微创经皮肾镜超声碎石清石术与钬激光碎石术治疗巨大肾结石的疗效比较

目的：比较微创经皮肾镜下新型超声碎石清石术与钬激光碎石术治疗巨大肾结石的疗效和安全性。方法：315例巨大肾结石(结石最大径均大于3 cm)按照两种碎石方法开展的时间先后顺序分为两组，超声碎石清石术组260例，钬激光碎石术组55例，比较两种碎石方法在手术碎石时间、结石清净率、术后平均血红蛋白下降发生率、手术后住院时间等指标的差异。结果：超声碎石组平均碎石取石时间(56 min)明显低于激光组(82 min)(P<0.01) ； 超声碎石组Ⅰ期手术结石清净率为81.5%（212/260）,Ⅱ期手术后总清净率为87.7%（228/260）；残留结石中有15例需体外震波碎石治疗；激光组Ⅰ期手术结石清净率为65.5%（36/55），Ⅱ期手术后总清净率为76.4%（42/55）；残留结石中有10例需体外震波碎石治疗；两组Ⅰ期手术结石清净率比较差异有显著性(P<0.01) 。钬激光组术后平均住院时间为8 d，超声组平均6 d,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论：微创经皮肾镜治疗复杂巨大肾结石，采用超声碎石清石术与激光碎石术比较，具有手术时间短、术中出血少、清石效率高等优点，尤其在治疗肾巨大铸形结石时，超声碎石清石术是理想选择。     

经皮肾镜超声气压弹道碎石术与钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石患者的效果比较

目的:比较经皮肾镜超声气压弹道碎石术与钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石患者的效果。方法:选取70例复杂性肾结石患者,按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组各35例。对照组采用经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗,观察组采用经皮肾镜超声气压弹道碎石术治疗,比较两组的结石取净率、手术用时、术中出血量、术后住院时间及并发症发生率。结果:观察组手术用时、术后住院时间均明显短于对照组,术中出血量低于对照组,结石取净率(94.28%)明显高于对照组(77.14%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组术后并发症发生率(2.86%)低于对照组(20.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经皮肾镜超声气压弹道碎石术用于复杂性肾结石的疗效优于经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术,能提高结石清除率,减少手术创伤,促进患者术后康复,且并发症更少。     

经皮肾镜碎石取石术和输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石病人的效果研究

目的：研究经皮肾镜碎石取石术和输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石病人的效果。方法方便选择该院2015年1月—2016年2月收治的肾结石病人80例进行分组回顾分析。输尿管组采取输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗,肾镜组采取经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗。比较两组患者肾结石一期手术清除率;肾结石取出时间、治疗过程失血量、术后住院观察时间;患者并发症发生率的差异。结果肾镜组相较于输尿管组肾结石一期手术清除率92.5%更高,输尿管组仅为75%,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;肾镜组相较于输尿管组肾结石取出时间更短、治疗过程失血量更少、术后住院观察时间更短,输尿管组分别为(134.39±12.77)min、(78.39±13.57)mL、(6.61±2.59)d,肾镜组分别为(93.51±10.41)min、(15.51±2.61)mL、(3.62±1.34)d,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。两组并发症发生率相似,均为7.5%,差异无统计学意义, P>0.05,均无出现严重不良反应。结论经皮肾镜碎石取石术和输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石病人的效果均较好,有较高的安全性,但相对来说,经皮肾镜碎石取石术手术时间更短且结石取净率更高,术后恢复快,临床可根据患者情况选择合理术式。     

电子输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术对复杂肾结石患者术后康复及清石率的影响

目的探讨电子输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术对复杂肾结石患者术后康复及清石率的影响。方法选取2017年5月至2019年3月安阳市人民医院收治的76例复杂肾结石患者作为研究对象,依照手术方案分为对照组和观察组,各38例。对照组接受经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)治疗,观察组接受电子输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗。比较两组术后康复情况(术后下床活动时间、住院时间)和清石率。结果观察组下床活动时间、住院时间均较对照组短,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。术后1周、1个月,两组清石率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论电子输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗复杂肾结石清石效果显著,能缩短患者术后下床活动时间、住院时间。     

经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术与体外冲击波碎石术治疗肾结石的效果

目的:探讨经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术(PCNL)治疗肾结石的临床效果.方法:选择2012年5月至2014年10月在我院接受肾结石手术的患者100例,根据手术方式不同,将所选研究对象分为PCNL组和ESWL组,分别采用经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术(PCNL)和体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗.观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、碎石成功率、结石清除率和并发症的发生率等.结果:经皮肾镜碎石组患者的手术碎石率和结石清除率均优于体外冲击波碎石组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经皮肾镜碎石组的手术时间比体外冲击波碎石组短,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经皮肾镜碎石组并发症的发生率低于体外冲击波碎石组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:经皮肾镜碎石术对于肾结石具有良好的治疗效果,不仅结石清除率高,手术时间短,而且术后并发症少,安全性更高.     

