层次分析法构建消化内镜微创治疗围术期护理质量评价指标体系

目的构建消化内镜微创治疗围术期护理质量评价指标体系,并确立各级指标权重系数。方法对17名专家采用德尔菲法进行2轮函询,并应用层次分析法建立层次结构模型,构造判断矩阵,计算各指标权重并检验其逻辑一致性。结果 2轮函询专家的权威系数分别为0.87、0.86,一级指标协调系数分别为0.32、0.37(均P0.01)。确立的评价体系包括3个一级指标、8个二级指标及36个三级指标,一级指标结构质量、过程质量、结果质量的权重系数分别为0.1396、0.5279、0.3325;各级指标层次单排序及总排序一致性比率均0.10,具有满意的一致性。结论构建的评价指标体系科学可行,各指标权重合理,能为消化内镜微创治疗围术期护理质量管理提供客观、可量化的依据。     

糖尿病住院患者护理质量评价指标体系的构建

目的构建糖尿病住院患者护理质量评价指标体系,为糖尿病护理质量提供评价工具。方法以Donabedian结构-过程-结果模式为理论框架,通过文献研究、专家会议法、德尔菲专家咨询法、层次分析法,构建糖尿病护理质量评价指标体系和各指标权重。结果 2轮专家咨询的专家积极程度分别为93.75%和100%,专家权威程度系数为0.95,2轮专家咨询后各项指标变异系数0～0.110,协调系数0.143～0.295。最终形成3个一级指标、10个二级指标和46个三级指标的评价体系。结论糖尿病住院患者护理质量评价指标体系可靠,有较好的适用性,进一步验证后可作为糖尿病护理质量评价工具。     

支气管哮喘护理质量评价指标体系的构建

目的构建支气管哮喘护理质量评价指标体系。方法以"结构-过程-结果"框架为理论依据,采用文献回顾法、临床调研、德尔菲专家函询法的质性研究及层次分析法的量性研究相结合,确定各指标权重,构建支气管哮喘护理质量评价指标体系。结果2轮专家函询问卷有效回收率均为100%,专家权威系数Cr值分别为0.845、0.865,协调系数W值分别为0.252、0.286(P0.01)。形成了3个一级指标、14个二级指标、69个三级指标的哮喘护理质量评价指标,确立了各层级指标权重系数,均通过了一致性检验(CR0.1)。结论该指标体系层次分明,评价指标明确,权重分配合理,具有科学性,为进一步验证打好了基础。     

气管切开患者围手术期护理质量评价指标体系的构建

目的建立气管切开围手术期护理质量评价指标体系,以提高其护理质量。方法基于文献回顾,初步拟定气管切开围手术期护理质量评价指标体系一套,形成专家咨询问卷,应用德尔菲法对15名重症监护、耳鼻咽喉头颈外科护理等相关专家进行两轮咨询。结果遴选专家积极系数为100%,平均权威系数为0.877,专家对所有指标意见的协调系数Kendall′s W分别为0.483、0.833(均P0.01)。经过两轮咨询,构建了气管切开护理质量的评价指标体系,包括要素质量、环节质量及终末质量3项一级指标、10项二级指标、38项三级指标并设置了不同的权重。结论两轮专家咨询的结果具有一定可靠性,所构建的评价指标能够科学有效地对气管切开围手术期的护理质量予以评价,对提高其护理质量、患者及家属的满意度具有较好作用。     

输尿管皮肤造口患者延续护理质量评价指标体系的构建

目的 构建输尿管皮肤造口患者延续护理质量评价指标体系，为评价延续护理质量提供工具。 方法 以三维质量结构模式为理论框架，采用文献回顾、半结构式访谈、2轮专家函询及层次分析法，确立输尿管皮肤造口患者延续护理质量评价指标体系及各级指标权重。 结果 2轮专家函询问卷有效回收率为95.83%、100%，专家权威系数为0.900、0.909，肯德尔和谐系数为0.161~0.217（均P＜0.05）。最终确立输尿管皮肤造口患者延续护理质量评价指标体系，包括3项一级指标，13项二级指标，54项三级指标。各级指标权重一致性检验系数均＜0.1。 结论 输尿管皮肤造口患者延续护理质量评价指标体系具有较好的专家认可度，可进一步开展临床验证研究。     

高职院校护理专业学生临床实习质量评价指标体系的构建

目的构建适合于高职院校护理专业学生临床实习质量评价的指标体系。方法采用德尔菲法进行两轮专家咨询,用专家排序法对指标的重要性进行权重分析。结果专家问卷的回收率为96.67%,专家的权威系数为0.8867,指标的变异系数<0.25,协调系数为0.135～0.310、P<0.01,专业人文素养的权重高于临床护理能力。形成了2个一级指标、14个二级指标、51个三级指标的高职院校护理专业学生临床实习质量评价指标体系。结论高职院校护理专业学生临床实习质量评价指标体系,可用于学生临床实习质量的评价,亦可作为学生实习工作的标准。     

