School nurse assessment of primary school children: Analysis of data from the school entrant health questionnaire

Edgecombe GA, Avant KC, Griffin P, Corneille K. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1998; 4: 40–50
School nurse assessment of primary school children: Analysis of data from the school entrant health questionnaire
The School Entrant Health Questionnaire (SEHQ) has been used by the School Nursing Program in Victoria since April, 1997. The SEHQ assists school nurses in developing a health profile of primary grade children and in discriminating between children with problems and children without problems. The SEHQ assesses children in 11 domains: general health, medications, immunisations, dental health, speech/language, hearing, vision, disabilities, general development, behaviour and emotional well-being, and family stress. The SEHQ was found to be reliable and valid, and to provide an excellent means of distinguishing between students who had problems and needed intervention and those who did not. This paper presents an analysis of data from the first testing of the SEHQ.     

心肺复苏时联合使用血管加压素、肾上腺素、盐酸纳洛酮的临床观察

目的　研究心肺复苏时联合使用血管加压素、肾上腺素、盐酸纳洛酮的疗效。方法　 5 6例呼吸心跳骤停的患者随机分为两组。肾上腺素标准剂量组 (对照组 ) 2 6例 ,联合使用血管加压素、肾上腺素、盐酸纳洛酮 (治疗组 ) 30例 ,各组分别观察自主循环、呼吸恢复率 ;2 4小时存活率及出院存活率 ;自主循环、呼吸恢复时间。结果　对照组、治疗组自主循环恢复率分别为 2 3.1%、6 6 .7% ;自主呼吸恢复率分别为 11.5 %、5 0 % ;自主循环恢复时间分别为 (18.5±2 .5 )min、(7.5± 2 .2 )min ;自主呼吸恢复时间分别为 (12 0± 11.2 )min、(5 0± 8.5 )min ;2 4小时存活率分别为 11.5 %、4 3.3% ;出院存活率分别为 7.7%、33.3%。治疗组的自主循环、呼吸恢复率、2 4小时存活率、出院存活率明显高于对照组 ,治疗组的自主循环、呼吸恢复时间明显短于对照组。结论　心肺复苏期间 ,联合应用血管加压素、肾上腺素、盐酸纳洛酮比单独使用标准剂量的肾上腺素能显著提高自主循环、呼吸恢复率、2 4小时存活率、出院存活率、缩短自主循环、呼吸恢复时间     

School nurses and sex education: surveillance and disciplinary practices in primary schools

Title. School nurses and sex education: surveillance and disciplinary practices in primary schools Aim. This paper is a report of a study to explore how school nurses perceive the influence of schools on their role in delivering sex and relationship education in primary schools. Background. School nurses play a key role in sex education in English schools. However, sex education is a contentious issue meaning the sex education of children is often an area of tension within the curriculum. However, the impact of these tensions upon school nursing practice is poorly described. Method. Three focus groups with a convenience sample of 16 nurses experienced in conducting sex and relationship education were conducted during 2006. Focus groups were audio‐taped, transcribed verbatim and subjected to a thematic analysis. Findings. Four themes were identified in the data: ‘covert surveillance’ refers to school staff conducting clandestine surveillance of the classroom actions of the nurse; ‘overt surveillance’ reflects how nurses felt they were being openly monitored by teachers in the classroom; ‘Teacher attitude’ refers to the interventions of the supervising teacher in the classroom during the sex education session and ‘resistance practices’ detailed how nurses attempted to manage the disciplinary practices of the school. Conclusion. School nurses need to be pragmatic about the fact that there will be some attempts by the school to regulate sex education. Developing an early dialogue with the school can mediate this. Closer working practices and the involvement of school nurses in the development of sex education policy and practice is vital to ensure that they continue to make a valuable contribution to sex education in schools.     

Benefits and challenges of nurse prescribing

BACKGROUND: Since 1999, all health visitors and district nurses in the United Kingdom (UK) have received additional education to permit their registration as independent prescribers from a limited list of medicinal products. Little research has investigated how more than 20 000 health visitor and district nurse prescribers have implemented their new role since the evaluation of the pilot sites. AIMS: The aims of the study were to describe prescribing practices of health visitors and district nurses, the factors (contextual and professional) which enable and facilitate nurse prescribing, and views about the Nurse Prescribers' Formulary. METHOD: A mail survey was conducted of all health visitors and district nurses working in three trusts in southern England. A 74% response rate was achieved (n = 91). FINDINGS: Most respondents prescribed less than three times a week, with district nurses prescribing significantly more than health visitors (P 相似文献   

纳洛酮在心肺脑复苏患者中的辅助治疗作用

目的探讨纳洛酮在心肺脑复苏(CPCR)患者中的辅助治疗作用。方法将126例心脏骤停患者随机分为治疗组及对照组,每组63例。对照组给予CPCR常规治疗措施,治疗组在对照组基础上加用纳洛酮注射液静脉推注。比较治疗24h后2组患者急性生理和慢性健康状态评分(APACHEⅡ评分)、格拉斯哥昏迷指数评分(GCS评分)变化;比较2组自主循环恢复率、恢复时间,自主呼吸恢复率、恢复时间,复苏成功率及48 h存活率。结果 2组患者治疗24 h后APACHEⅡ及GCS评分平均值较治疗前显著改善,且治疗组改善幅度大于对照组;治疗组患者自主循环及自主呼吸恢复率、复苏成功率及48 h存活率均显著高于对照组,而恢复时间显著短于对照组。结论在常规CPCR基础上,联合应用纳洛酮可显著提高心脏骤停患者的自主循环及自主呼吸恢复率,缩短自主循环及自主呼吸恢复时间,从而提高复苏成功率,降低病死率,可作为心脏骤停的药物辅助治疗药物。     

