泌尿系感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的分析泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药性情况。方法回顾性分析2010年2月-2011年10月在我院门诊及住院部治疗的120例泌尿系感染患者的临床资料,对泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药性进行统计分析。结果检验标本中共分离出病原菌168株,其中革兰氏阴性杆菌108株(64.29%),革兰氏阳性球菌42株(25.00%),真菌18株(10.71%);革兰氏阴性杆菌中的大肠埃希菌为75株,占总分离菌的44.64%。结论大肠埃希菌是泌尿系感染主要的病原菌,随着抗生素的普遍使用,病原菌的耐药性也随之增高,临床医生在选用抗生素时应根据尿培养结果,有针对性的合理使用,提高治疗效果。     

三年中医院感染病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的：了解医院感染病原菌的分布及耐药性，为加强医院感染控制及临床抗感染治疗提供参考。方法：对2001年～2003年医院感染患者中分离出的551株病原菌的株数及构成比和耐药性进行分析。结果：医院感染病原菌检出率葡萄球菌23％，链球菌6．5%，肠杆菌科细菌38%～50%，非发酵菌80h～14．6％，真菌为12．3％～20．79％。占主要地位的是大肠埃希菌，肺炎克雷伯氏细菌和凝固酶阴性的葡萄球菌，产EBSLs的肠杆菌科细菌近年检出率明显增高。病原菌对复方新诺明、青霉素类和氨基甙类普遍耐药，与革兰氏阳性球菌比较，革兰氏阴性杆菌对氨基甙类抗生素的耐药率相比较低。结论：我院医院感染病原菌以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主，真菌的感染率较高，增加，临床标本的送检率，加强对病原菌和耐药性的检测，对指导临床合理使用抗生素，减少医院感染的发生有重要意义。     

医院患者病原菌感染种类及耐药性分析

目的 分析医院患者不同标本的细菌感染种类和耐药性,为临床医生合理使用抗生素提供参考依据.方法 采用法国梅里埃公司生产的BacT/ALERT 3D120全自动血培养仪和VITEK2-Compact全自动细菌鉴定/药敏分析仪对定西市人民医院2011年全年各病区送检标本进行细菌培养及药敏试验,统计并分析结果.结果 临床送检标本共2614份,分离菌株997株,总阳性率 38.1%.病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌居多,占 64.2 %,革兰氏阳性菌占35.8 %.感染病原菌前10位依次是大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、阴沟肠杆菌、屎肠球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、人型葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌.分离出的997株病原菌感染分布部位以下呼吸道和泌尿生殖系统为主.检出病原菌耐药性明显.结论 医院感染病原菌耐药性明显,加强耐药性监测、合理使用抗生素、提高医务人员手卫生的依从性,是减缓细菌耐药、控制医院感染的有力措施,及时监测病原菌变化及耐药趋势,对临床合理用药非常重要.     

医院感染的细菌分布及药敏检测分析

目的 分析目前医院感染常见病原菌的分布和药物敏感性,指导临床合理选用抗生素,减少耐药菌的发生.方法 通过对医院病区2009年送检的各类感染性标本进行细菌培养鉴定和药敏试验结果的统计分析.结果 1582份标本中共分离262株阳性致病菌,主要以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主,其中肺炎克雷伯菌占24.43％,大肠埃希菌占21.37％;致病菌主要分布在新生儿科呼吸道标本;在革兰氏阴性杆菌中产超广谱酶β-内酰胺酶细菌(ESBLs)占23.53％.结论 细菌耐药性仍是目前临床上最为严重的问题,因此掌握细菌变迁动态,不断进行耐药性监测,从而合理使用抗生素,以便达到有效的抗菌目的并减少耐药菌的出现.     

