渗透压对未成熟树突状细胞生物力学特性和免疫学功能的影响

目的从力学生物学角度研究渗透压对未成熟树突状细胞(immature dendritic cells,im DCs)生物力学特性和免疫功能的影响。方法不同渗透压处理im DCs后,CCK-8检测细胞存活率,激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞骨架结构的变化,细胞电泳仪检测细胞电泳迁移率的改变,荧光偏振法检测细胞的膜流动性,实时荧光定量PCR检测免疫相关分子的表达变化,流式细胞仪检测细胞的抗原吞噬能力。结果高、低渗均会改变im DCs的F-actin结构,甚至诱导细胞凋亡。低渗组电泳率显著高于等渗组,高渗组电泳率低于等渗组(P<0.05)。荧光偏振结果显示,高、低渗均会显著降低细胞的膜流动性(P<0.05);q PCR结果发现,高、低渗会显著上调im DCs免疫表型分子CCR7、CD40、CD205、CD11a、CD11c的表达和抗原吞噬能力(P<0.05)。结论高、低渗应激会影响im DCs生物力学特性和免疫表型分子表达,研究结果对深入理解DCs的免疫调节功能具有重要意义。     

缺氧预适应对原代培养乳鼠窦房结细胞骨架结构的影响

目的：观察缺氧预适应对培养乳鼠窦房结细胞骨架结构完整性的影响。 方法： 取培养2 d的乳鼠窦房结细胞，随机分为对照组、缺氧/复氧（H/R）组及缺氧预适应（HP）组，通过免疫荧光法分别标记微丝（F-actin）、纽带蛋白（vinculin）、微管蛋白（β-tubulin）及结蛋白（desmin），以激光共聚焦显微镜检测各组细胞骨架结构的改变。 结果： ①H/R组窦房结细胞的4种骨架蛋白量明显低于对照组（P<0.01），细胞骨架结构破坏显著，细胞变形，胞膜破损。②HP组骨架蛋白量虽仍与对照组有明显差异，但显著高于H/R组（P<0.01），细胞骨架结构维护相对较好，细胞形态较规则，胞膜基本完整。 结论： HP能够减轻H/R引起的乳鼠窦房结细胞骨架结构损伤，维持细胞骨架的相对完整性。     

Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) infection induces alterations in the cytoskeleton of Vero cells but not apoptosis

Summary.  Effects of infection with two different strains of equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1; Piber 178/83, Kentucky D) on the cytoskeleton of Vero cells were investigated immunohistochemically, and evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Twenty four hours post EHV-1 infection the assembly of the microtubulus system of Vero cells was heavily disturbed. The Golgi region was dispersed into vesicles spread throughout the cytoplasm as demonstrated by WGA lectin binding. Other cytoskeletal elements such as cytokeratin, vimentin, and filamentous actin (F-actin) were not affected by EHV-1 infection. The nature of Vero cell death after EHV-1 infection was investigated by three different methods to include all possible stages of apoptosis. All methods failed to demonstrate characteristic apoptotic features, therefore, it seems likely that necrosis is the predominant way of cell death in EHV-1 infected Vero cells. Received February 23, 1999 Accepted April 26, 1999     

Morphological study of fibroblasts treated with cytochalasin D and colchicine using a confocal laser scanning microscopy

The role of actin filaments and microtubules in 3D cell morphology was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis based on a region-growing method. Fibroblasts were treated with cytochalasin D or colchicine to disrupt the actin filaments or microtubules, respectively, and the structure and distribution of these cytoskeletal filaments were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. From the 3D reconstructed fluorescence images of the cytoskeleton, morphological parameters such as volume, adhesion area, height, and volume ratio of individual cells were determined. The volume ratio was defined as the ratio of the partial volume for every 10% of the height to the total cell volume. The cell volume decreased slightly after the disruption of actin filaments and microtubules, but the change was not significant. The cell adhesion area was significantly decreased after the disruption of actin filaments and microtubules, and was significantly smaller in actin filament-disrupted cells than in microtubule-disrupted cells. Cell height increased significantly after actin filament disruption, whereas it remained almost unchanged after microtubule disruption. Analysis of the volume ratio revealed that the cell shape changed from a cone to a hemisphere after disruption of actin filaments and slightly shifted toward a hemisphere-like shape after microtubule disruption. These results suggest that actin filaments are the major component responsible for the maintenance of global cell shape and that the contribution of microtubules to global cell morphology is much less than that of actin filaments.     

