老年转子间骨折PFNA内固定术后髋关节功能的影响因素分析

目的探讨老年转子间骨折PFNA内固定术后髋关节功能的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2013年3月—2017年9月于中国贵航集团三O二医院骨科治疗的133例股骨转子间骨折患者的临床资料,其中男性70例,女性63例;年龄60~78岁,平均67.5岁;摔伤96例,道路交通伤17例,高处坠落伤12例,其他伤8例。依据术后髋关节功能将患者分为优、良、可、差四组,采用单因素χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析探究PFNA内固定术后髋关节功能的影响因素。结果术后随访6~29个月,平均随访13.5个月。末次随访时,患者髋关节Harris评分58~93分,平均82.7分,其中髋关节功能优46例、良64例、可16例、差7例。单因素分析结果显示年龄、骨折分型、美国麻醉师协会(ASA)分级、手术时机、骨质疏松、复位质量为髋关节功能的影响因素;多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=22.357,95%CI:3.553~87.286,P=0.013)、骨折分型(OR=12.206,95%CI:1.528~36.654,P=0.029)、ASA分级(OR=9.675,95%CI:1.412~32.344,P=0.035)、手术时机(OR=18.542,95%CI:3.206~78.348,P=0.022)、复位质量(OR=19.685,95%CI:3.347~85.376,P=0.016)为髋关节功能的独立影响因素。结论老年转子间骨折PFNA内固定术后髋关节功能影响因素较多,年龄、骨折分型、ASA分级、手术时机、复位质量为髋关节功能的独立影响因素。     

LISS钢板治疗股骨远端C型骨折手术技巧的探讨

目的 探讨LISS钢板对股骨远端C型骨折的手术技巧.方法 采用LISS钢板微创切开复位固定股骨远端C型骨折24例,对复位固定技术、术后处理、结果进行分析总结.结果 术后所有患者随访12~18个月,24例全部愈合,按照Merchan评分标准:优3例,良15例,可4例,差2例,优良率75%.结论 运用手术技巧使骨折端达到解剖复位,坚强固定是膝关节在术后早期功能锻炼的重要基础,也是提高手术疗效的关键.     

微创固定系统治疗股骨远端骨折53例

目的 探讨微创固定系统(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)在股骨远端骨折手术中的技术要点. 方法2003年7月-2007年2月,采用LISS治疗53例股骨远端骨折.骨折按AO分型:33A1型2例,33A2型11例,33A3型10例,33C1型3例,33C2型15例,33C3型12例.手术方法:对股骨髁间的关节内骨折切开复位,而股骨干骺端骨折则闭合复位,再通过小切口插入LISS钢板,骨折复位满意、钢板位置适宜后,瞄准臂引导下分别在远、近骨折段钻入4～6枚锁定螺钉. 结果 51例患者随访平均25.9个月,术后平均14.2周X线片示骨痂明显形成.无内固定松动、断裂及深部感染.患膝平均活动度为伸直1°、屈曲115°.美同特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节评分平均为87.6分,优33例,良17例,中1例. 结论股骨远端骨折LISS微创手术应注意:用较长的LISS钢板;钢板应与股骨外髁贴附好;经近端小切口触摸确认钢板近段在股骨外侧中央;钻入股骨干螺钉前应摄X线片检查;骨质疏松、粉碎骨折患者应结合双皮质锁定螺钉固定.     

桡骨远端骨折切开复位内固定治疗失败的影响因素分析

目的探讨分析桡骨远端骨折切开复位内固定治疗失败的影响因素。方法选取2020年5月至2021年5月驻马店魏道德骨科医院收治的60例拟行切开复位内固定术治疗的桡骨远端骨折患者作为研究对象,收集患者性别、年龄、受伤原因、受伤至手术时间、骨折AO分型、是否合并糖尿病、是否合并高血压、是否合并骨质疏松、手术时间等资料,并根据患者切开复位内固定治疗是否失败将其分为失败组与成功组,多因素Logistic回归分析桡骨远端骨折切开复位内固定治疗失败的相关影响因素。结果60例桡骨远端骨折患者行切开复位内固定术治疗1个月后,12例(20.0%)患者治疗失败,设为失败组;余48例(80.0%)患者治疗成功,设为成功组。单因素分析结果显示,失败组受伤至手术时间≤5d、骨折AO分型为C型、合并糖尿病、合并骨质疏松患者比例明显高于成功组(χ2=12.273、18.504、10.855、15.745,P<0.001、P<0.001、P=0.001、P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,受伤至手术时间≤5 d、骨折AO分型为C型、合并糖尿病、合并骨质疏松是桡骨远端骨折切开复位内固定治疗失败的独立危险因素(95%CI为2.435~1763.539、1.307~444.840、1.321~176.352、1.186-289.506,P=0.013、0.032、0.029、0.037)。结论桡骨远端骨折切开复位内固定治疗失败与受伤至手术时间、骨折AO分型、是否合并糖尿病、是否合并骨质疏松有关。     