经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗肾结石的疗效

目的探究经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗肾结石的疗效。方法选取2013年1月至2015年1月河池市人民医院泌尿外科收治的肾结石患者92例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为气压弹道碎石术组和钬激光碎石术组,每组46例。气压弹道碎石术组患者给予经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗,钬激光碎石术组患者给予经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、结石的清除效果以及并发症发生情况。结果气压弹道碎石术组患者的手术时间[(96.2±9.5)min]短于钬激光碎石术组[(112.0±12.5)min],结石清除率为97.8%(45/46),高于钬激光碎石术组的84.8%(39/46),两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。气压弹道碎石术组并发症总发生率为2.2%(1/46),显著低于钬激光碎石术组患者的13.0%(6/46),差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.742,P=0.021)。结论经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗肾结石的疗效较好,其能有效清除结石,并降低并发症的发生率,值得在临床推广使用。     

经皮肾微造瘘大功率钬激光碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的比较

目的比较经皮肾微穿刺造瘘大功率钬激光碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析我院自2005年1月～2007年10月使用大功率(45～60W)钬激光碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石患者82例92侧的临床资料,比较两种碎石方法的手术时间、结石取净率、术中出血量、并发症发生率等指标。结果钬激光组48侧患肾,气压弹道组44侧患肾,钬激光组平均碎石取石时间67min(43～124min),低于气压弹道组99min(66～142min)。钬激光组I期治疗结石排净率为75%,Ⅱ期治疗后结石总排净率为87.5%;气压弹道组I期治疗结石排净率为63.6%,Ⅱ期治疗后结石总排净率为75%。钬激光组术中出血量63ml(20～210ml),低于气压弹道组术中出血量125ml(40～310ml)。手术并发症发生率钬激光组为8.3%,低于气压弹道组18.1%。结论经皮肾微穿刺造瘘大功率钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石较气压弹道碎石术碎石时间短、效率高、手术并发症低,是治疗复杂性肾结石的有效方法。     

MPCN大功率钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石的疗效

目的评价经皮肾微穿刺造瘘(MPCN)大功率钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析我院使用MPCN大功率钬(30~60 W)激光碎石术治疗肾结石36例39侧的临床资料,分析大功率钬激光碎石术碎石时间、结石排净率、并发症发生率、术后平均血红蛋白下降值、平均单侧碎石费用等指标。结果大功率钬激光治疗39侧患肾。平均碎石取石时间为77(41~134)min,Ⅰ期治疗结石排净率钬激光组为79%,Ⅱ期治疗后结石总排净率86%。尿液转清平均时间为40 h,手术并发症发生率为4%,术后平均血红蛋白下降5.1%。平均单侧碎石费用钬激光组5 000元。结论MPCN大功率钬激光碎石术碎石时间短、效率高,手术并发症低,是治疗包括巨大铸形结石在内的各种肾结石的有效方法,但费用高。     

经皮肾镜钬激光碎石治疗肾结石41例

目的分析总结经皮肾镜钬激光碎石治疗肾结石的有效性及安全性,以提高肾结石的治疗水平。方法回顾性分析2007年10月至2008年3月在本院进行了经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术的41例病历资料,总结其手术时间、结石清除率、术中术后并发症发生率。结果手术时间(162.4±43.2)min,结石完全清除29例(70.7%),术中转开放性手术2例(4.9%),总的术后并发症率为29.3%。结论经皮肾镜碎石术(PNCL)治疗肾结石是有效和安全的。     

经皮肾镜UMS超声碎石清石系统与钬激光碎石术治疗复杂肾结石的效果比较

目的比较经皮肾镜UMS超声碎石清石系统与钬激光碎石术治疗复杂肾结石的临床效果。方法把肇庆市端州区人民医院60例复杂肾结石患者随机分为甲、乙2组,每组各30例,甲组应用经皮肾镜UMS超声碎石清石系统治疗,乙组应用钬激光碎石术治疗,比较两组临床效果。结果两组患者的住院时间、治疗费用、Ⅰ期结石清除率以及并发症发生率比较均无显著差异(P>0.05),而甲组手术时长要显著少于乙组(P<0.05)。结论比较经皮肾镜USM超声碎石清石系统与钬激光碎石术治疗复杂肾结石的临床效果无差异,安全性与疗效相当,但前者手术时长偏短。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.