Paeoniflorin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Permeability of Endothelial Cells: Involvements of F-Actin Expression and Phosphorylations of PI3K/Akt and PKC

This study aimed to investigate the effects of paeoniflorin, the main active ingredient of the medicinal plant Paeonia lactiflora Pall., on the permeability of endothelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the underlying mechanisms. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated by LPS. Extravasated FITC-dextran reflecting permeability was assessed by multimode microplate reader, and the migration of bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein acetoxy-methyl-labeled human acute monocytic leukemia cell line and leukemia cell line cells through HUVECs were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. The phosphorylations of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, protein kinase C (PKC), and cofilin in HUVECs were assessed by western blotting, and the F-actin level was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy. After LPS stimulation, inflammatory endothelial cells exhibited significantly increased permeability. Paeoniflorin (10, 30, and 100 μM) inhibited dextran extravasation and leukocyte migration through HUVECs induced by LPS in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, paeoniflorin was able to suppress the phosphorylations of PI3K/Akt, PKC, and cofilin, as well as F-actin reorganization in HUVECs induced by LPS. These findings revealed that paeoniflorin partly blocked LPS-induced endothelium permeability, supporting a new explanation for its anti-inflammatory effects.     

ANLN缺失后Hela细胞的力学特性与骨架蛋白变化分析

文题释义： Anillin蛋白(ANLN)：最早是以F-actin的绑定蛋白被发现的，后经研究表明其与细胞骨架的肌动蛋白纤维和肌球蛋白等主要组分相互作用，是一种高度保守的脚手架蛋白，在胞质分裂中稳定收缩环。在细胞分裂间期中维持正常的细胞-细胞连接和细胞形态。 原子力显微镜：利用探针与测量样本之间的各种相互作用力，再通过激光束反射放大微悬臂形变的信号，能够以极高分辨率(纳米级)检测样本表面并成像，同时可对样本进行力学性能测试，获得样本表面特定点的力-距离曲线，再通过对曲线分析获得精确的力学特性，是近期运用最为广泛的工具之一。 背景：目前关于ANLN蛋白在细胞分裂间期调节细胞形态、细胞-细胞间接完整性以及胞质分裂中稳定收缩环的作用已经明确，但其对细胞力学性能和骨架蛋白的影响还鲜有报道。 目的：探讨ANLN缺失对分裂间期细胞力学特性与骨架蛋白的影响。 方法：通过原子力显微镜分别测量正常Hela细胞与siRNA敲降ANLN的Hela细胞的表面弹性模量和破膜力；采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察正常Hela细胞与siRNA敲降ANLN的Hela细胞的肌球蛋白ⅡA以及肌动蛋白纤维分布特征。 结果与结论：①敲降ANLN的Hela细胞的表面弹性模量明显高于未经处理的正常Hela细胞，与敲降ANLN的细胞相比，正常细胞的表面弹性模量更倾向于极性分布(两极间逐步降低)，但两组细胞长轴边缘区域的破膜力并没有明显差别；②ANLN敲降组细胞在边缘位置有较低的肌球蛋白ⅡA分布；③ANLN敲降组近底层细胞-细胞连接区域的肌动蛋白纤维趋向更散乱，并且细胞内纤维束沿长轴排列不明显，中层有细胞间隙变大的倾向；④结果说明，敲降ANLN对细胞的边缘区域影响最大，ANLN的缺失会导致细胞边缘区域更频繁的重构，细胞需要聚集更多的骨架蛋白及其结合蛋白来稳定细胞状态，导致了更高的表面弹性模量。 ORCID: 0000-0002-3501-4467(徐丽萌) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体参与雷帕霉素诱导血管内皮细胞功能损伤的体外研究