Effect of naloxone on the antral motor response to solid food in man

Antroduodenal motor activity was recorded in eight healthy subjects using perfused tubes connected to external strain gauge transducers. Each subject was studied over a 2.5-h period following ingestion of a solid meal, on 2 separate days. Intravenous saline was administered on one day and saline plus naloxone (40 micrograms kg-1 h-1) on the other, in randomized order. Naloxone markedly inhibited the antral motor response to food and this effect was due to decreased amplitude and contractile frequency. The duodenal motor response to solid food and the postprandial rise in serum gastrin and plasma pancreatic polypeptide were not altered by naloxone. These observations suggest that peripheral or central opiate receptors play a role in regulating the antral motor response to food.     

The role of the nurse prescriber: the views of mental health and non-mental health nurses

Even though the introduction of the role of the nurse prescriber promises improved access to medicines and increased flexibility in the workforce, the take-up of this role to date has been variable across the UK. This questionnaire-based study sought to compare the expectations of two distinct groups of nurses, one from a mental health and the other from a non-mental health background prior to becoming prescribers. Non-mental health nurses were of the opinion that being able to prescribe would increase efficiency and maximize resources, while mental health nurses saw prescribing primarily in terms of the benefits to clients--increased choice, improved access to care, better information about treatments and better quality of care.     

Access to a school health nurse and adolescent health needs in the universal school health service in Finland

Universal school health services are expected to offer similar, needs‐based services to all students across schools, service providers and students’ socio‐economic statuses and health needs. This study investigates access to school health nurses in Finland. The objectives were to study the differences in access to school health nurse between service providers, schools, students’ characteristics and school health nurse resources. Access was examined through a nationwide School Health Promotion study, which is a self‐reporting, voluntary and anonymous survey for 8th and 9th graders (15 to 16‐year old, N = 71865). The ethical committee of the National Institute for Health and Welfare has approved procedure for the School Health Promotion study. Data on school health nurse resources and service providers were obtained from the national database (534 schools; 144 service providers). Multilevel logistic regression was used. Of the pupils, 15% of girls and 11% of boys reported difficult access to a school health nurse. The number of adolescents who reported difficult access ranged between service providers (0%–41%) and schools (0%–75%). Students with lower socio‐economic background, poorer well‐being at school, lack of support for studying and greater health needs reported difficult access more often. School health nurse resources were associated with difficult access only among boys, when resources were under the national recommendations. These findings raise concern about equality and unmet health needs in school health services.     

School Health

School Health provides a forum to discuss policy, practice, research, issues and trends, and pearls of wisdom to enhance the day-to-day care of children in the school setting, from daycare to high school.     

A national survey of practice nurse involvement in mental health interventions

BACKGROUND: The move in the United Kingdom (UK) from institutional to community care has led to an inevitable increase in the involvement of practice nurses (PNs) in mental health care. Around 20 000 PNs are currently working in the United Kingdom (UK). However, the extent and nature of PN involvement in delivering mental health interventions has not been adequately explored. AIM: This study aimed to quantify practice nurses' involvement in delivering mental health interventions in primary care settings. METHOD: A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 1500 practice nurses registered with the Practice Nurse Forum at the Royal College of Nursing. Sixty per cent of questionnaires were returned; however, once non-eligible respondents were removed an adjusted response rate of 54% was achieved. RESULTS: Practice nurses play a significant role in the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, most frequently via the administration of depot antipsychotics and the screening for depression. However, antipsychotic side-effects were infrequently monitored and PNs' understanding of treatment issues in depression is poor. These findings may be associated with the reported lack of mental health training that PNs have received. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study have important implications for the training of practice nurses in mental health, specifically in the areas of medication management and the detection of mental disorders.     

纳洛酮治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效观察

目的 :观察纳洛酮治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法 :将 88例急性脑梗死患者按随机数字表法分为纳洛酮组 (治疗组 )与胞二磷胆碱组 (对照组 )治疗 14d,观察其临床疗效以及神经功能缺损评分的变化。结果 :治疗组总显效率为 6 7.9% ,总有效率为 85 .7% ,与对照组比较均有显著性差异 (分别为 31.3%和 6 8.8% ,P<0 .0 1和 P<0 .0 5 ) ;治疗后神经功能缺损评分显著减低 ,显著优于对照组 ( P<0 .0 1)。结论 :纳洛酮治疗急性脑梗死疗效好 ,安全性高 ,可促进神经功能恢复。     

School Nursing: Not Just Band-Aids Any More!

ISSUES AND PURPOSE: School nursing has changed dramatically over the past 25 years. The complex social and physical needs of children require an expanded role with advanced knowledge and skills. The school nurse functions as health promoter, health educator, collaborator, and researcher. Issues related to advanced practice and policy development also affect school nursing practice. CONCLUSIONS/PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The current emphasis on educational accountability and improvement of standardized test scores has mandated close examination of resource allocation. There is a need to appreciate an expanded role for the school nurse, as the provision of healthcare services in the school will afford children an increased capacity to learn, thus improving school performance.