Can the COPD web be used to promote self-management in patients with COPD in swedish primary care: a controlled pragmatic pilot trial with 3 month- and 12 month follow-up

Objective: Evaluate the feasibility of the COPD Web and its study design and study procedures and to increase the understanding of the potential effect of the tool in order to provide guidance for a future large scale trial.

Design: Parallel-group controlled pragmatic pilot trial.

Subjects: There was a total of 83 patients with COPD (mean age 70?±?8 years with a forced expiratory volume in first second percent predicted of 60?±?17%). The intervention group (n?=?43) was introduced to and had access to the COPD Web in addition to usual care, while the control group (n?=?40) received usual care alone.

Main outcome measures: The feasibility of the COPD Web (i.e., if and how the COPD Web was used) was automatically collected through the website, while outcomes on health, conceptual knowledge, and physical activity (PA) were collected through questionnaires at baseline, 3 months and 12 months.

Results: At 3 months, 77% of the intervention group was considered users, and the majority of time spent on the site was related to PA and exercises and was spent during the first month (>80%). In addition, the intervention group reported increased PA (odds ratio [OR]?=?4.4, P?<?.001), increased conceptual knowledge in five domains (OR = 2.6–4.2, all P?<?.05), and altered disease management strategies (e.g., increased PA) (OR ≥ 2.7 P?<?.05) in comparison to the control group. The latter was also different between groups at 12 months (OR = 3.7, P?=?.044). Knowledge of PA was correlated with level of PA (ρ?=?.425–.512, P?<?.05) as well as to the use of PA as a strategy to manage their disease (χ²?=?11.2–32.9, P?<?.05).

Conclusion: Giving patients with COPD access to the COPD Web in addition to their ordinary primary care might be an effective shorter term (3 month) strategy to promote self-management. However, these results needs to be confirmed in a definitive large-scale trial.

• Key points

• Even though self-management strategies are an important part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management, access to support for such strategies are limited for a large part of the COPD-population.

• Promoting self-management through the COPD Web might increase short-term levels of physical activity, promote conceptual knowledge and alter disease management strategies.

• The primary care COPD population in this study experienced limited impact of the disease in daily life, limited exertional dyspnea, and high generic quality-of-life, but vastly reduced levels of physical activity.

• A future large scale study should include strategies to encourage greater exposures to the COPD Web, including an extended analysis of factors associated with using or not using the tool over time and its impact on outcome measures, objective measures of conceptual knowledge, and physical activity, and it should include a large enough sample size to enable sub-group analyses and strategies to enhance recruitment.

     

医院焦虑抑郁量表对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者焦虑抑郁情绪筛查价值的研究

目的：探讨医院焦虑抑郁量表在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）患者焦虑、抑郁情绪筛查中的应用价值,并评估其信度和效度。方法：应用横断面研究方法,选择COPD住院患者200例,对其进行问卷调查。结果：获得有效问卷189份。医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）中焦虑、抑郁亚量表得分分别与焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表得分呈正相关（P<0.01）;以焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表作为诊断“金标准”分别绘制焦虑亚量表和抑郁亚量表的ROC曲线,其曲线下面积分别为0.823（95%CI：0.752~0.881）和0.906（95%CI：0.847~0.948）;医院焦虑抑郁量表总表、焦虑亚量表及抑郁亚量表的内部一致性系数的Cronbach's α分别为0.89, 0.76, 0.83;HADS得分水平与生活质量指数量表呈负相关,证明了其构念效度（P<0.05）。结论：医院焦虑抑郁量表可以可靠、有效地筛查COPD患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪,可以提高临床医务人员对患者不良情绪的筛查效能。     

步行锻炼对COPD患者肺功能和生存质量的影响

目的 :探讨步行锻炼对慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (chronicobstructiveplumonarydisease,COPD)患者肺功能和生存质量的影响。方法 :28例轻、中度COPD患者每天进行30min以上的匀速步行锻炼 ,持续2个月 ,锻炼前后分别测试肺功能指标 (FVC、FEV1、%FVC、?V1、FEV1/FVC % )和评估生存质量。结果 :COPD患者锻炼后肺功能指标无明显差异 (P均>0.05) ,但生存质量评分明显优于锻炼前 (P均>0.05)。结论 :生存质量指标评估肺康复更敏感。     