解剖型钢板配合可吸收棒治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的 探讨解剖型钢板配合可吸收棒治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床效果。方法 对2001年5月以来收治的股骨远端粉碎性骨折45例,用AO解剖型钢板配合可吸收棒进行内固定治疗,术后获8～36个月随访。结果 解剖复位39例,接近解剖复位6例;45例伤口均愈合,无骨折不愈合、螺钉松动、钢板断裂等并发症;按Merchan膝关节功能评分,优31例,良10例,可4例;优良率91．1％。结论 AO解剖型钢板配合可吸收棒治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折,关节面复位好,固定可靠,便于膝关节早期功能锻炼,是治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折较理想的方法。     

切开复位内固定治疗股骨远端骨折

目的探讨切开复位内固定股治疗骨远端骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法切开复位内固定治疗股骨远端骨折47例,根据AO/ASIF分型：A型10例,B型12例,C型25例,分别采用股骨髁支持钢板、L-梯形钢板、逆行带锁髓内钉、拉力螺钉进行固定,术后经15～96个月随访。结果5例骨不愈合、3例出现伤口及骨折部位化脓性感染、3例出现钢板断裂,根据Kolmenrt股骨远端功能评定标准：优22例,良17例,一般4例,差4例,优良率82.9%。结论切开复位内固定治疗股骨远端骨折能最大限度获得骨折复位和关节早期功能锻炼,是治疗股骨远端骨折较理想的方法。     

锁定加压钢板治疗老年女性股骨远端骨折62例临床疗效观察

目的观察锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗老年女性股骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法老年女性股骨远端骨折患者62例,均采用股骨远端锁定钢板固定,术后不做外固定,在医护指导下配合CPM早期行膝关节的功能锻炼。结果所有病例经6～18个月(均12个月)随访,骨折均愈合,愈合时间5～7个月,全组中优29例,良25例,差8例,优良率87.1%。结论 LCP外形设计合理,对骨折血供破坏少,不易松钉,适合于老年股骨远端骨折特别是有骨质疏松的老年女性患者。     

对多发伤是否增加术后早期认知功能障碍风险的前瞻性队列研究

目的研究多发伤对全麻患者术后早期认知功能障碍的影响。方法收集多发伤及非创伤择期手术全身麻醉患者各60例,年龄18~70岁。分别于术前1d及术后3、5d用简明智力状况检查表(MMSE)评估患者术后早期认知功能并收集相关信息,采用Logistic回归分析评估。结果排除术中长时间低血压和低氧血症(5例)、术后无法配合问卷(2例)及信息不完整病例(2例)后共111例患者参与统计分析。术后3d非创伤组11例患者出现认知功能异常[20.37%(95%CI 15.14~26.83)],多发伤组19例[33.33%(95%CI20.85~48.03)];术后5d,非创伤组5例患者异常[9.26%(95%CI 3.71~15.62)],多发伤组9例[15.79%(95%CI 8.93~22.30)]。Logistic回归分析示,合并多发伤(OR 3.01,95%CI 2.08~5.12,P=0.001)、年龄(OR 4.60,95%CI 1.92~8.11,P=0.010)、舒芬太尼用量(OR 1.39,95%CI 1.05~1.97,P=0.027)为术后3d认知功能异常的独立危险因素,受教育年数(OR 0.63,95%CI 0.52~0.74,P=0.041)为保护因素;合并多发伤(OR 2.84,95%CI 1.35~4.18,P=0.002)、年龄(OR 3.89,95%CI 2.51~7.87,P=0.013)为术后5d的独立危险因素,受教育年数(OR 0.57,95%CI 0.44~0.80,P=0.036)为保护因素。结论合并多发伤为患者全麻术后认知功能异常的独立危险因素,其他危险因素有年龄、舒芬太尼用量,受教育年数为保护因素。     

逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折的近期疗效分析

目的　评价逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折的效果。方法　 2 0 0 0年 6月～ 2 0 0 1年 1 2月 ,对1 9例股骨远端骨折 (A型 7例 ,C型 1 2例 )采用逆行交锁髓内钉治疗 ,并用Merchan膝关节功能评分对结果进行评价。结果　 1 8例随访 8～ 2 6个月 ,平均 1 8.5个月 ,骨折均愈合。按Merchan膝关节功能评分 ,优 9例 ,良7例 ,可 2例 ,优良率 88.9%。结论　使用逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折具有关节面复位好、固定可靠、便于膝关节早期功能锻炼等优点 ,初期疗效满意     

锁定钢板治疗老年股骨远端骨折32例临床分析

目的探讨锁定钢板治疗老年股骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法对临床收治的32例老年股骨远端骨折患者采用锁定钢板治疗,术后进行6到24个月治疗效果随访。结果所有患者均达到复位要求,术后无复位丢失及内固定松动断裂,平均6到8个月骨折愈合。膝关节功能评分优23例,良5例,一般4例,优良率达88．9％。结论锁定钢板治疗老年股骨远端粉碎骨折操作简单,固定牢靠,膝关节功能恢复良好,是治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折一种满意方法。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.