小儿肺炎痰液致病菌及其耐药性分析

[目的]分析小儿肺炎痰液致病菌及其耐药情况。[方法]收集926例肺炎患儿痰液标本进行致病菌株分离,分析其致病菌分布情况,并进行药敏试验。[结果]共分离出致病菌487株,其中革兰氏阴性杆菌281株,占57.70%;革兰氏阳性球菌172株,占35.32%;真菌34株,占6.98%。[结论]小儿肺炎主要致病菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,各致病菌构成情况与笔者前期报道比较有所改变,对常用及少用的抗生素耐药性也有变化,应加强病原菌监测,合理使用抗生素。     

2005年我院感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解我院2005年感染病原菌的分布及耐药现状，为加强医院感染控制及临床抗感染治疗提供依据。方法对我院2005年监测感染患者临床标本中分离的337株病原菌构成比和耐药性进行分析。结果革兰氏阴性杆菌占主导地位，其构成比分别为革兰氏阴性杆菌61．4％，真菌19．9％，革兰氏阳性球菌18．7％。革兰氏阴性杆菌对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦敏感性高，对其它抗生素耐药率呈上升趋势，葡萄球菌、肠球菌对万古霉素100％敏感，对甲氧西林耐药葡萄球菌占45．2％。结论加强感染病原菌检测及耐药性监测。合理使用抗生素，控制感染。     

腹部感染大肠埃希菌耐药性分析

引起腹部感染的病原菌较多,大肠埃希菌作为条件致病菌是腹部感染的主要致病菌之一.笔者对226份引流液、胆汁、腹水标本中分离出的102株大肠埃希菌的耐药性情况进行分析,指导临床合理使用抗生素,报道如下.     

肺癌化疗后医院获得性肺炎病原菌分布及药敏情况分析

目的:讨论分析肺癌化疗后医院获得性肺炎的菌群分布及药敏情况,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法:将34例肺癌化疗患者的痰标本进行培养,对病原菌特点、构成、耐药性进行分析。结果:34例患者痰标本中分离出病原菌37株,其中革兰氏阴性杆菌占81.1%(30/37),痰培养阳性率较高的肺炎克雷伯菌、硝酸盐阴性杆菌,对哌拉西林和头孢唑啉敏感。化疗过程中不排除革兰氏阳性菌及真菌感染可能。结论:肺癌化疗患者要及时做好病原菌及耐药性监测工作,合理使用抗生素。     

骨科术后切口感染病原菌的分布与耐药性分析

目的：研究骨科术后切口感染病原菌的分布及耐药性，指导抗生素合理应用。方法：回顾性分析骨科术后切口感染患者临床标本常规病原菌培养及药敏试验结果。结果：共调查1385例手术患者，感染89例，感染率6．43％。送检246份标本，分离出病原菌96株，其中革兰阳性菌51株，占53．13％，主要为葡萄球菌；革兰阴性菌44株，占45．83％，主要为铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌。真菌1株，占1．04％。分离菌株对临床常用抗生素表现为不同程度的耐药性。结论：骨科术后切口感染病原菌种类多，加强致病菌的分离与耐药性检测，有助于感染的防治。     

医院感染病原菌监测及耐药性的探析

目的观察本院常见的感染病原菌的临床分布及其耐药情况,为合理应用抗生素提供科学参考依据。方法通过对新疆伊犁州奎屯医院2009年10月～2010年6月住院患者的常规受检标本进行菌株分离鉴定、药敏实验检测耐药性,总结分析病原菌分布情况、病原菌株的耐药性。结果从660份样本中共分离出457株病原菌,革兰氏阴性杆菌278株（60.8%）,革兰氏阳性菌116株（25.4%）,真菌63株（13.8%）;G-菌中以铜绿假单胞菌居首位,G＋菌以葡萄球菌为主,63株真菌中白色假丝酵母菌共41株（9.0%）;革兰阴性菌及格兰阳性菌对多种常用抗菌药存在高耐药性,对极少抗菌药物敏感性高;白色假丝酵母菌对常用抗真菌药保持较高的敏感性。结论本院感染病原菌菌种较多,以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主,而且多种致病菌存在明显的耐药性。临床防治感染应对病人进行细菌学检查,并根据药敏实验结果合理选择抗生素,减少耐药菌株的产生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.