver resections were performed. Liver MRI and CT scans were available for 202 patients (89.8%) and 225 patients (100%), respectively. Radiological reports recorded 632 liver tumours in 219 patients (i.e. 2.9 lesions per patient). The median time between preoperative liver MRI and surgical resection was 36 days. Intraoperative inspection, palpation and US found 20 additional lesions in 18 patients (8.0%), in three of whom lesions were diagnosed only on IOUS (1.4%). Overall, only 12 of the 20 lesions were malignant.

Conclusions

Although CT and liver MRI are commonly used, IOUS alone allows the discovery of a few additional lesions that result in a change of surgical strategy in 1.4% of cases.     

Imaging strategies in hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma

Approximately two-thirds of metastatic lesions that develop following curative resection of colorectal cancer occur in the liver and lung. In select groups of patients, resection of these lesions is associated with increased 5-year survival. In the liver, precise preoperative documentation of the presence, location, number, and relationship of these lesions to vascular structure is crucial in the selection of candidates for curative resection. Computed tomography with arterial portography (CTAP), intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS), positron emission tomographic (PET) scan, and radionuclide scanning, including radiolabeled monoclonal antibody imaging, are emerging as the procedures of choice in the preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver.     

Intraoperative fluorescent imaging using indocyanine green for liver mapping and cholangiography

Background

Preoperative imaging is widely used and extremely helpful in hepatobiliary surgery. However, transfer of preoperative data to a intraoperative situation is very difficult. Surgeons need intraoperative anatomical information using imaging data for safe and precise operation in the field of hepatobiliary surgery. We have developed a new system for mapping liver segments and cholangiograms using intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence under infrared light observation.

Method

The imaging technique for mapping liver segments and cholangiogram based on ICG fluorescence used an infrared-based navigation system. Eighty one patients with liver tumors underwent hepatectomy from 2006, January to 2009, March. In liver surgery, 1 ml of ICG was injected via the portal vein under observation by the fluorescent imaging system. Fourteen patients were underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic cholecystitis with gallstones. In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 5 ml of ICG was administered intravenously just before operation and the bile duct was observed using the infrared-based navigation system.

Result

This new technique successfully identified stained subsegments and segments of the liver in 73 of 81 patients (90.1%). Moreover, clear mapping of liver segments was obtained even against a background of liver cirrhosis. Fluorescent cholangiography clearly showed the common bile duct and cystic duct in 10 of 14 patients (71.4%). No adverse reactions to the ICG were encountered.

Conclusion

Application of this technique allows intraoperative identification of anatomical landmark in hepatobiliary surgery.     

Minireviewon laparoscopichepatobiliary and pancreaticsurgery简

The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in the mid-1980s. Since then, laparoscopic surgery has continued to gain prominence in numerous fields, and has, in some fields, replaced open surgery as the preferred operative technique. The role of laparoscopy in staging cancer is controversial, with regards to gallbladder carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma, laparoscopy in conjunction with intraoperative ultrasound has prevented nontherapeutic operations, and facilitated therapeutic operations. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred option in the management of gallbladder disease. Meta-analyses comparing laparoscopic to open distal pancreatectomy show that laparoscopic pancreatectomy is safe and efficacious in the management of benign and malignant disease, and have better patient outcomes. A pancreaticoduodenectomy is a more complex operation and the laparoscopic technique is not feasible for this operation at this time. Robotic assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy has been tried with limited success at this time, but with continuing advancement in this field, this operation would eventually be feasible. Liver resection remains to be the best management for hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal liver metastases. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that laparoscopic liver resections result in patients with equal or less blood loss and shorter hospital stays, as compared to open surgery. With improving equipment and technique, and the incorporation of robotic surgery, minimally invasive liver resection operative times will improve and be more efficacious. With the incorporation of robotic surgery into hepatobiliary surgery, donor hepatectomies have also been completed with success. The management of benign and malignant disease with minimally invasive hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery is safe and efficacious.     

Intraoperative laparoscopic liver ultrasonography for staging of colorectal cancer

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography (ILUS) to completely scan all anatomic segments of the liver through a single port site during laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer. METHODS: ILUS was performed in patients who were undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery using the following approach: 1) presence of a radiologist in the operating room; 2) introduction of the probe through a single cannula site; 3) standardized sequence of four probe positions on liver surface; 4) identification of all major vascular/biliary hepatic structures as a guideline to scan all parenchymal segments of the liver. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients who were undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery were prospectively enrolled. Computed tomography (CT) scan films were available for an immediate comparative analysis in the first 12 cases. Mean duration of the procedure was 10 (range, 5–15) minutes. All major vascular and biliary structures were identified in all patients. Sixteen focal abnormalities were identified by ILUS, and ten focal abnormalities were identified by CT scan in the same seven patients. In one patient, detection of a suspected metastasis not seen by preoperative CT scan led to conversion of the surgical procedure to a laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS: ILUS is a safe and expeditious technique that permits scanning of all anatomic liver parenchyma segments through a single cannula site. Because intraoperative palpation of the liver is not possible during laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, ILUS should probably be a standard component of the curative laparoscopic colorectal cancer operation.