护理院质量评价指标体系的构建

目的构建护理院质量评价指标体系并确定指标权重,用于评价护理院质量。方法以Donabedian质量理论"结构-过程-结果"为基础构建护理院质量评价指标体系条目池,采用Delphi法遴选18名专家进行2轮咨询,通过层次分析法计算各级指标权重并进行一致性检验。结果构建了包括3个一级指标、18个二级指标、65个三级指标的护理院质量评价指标体系。结论本护理院质量评价指标体系指标较全面,操作性强,在一定程度上可用于护理院质量评价。     

北京地区肾内科护理质量敏感指标的构建

目的 建立北京地区肾内科护理质量敏感指标,为北京地区肾内科护理质量评价与监测提供参考.方法 通过循证筛选肾内科护理质量敏感性指标,对30名专家进行2轮咨询及面对面讨论.结果 构建了 26项肾内科护理质量敏感性指标.2轮专家咨询积极系数分别为85.71％和100％,权威系数为0.80和0.81,第2轮专家咨询后变异系数为0.02～0.22,协调系数为0.26～0.52.结论 构建的肾内科护理质量敏感性指标科学性与可操作性强,可用于肾内科护理质量评价与监测.     

基于柯氏模型的新护士规范化培训评价指标体系的构建

目的构建新护士规范化培训评价指标体系,为新护士规范化培训效果评估提供参考。方法在中国注册护士核心能力框架的基础上结合柯氏评估模型,运用文献分析法、焦点小组访谈法、德尔菲专家咨询法构建新护士规范化培训评价指标体系,并应用层次分析法确定各级指标的权重。结果选取从事护理教育和护理管理的16名专家进行2轮咨询,2轮问卷有效回收率分别为100%和87.5%,专家的权威系数分别为0.884和0.879。评价体系的肯德尔和谐系数为0.327(P0.01)。最终形成的评价体系包括一级指标4个,二级指标12个,三级指标30个。结论构建的新护士规范化培训评价指标体系,评价指标科学全面,可操作性强,能够对新护士的规范化培训提供有效评价。     

网约护士服务满意度评价指标体系的构建

目的 构建网约护士服务满意度评价指标体系,为网约护士服务满意度评价提供测量工具。 方法 通过文献分析及走访专家,初步拟定专家咨询问卷及调查问卷,采用德尔菲法对26名专家进行两轮函询,并通过层次分析法确定各指标权重。 结果 第1轮和第2轮函询专家的积极态度分别为96.2%、92.0%,专家权威系数分别为0.70、0.84;第1轮专家意见一、二级指标的协调系数分别为0.303、0.285,第2轮分别为0.482、0.437（均P<0.01）。构建的网约护士服务满意度评价指标体系一级指标4个（服务内容、服务态度、服务环境、服务水平）,二级指标14个,三级指标37个;一级指标权重分别为服务环境0.360,服务水平0.269,服务态度0.198,服务内容0.173。 结论 构建的网约护士服务满意度评价指标体系可指导和规范网约护士的护理服务,以此评价网约护士服务满意度较为合理。     

Using National Quality Forum Breast Cancer Indicators to Measure Quality of Care for Patients in an AVON Comprehensive Breast Center

Abstract: In April 2007, the National Quality Forum (NQF) endorsed the first nationally recognized hospital‐based performance measures for quality of care for breast cancer. The aim of this study was to measure quality of care at our AVON Center for Breast Care (AVONCBC) using these indicators. We retrospectively reviewed tumor registry and medical records of females under age 70 diagnosed with breast cancer in years 2005–2006. For patients diagnosed with hormone receptor negative breast cancer, 22 of 29 (75.9%) and 28 of 32 (87.5%) were considered for or received chemotherapy in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Of those patients, 21 of 29 (72.4%) and 24 of 32 (75.0%) were considered for or received chemotherapy within the NQF 4‐month period. For patients undergoing breast conserving surgery (BCS), 20 of 23 (86.9%) in 2005 and 37 of 39 (94.9%) in 2006 were referred for adjuvant radiation therapy. The proportion of patients who received radiation therapy within 1 year of diagnosis was 18 of 23 (78.2%) and 29 of 39 (74.4%) for diagnosis years 2005 and 2006, respectively. The vast majority of patients in our AVONCBC are referred to medical and/or radiation oncology for adjunctive therapy and about three‐fourths receive treatment compliant with the NQF QI. To increase our compliance rate, we are developing methods to improve access to the multiple disciplines in our AVONCBC. Using the NQF indicators serves to assess hospital performance at a systems‐level and as a useful method for tracking cancer quality of care.     