目的: 探讨雷帕霉素对内皮细胞凋亡和增殖、迁移能力的影响,以及肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)表达水平的变化。方法: 用浓度为0、1、10、100 μg/L 的雷帕霉素孵育内皮细胞24 h,应用CCK8法检测血管内皮细胞的增殖能力,Transwell小室和划痕试验检测细胞迁移能力,DAPI染色观察凋亡细胞核形态改变,Western blotting法检测caspase-3活性以显示血管内皮细胞的凋亡,并用 Western blotting检测TRAIL在凋亡的内皮细胞中的表达。结果: 雷帕霉素(1-100 μg/L)能诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡并抑制其迁移能力(P<0.01)。除雷帕霉素1 μg/L外, 10 μg/L和100 μg/L雷帕霉素均能抑制内皮细胞增殖能力(P<0.01),同时雷帕霉素(10-100 μg/L)使TRAIL蛋白表达增加,两者作用均呈浓度依赖性(P<0.01)。结论: 雷帕霉素能诱导内皮细胞发生凋亡并抑制其增殖和迁移能力。TRAIL表达上调与雷帕霉素诱导血管内皮细胞损伤有一定的相关性。     

Opposite effects of two different strains of equine herpesvirus 1 infection on cytoskeleton composition in equine dermal ED and African green monkey kidney Vero cell lines: application of scanning cytometry and confocal-microscopy-based image analysis in a quantitative study

Viruses can reorganize the cytoskeleton and restructure the host cell transport machinery. During infection viruses use different cellular cues and signals to enlist the cytoskeleton for their mission. However, each virus specifically affects the cytoskeleton structure. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the cytoskeletal changes in homologous equine dermal (ED) and heterologous Vero cell lines infected with either equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) strain Rac-H or Jan-E. We found that Rac-H strain disrupted actin fibers and reduced F-actin level in ED cells, whereas the virus did not influence Vero cell cytoskeleton. Conversely, the Jan-E strain induced polymerization of both F-actin and MT in Vero cells, but not in ED cells. Confocal-microscopy analysis revealed that α-tubulin colocalized with viral antigen in ED cells infected with either Rac-H or Jan-E viruses. Alterations in F-actin and α-tubulin were evaluated by confocal microscopy, Microimage analysis and scanning cytometry. This unique combination allowed precise interpretation of confocal-based images showing the cellular events induced by EHV-1. We conclude that examination of viral-induced pathogenic effects in species specific cell lines is more symptomatic than in heterologous cell lines.     

SEPT7基因抑制人胶质瘤细胞系U251MG侵袭的研究

目的 研究SEPT7基因对人胶质瘤细胞系U251MG侵袭的抑制作用及其可能的分子机制.方法 以腺病毒为载体转导SEPT7(rAd5-SEFF7)入U251人脑胶质瘤细胞系;Transwell法和3-D Matrigel法观察U251胶质瘤细胞侵袭能力的变化,划痕实验和2-D Matrigel法观察细胞迁移能力的变化.应用蛋白印记检测MMP2,MMP9,MT1-MMP,TIMP1和TIMP2的表达变化,蛋白印记和免疫荧光检测整合素αvβ3的表达,以及应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察细胞骨架蛋白tubulin-α结构的变化.结果 转染SEPT7后U251MG细胞的侵袭和迁移能力明显受到抑制、细胞MMP2、MMP9、MT1-MMP和整合素αvβ3的表达下调、TIMP1和TIMP2的表达则上调;肿瘤细胞的微管蛋白tubulin-α结构出现了重新分布,发生了扭曲及聚集现象,接近于正常的非肿瘤细胞的tubulin-α结构.结论 SEPT7基因可以抑制胶质瘤细胞的侵袭和迁移能力,其分子机制可能通过逆转MMPs/TIMPs的失衡状态,降低整合素αvβ3的表达,以及改变细胞骨架tubulin-α的结构而实现的.SEPT7可作为基因治疗胶质瘤的重要候选基因.     

