A qualitative study of immigrant women on long-term sick leave and their experience of dignity

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore if and how immigrant women suffering from chronic pain experience and maintain their dignity, during rehabilitation.

Methods: The study was designed as a field study, with participant observation and in-depth interviews. Participant observations were carried out during a rehabilitation course for 14 immigrant women on an outpatient clinic at a rehabilitation hospital in southern Norway. In-depth interviews were performed after the rehabilitation period. Hermeneutic analysis was applied to interpret the data.

Results: Findings show that the immigrant women experienced dignity by being seen, respected and believed by family-members, healthcare personnel and other patients at the outpatient clinic. Moreover, they maintained their dignity through a sense of their own value, integrity, religious faith and hope for the future.

Conclusions: The immigrant women maintained and protected their dignity by finding strength, pride, and self-worth in their religion and through their family-members’ affection. Taking responsibility for themselves and others and experiencing fellowship and equality with other women, they enhanced their dignity during their rehabilitation process. The caring attitudes and behavior of some healthcare personnel promoted patient dignity. They also gained hope and dignity by experiencing goodness, cultural competence, and sensitivity from healthcare personnel.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• This study shows that the family role is more important for the immigrant women than the role as an employee, although financial independence and being able to help relatives financially also were central.

• Fellowship and equality with other patients, together with a rehabilitation program, which is facilitated for different language levels, were understood as important factors for an effective recovery.

• Enough time to get to know the patients and cultural competence seems to be central components for the health care personnel to give efficient help to immigrants in rehabilitation.

• Immigrants from low/middle-income countries appear to apply their religiousness as a resource in their lives to a greater extent than native Norwegians do, and should be taken into consideration when planning and implementing rehabilitation programs for immigrants.

     

产妇产后需求、社会支持与产后焦虑的相关性研究

目的 了解产妇产后需求、社会支持及焦虑现状,分析产后焦虑的影响因素.方法 采用方便抽样法选取西安市某三甲医院342例顺产产妇为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、产妇产后需求量表、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行调查,分析产后焦虑的影响因素及其与产妇产后需求、社会支持的相关性.结果 本研究中,产妇产后焦...     

Social support,life stress,and anxiety as predictors of pregnancy complications in low‐income women

Prospective repeated measures were used to examine attachment, social support, life stress, anxiety, and psychological wellbeing among low‐income women in early and late pregnancy and the relationships of these variables to prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal complications. One hundred and eleven medically healthy, low‐income, Medicaid‐eligible women ages 18–35 years, between 14 and 22 weeks of pregnancy were recruited from prenatal clinics. Self‐report questionnaires and hospital records were used to collect data. Discriminant analysis was performed. The most important discriminating factors for prenatal complications were state anxiety and total functional social support. The factors for neonatal complications were negative life events and the interaction of emotional support with negative life events. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32: 391–404, 2009     

意外创伤骨折病人社会支持、创伤后情绪痛苦和创伤后成长相关性研究

[目的]探讨意外创伤病人社会支持、创伤后情绪痛苦与创伤后成长的相关性.[方法]采用方便抽样,选取2012年6月-2013年3月入住我院创伤骨科病房行骨折切开复位内固定术的急性创伤病人197例,应用人口学一般资料、中文版创伤后成长量表、肖水源社会支持量表和中文版事件冲击问卷进行调查.[结果]意外创伤病人创伤后成长总分为（52.38±20.58）分,处于中等水平;社会支持水平和创伤后情绪痛苦水平分别为（41.98±8.74）分和（27.76±14.89）分.单因素方差分析和相关性分析结果显示：年龄、性别是影响意外创伤病人创伤后成长的人口学因素;社会支持总分、主观支持和对支持利用度与创伤后成长相关（P＜0.05）.回避型维度与创伤后成长总分、自我转变和新的可能性相关（P＜0.05）;事件冲击量表总分及高警觉得分与自我转变、新的可能性相关（P＜0.05）;多元逐步回归分析显示：年龄、回避型、主观支持、对支持利用度和社会支持总分进入回归方程,解释总变量的49.9％.[结论]关注影响意外创伤病人创伤后心理的正性成长因素,针对不同人群的特征制定个性化的创伤后干预方案,重构社会支持系统的完整性,控制创伤后应激的发生,激发创伤病人正性力量的产生.     