有创通气下COPD合并高血压老年患者血压晨峰的观察及影响因素分析

目的：分析有创通气下COPD（Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,COPD）合并原发性高血压老年患者24 h动态血压情况,探讨血压晨峰的特点及晨峰高血压现象的影响因素。方法：选取天津市某三甲医院呼吸与危重症监护病房住院的有创通气治疗（均为SIMV通气模式,PEEP≤5 cmH2O）的COPD合并原发性高血压老年患者,采用心电监护仪（EKG）进行24 h动态血压监测并记录血压数据,采用APACHEⅡ评估患者入呼吸与危重症监护病房时的病情情况。结果：共纳入79例患者, 24 h收缩压（24 h SBP）均值为（151.20±5.69）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）,24 h DBP（24 h舒张压）均值为（76.39±6.42）mmHg,约72.2% 的患者具有晨峰高血压现象,血压晨峰均值为（38.82±8.78） mmHg;单因素分析显示,不同年龄、APACHEⅡ得分不同的患者间血压晨峰存在差异,是否具有晨峰高血压现象的患者间24 h SBP均值、d SBP均值存在统计学差异;Logistic回归分析显示 APACHEⅡ评分、24 h SBP均值、d SBP均值是晨峰高血压现象的影响因素,三者可解释血压变异的82.3% 。结论：有创通气下的COPD合并原发性高血压老年患者中晨峰高血压现象的比例较高;临床护理时应加强对具有晨峰高血压现象患者的鉴别,为降低晨峰高血压对靶器官损害的护理措施的实施提供依据。     

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Lower Extremity Motor Control: The Impact of Walking-Induced Strain on a Performance-Based Outcome Measure

Objective

The primary objective of this study was to quantify the lower extremity movements and capabilities of a population with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) compared with healthy age-matched controls under conditions of strain and no strain. The secondary objective was to identify challenging movement conditions for a population with LSS, on a lower limb aiming task with different levels of difficulty, compared with healthy age-matched controls under conditions of strain and no strain.

Methods

Using a nonrandomized, controlled, before-and-after design, LSS patients (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 16) performed 2 blocks of great toe–pointing movements to a series of projected squares. Following block 1, participants completed a 12-minute progressive exercise treadmill test. Pointing movements were analyzed using 3D motion analysis. Behavioral and kinematic measures evaluated performance.

Results

Both groups' reaction times (RTs) lengthened as task difficulty increased. An interaction revealed that LSS patients were more adversely impacted by task difficulty, F (3,372) = 4.207; P = .006. The progressive exercise treadmill test facilitated RT for both groups, F (1,124) = 5.105; P = .026. Control participants showed less variability in time-to-peak velocity poststrain, a benefit not shared by LSS patients, t (31) = 2.149; P = .040.

Conclusion

A lower extremity movement task captured differences under strain between healthy and LSS populations. The lower extremity Fitts' Law task accurately measured differences between healthy and LSS participants. For the subjects in this study, strain was sufficient to prevent LSS patients from demonstrating improvement in the variability of the ballistic phase of movement execution, whereas LSS patients' movement performance remained unchanged. This study also showed that regardless of strain, as task difficulty increased, LSS patients were more adversely impacted in the planning and execution of their lower limb movements than healthy control participants. The lower extremity motor control task (Fitts' task) can be used as a performance-based outcome measure to measure differences between healthy and LSS populations.     

Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on aggression of patients with psychosis due to methamphetamine use: A pilot study

Background and purpose: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on aggression and general health of patients with a diagnosis of psychosis due to methamphetamine use.

Materials and Methods: This pilot study is an experimental controlled study with repeat measurements. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to study and control groups. The study group, received six weekly sessions of ACT, in addition to the usual treatment, while the control group received only the usual treatment. Both groups were tested using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) at three cross sections of time.