以点带面全面推行医院护理品管圈活动

目的 探索在医院护理工作中全面推行品管圈活动的方法,进一步促进护理质量持续改进.方法 在全院通过以点带面的方法,先对少数护理骨干进行培训,在试点科室率先开展后再逐步向全院铺开,品管圈推行委员会适时进行监督指导,全面推行“品管圈”活动.结果 全院开展的品管圈由21圈增至80圈;患者对护理工作的满意度由2008年的86.53％升至2012年的95.76％.结论 以点带面的方法能有效地在全院范围内全面推行品管圈活动,整体提升护理管理和护理服务质量.     

Quality measurement affecting surgical practice: Utility versus utopia

The Triple Aim: improving healthcare quality, cost and patient experience has resulted in massive healthcare “quality” measurement. For many surgeons the origins, intent and strengths of this measurement barrage seems nebulous-though their shortcomings are noticeable.This article reviews the major organizations and programs (namely the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services) driving the somewhat burdensome healthcare quality climate. The success of this top-down approach is mixed, and far from convincing. We contend that the current programs disproportionately reflect the definitions of quality from (and the interests of) the national payer perspective; rather than a more balanced representation of all stakeholders interests-most importantly, patients' beneficence. The result is an environment more like performance management than one of valid quality assessment. Suggestions for a more meaningful construction of surgical quality measurement are offered, as well as a strategy to describe surgical quality from all of the stakeholders' perspectives. Our hope is to entice surgeons to engage in institution level quality improvement initiatives that promise utility and are less utopian than what is currently present.     

护理文书质量评价标准细则的制定及应用实践

目的探讨护理文书质量评价标准细则的制定方法和实施效果。方法回顾和分析既往护理文书记录缺陷,以护理文书书写规范及其相关的法律法规为指南,结合医院实际情况,针对性地制定护理文书质量检查评价标准细则(包括25条单项否决项目和40条评分细则);用定性定量评价法综合判断护理文书质量。结果 2005～2009年护理病历评分从88.20±7.18提高至97.80±2.15,重点病历护理文书合格率从95.83%提高至100%;优良率从55.56%提高至94.22%;单项否决病历从1.66%降至0。结论护理文书质量检查评价标准细则的制定和应用,可有效提高护理文书的质量。     

Sperm Characteristics of Infertile and Fertile Zairian Men at the University Clinic of Mont Amba (Kinshasa)

The best interpretation of different sperm characteristics of zairian men consulting for infertility results from comparative studies with the sperm characteristics of fecund men. In this study four sperm variables permitted us to distinguish infecund from fecund men: sperm count, total sperm count, morphology and motility at the 24th-26th hour. No differences have been observed about aspect, odor, pH and volume of ejaculate.     

Semen Characteristics of 49 Fertile Males

We examined the semen characteristics of 49 men whose partners had conceived within the last 16 weeks. There was considerable variation in the semen results. The % of morphologically ideal forms and the absence of sperm bound antibodies appeared to be the two most important semen characteristics when assessing the fertilising potential of the samples. A large proportion of samples (70%) when compared to the WHO standards of normality, were classed abnormal, however, only 25% of the samples had greater than 2 abnormal characteristics. It is diagnostically more relevant to determine the number of abnormalities within a sample rather than categorising the sample as "normal" or "abnormal".     

精子质量与胚胎质量

衡量男性的生殖能力一般采用WHO的精液分析标准,包括精子的活力、密度、畸形率等,然后结合女方的一些相关检查,为夫妇选择适应的妊娠方式.对于婚后1年规律性生活仍未怀孕者,则认为是不孕,应选择合适的助孕治疗.随着卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)的发展,男性不育得到了有效的治疗,但ICSI却使精子的自然选择作用消失,操作过程中有可能选择了质量差的精子进行受精,其胚胎的发育和质量、妊娠率及妊娠结局不能达到期望的水平.     

Quality‐of‐care framework in urological cancers: where do we stand?

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Provision of high‐quality care necessitates the identification and measurement of relevant quality indicators. Urological surgery currently does not have a validated quality‐of‐care framework to guide surgical quality improvement. This article aims to delineate quality of care processes, current status of quality indicators for major urological cancers as well as recommend a provisional framework for evaluation of quality for urological procedures. Growing demands for patient safety, lower cost and quality of care have resulted in several initiatives of quality measurement across urological surgery. Although candidate indicators have been proposed in various procedures, the field still lacks a valid quality framework. Better understanding of the interplay between patient selection, surgical expertise, preoperative‐, intraoperative, postoperative processes and outcomes is needed. Consensus needs to be achieved in which validated structural, process and outcomes measures to employ, how this data should be collected, which agencies to share this data with and how to use this data to effect change in health policy. Compliance with quality framework needs to be continuously audited with its outcomes frequently benchmarked against international standards. Pursuit of quality improvement schemes require significant investment and need to be weighed against current budgetary constraints.