小学教师心理健康社会支持及心理需求状况调查

目的：了解小学教师的心理健康、社会支持及心理需求状况。方法对120名教师采用症状自评量表、社会支持评定量表及心理服务需求问卷进行测评分析。结果小学教师症状自评量表评分除人际关系敏感因子外,总均分及各因子分均显著高于国内常模（P＜0．01）;总均分、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性因子分与社会支持评定量表对社会支持的利用度维度分呈显著负相关（ P＜0．05或0．01）,精神病性因子分与社会支持评定量表总分呈显著负相关（ P＜0．05）。本组62．5％的教师需要心理卫生服务,53．3％的教师希望获得孩子教育方面的服务。结论小学教师的心理健康水平较低,对社会支持的利用度与心理健康水平显著相关,相关部门应注重教师的心理健康问题,予以有针对性地心理干预。     

The mental health of women with suspected breast cancer: the relationship between social support,anxiety, coping and defence in maintaining mental health

Relationships between anxiety, social support, coping, and defence, in connection to mental health, were studied among patients with suspected breast cancer, awaiting diagnosis. Data were collected by questionnaires from 117 women, 25-76 years of age (mean: 53.6 years) who had undergone breast biopsy. Instruments used were: the Social Provisions Scale (SPS); the state scale of State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI); and CODE [based on the Utrecht Coping List (UCL) and Defence Mechanisms Inventory (DMI)]. The results showed that patients reported elevated levels of anxiety and high levels of social support. Yet, anxiety was strongest and negatively related to 'instrumental coping', followed by 'cognitive defence'. 'Defensive hostility' was unrelated to anxiety. Unexpectedly, 'emotion-focused coping' and social provisions were unrelated to anxiety. Social provisions were somewhat related to 'instrumental coping', but sparsely related to 'emotion-focused coping', unrelated to 'cognitive defence' and partly negatively related to 'defensive hostility'. Hence, social support and 'emotion-focused coping' did not in themselves repress anxiety. 'Instrumental coping' did, even in a situation where nothing could be done. Social support is suggested to be the product of an 'instrumental coping style', not necessarily contributing to it. Clinical consequences for professional information and support to patients with different coping styles are suggested.     

Mitigating distress and promoting positive aspects of caring in caregivers of children and adolescents with schizophrenia: Mediation effects of resilience,hope, and social support

Assistance for distressed caregivers can indirectly facilitate recovery of the people being cared for, yet how resilience, hope, and social support mediate between caregiving burden and adjustment outcomes is unclear. A structural equation model was constructed based on data from a cross‐sectional survey of 324 caregivers of children and adolescents with schizophrenia using multidimensional caregiver burden inventory, Connor‐Davidson resilience scale, Herth hope index, perceived social support scale, distress management screening measure, and positive aspects of caregiving instruments. On distress, caregiving burden had a relatively large direct effect, and an indirect effect, mainly mediated by resilience. Resilience had a greater effect than social support or hope on distress. On positive aspects of caregiving (PAC), caregiving burden had only an indirect effect, primarily via the processes from social support and resilience to hope. Hope had a significant direct effect, while resilience and support had moderate indirect effects on PAC via hope. Resilience is an important mediator between caregiving burden and distress, with a greatest effect. Resilience, hope, and social support all mediated between caregiving burden and PAC, with hope having a greatest effect. Reducing the care burden may greatly help to relieve caregiver distress. Providing needed social support, encouraging caregivers to proactively utilize the support, and enhancing resilient coping skills will be helpful in developing resilience and mitigating distress. Health professionals should assess and ameliorate burden, be particularly aware of caregiver hopes, provide formal support, and encourage informal support to promote PAC.