Results: General health was improved significantly in study group comparing with control group (P < 0.0001). There were significant differences between the three time points of therapy (p = 0.0001; F(2,56) = 41/456). Additionally, there were significant differences between the means of the three time points of therapy in aggressiveness variable (p = 0.0001; F(2,56) = 190/845).

Findings: ACT improved general health and decreased aggressiveness in the study group compared to the control group and may be a good therapy for methamphetamine dependents who suffer from psychosis.     

The influence of thoracolumbosacral orthoses on standing balance in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a pilot study

Background and aim: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of thoracolumbosacral orthoses (TLSOs) on antero-posterior (AP) sway, medio-lateral (ML) sway and displacement of the center of pressure (COP) during a longitudinal study in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods: Eight females aged between 12 and 14.5 years participated in this study. Evaluations were performed prior to the TLSO intervention as a baseline condition, after 1 month, and after 4 months of orthosis use by assessing balance when standing statically on different surfaces. Results: When standing on both lower limbs on a solid surface there were significant differences in ML sway with the eyes both open and closed, and also in A/P sway but only when standing on a solid surface with the eyes open and also when standing on a foam surface with the eyes closed with TLSO use. When standing on the dominant leg, ML sway significantly improved, but AP sway only improved with a foam base surface with the eyes open. Conclusion: This study demonstrated positive effects of wearing a TLSO in improving quiet standing balance and standing on the dominant lower extremity in subjects with AIS after 4 months of brace use.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Due to a change in body shape such as that caused by scoliosis, human posture changes and spinal deformities affect the position of the center of support, and thus balance ability may change.

• AIS subjects have poor standing stability compared to a healthy matched control group.

• Brace wearing had positive effect in improving quiet standing balance and standing on the dominant lower extremity in subjects with AIS undergoing brace treatment after 4 months of TLSO use.

     

感染性休克集束治疗对病死率影响的前瞻性临床研究

目的 探讨集束治疗对感染性休克患者病死率的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,将2007年1月-2008年6月重症加强治疗病房(ICU)收治的成人感染性休克患者分为培训前(2007年1-9月)和培训后(2007年10月-2008年6月)两个阶段进行感染性休克集束治疗.分析6 h及24 h感染性休克集柬治疗各指标与预后的关系;采用多元回归分析方法,筛选出集束治疗对感染性休克预后影响的独立相关因素,并研究两个阶段感染性休克集束治疗的依从性、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间以及28 d病死率.结果 研究期间共收治符合条件的感染性休克患者100例,其中培训前51例,培训后49例;存活36例,死亡64例.多元回归分析显示,6 h早期目标导向治疗(EGDT)、24 h EGDT是与感染性休克28 d病死率相关的两个独立保护因素,优势比(OR)分别为0.046和0.120(P均<0.01).培训后集束治疗依从性均有明显提高,其中6 h EGDT和24 h EGDT分别从19.6%、35.3%提升至55.1%、65.3%(P均<0.01).培训后机械通气时间[(166.6±156.4)h比(113.6±73.6)h3、ICU住院时间[(9.4±7.6)d比(6.0±3.9)d]及28 d病死率(72.5%比55.1%)较培训前明显缩短(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 继续教育培训可提高医务人员对感染性休克集束治疗的依从性,降低感染性休克患者的病死率.     

X线骨骼摄片与核素骨显像在多发性骨髓瘤骨破坏的比较

目的 评价X线骨骼平片与放射性核素全身骨显像在多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma，MM)患者骨损害的应用价值。方法 对20例初发MM患者X线骨骼平片和放射性核素(99MTC—MDP)全身骨显像对比研究。结果 X线骨骼平片穿凿样溶骨性骨破坏占90％(18／20例)，病理性骨折占80％(16／20例)，弥漫性骨质疏松占80％(16／20例)。放射性核素骨显像阳性率45％(9／20例)，其表现是放射性核素浓聚灶、稀疏区，分布不均。结论 放射性核素骨显像对MM骨损害检查不如x线骨骼平片敏感、特异性高。X线骨骼摄片检查仍是诊断MM骨骼损害的首选。