The influence of GFP-actin expression on the adhesion dynamics of HepG2 cells on a model extracellular matrix

Integrins belong to a family of important cell surface receptors which mediate the adhesion of most anchorage-dependent cells to nature extracellular matrix (ECM) and biomaterials. It is known that the binding of integrin with ECM proteins triggers mechanochemical responses of cytoskeleton. To date, the intricate interplay between integrin-ECM interaction and cytoskeleton dynamics leading to the regulation of cell morphogenesis on biomaterials remains largely unknown. In this study, green fluorescence protein (GFP)-actins were expressed in HepG2 cells for the temporal visualization of cytoskeletal structure of adherent cells on naturally derived materials. By combining confocal reflectance contrast microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, the adhesion contact dynamics, cytoskeleton remodeling and two-dimensional spreading of intact and GFP-actin expressing HepG2 cells on collagen and fibronectin-coated substrates are simultaneously probed during the initial cell seeding. First of all, our results show that the evolution of adhesion contact of HepG2 cells upon integrin-collagen or integrin-fibronectin interaction is impaired by GFP-actin expression. Also, the initial rate of cell deformation is reduced by 70% and 43% on fibronectin and collagen, respectively, upon GFP-actin expression. Interestingly, the steady-state adhesion energy of HepG2 cells remains unchanged and increases on fibronectin- and collagen-coated substrate, respectively, upon GFP-actin expression. Our highly integrated biophysical approach demonstrates that GFP-actins diffusively concentrate in the cytoplasmic cortex during initial cell seeding while adhesion contact evolves and cell spreads. Kinetics analysis on the adhesion contact formation demonstrates the intricate interplay between cytoskeleton property and ECM proteins in cell adhesion.     

栀子提取物ZG对单纯疱疹病毒1型感染后细胞膜流动性的影响

目的 观察栀子提取物ZG对单纯疱疹病毒1型感染后宿主细胞膜流动性的影响，以探讨其抗病毒作用机理。方法 采用NBD-C6-HPC特异性荧光探针标记Hep-2细胞膜脂质，以肝素钠为阳性对照，借助激光共聚焦扫描技术检测栀子提取物ZG对病毒感染后宿主细胞膜流动性的影响。结果 正常细胞膜具有良好的流动性，漂白后荧光恢复率为73．89％；病毒感染后Hep-2细胞膜流动性显著降低，荧光恢复率为18．54％；栀子提取物ZG作用后细胞膜流动性明显恢复，荧光恢复率为61．21％；肝素钠作用后细胞膜流动性明显恢复，荧光恢复率为56．62％。结论通过改善细胞膜的流动性，从而维持细胞膜的正常功能可能是栀子提取物ZG抗病毒感染的机理之一。     

Lymphocyte-facilitated tumour cell adhesion to endothelial cells: the role of high affinity leucocyte integrins

AIM: Lymphocytes transiently express an active form of the beta_2 integrin LFA-1 (LFA-1Af) which has conformational changes in extracellular domains enabling higher affinity binding to the ligand ICAM-1. In this study, we investigated the role of lymphocytes bearing LFA-1Af as potential mediators of binding of ICAM-1-positive tumour cells to endothelium. METHODS: LFA-1 expression on 51Cr-PBLs was modulated in order to express high affinity LFA-1Af and conjugates were formed with 35S-labelled COLO526. The binding of the conjugates to resting or IL-1beta-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was then assessed via a modified radioactive HUVEC binding assay. In addition, the binding of PBL-COLO526 conjugates to HUVECs was demonstrated by confocal microscopy. RESULTS: The binding of COLO526 to endothelial cells did not change significantly between unstimulated and stimulated HUVECs. In addition, pre-incubating the COLO526 with fresh PBLs did not significantly alter the binding of COLO526 to resting or activated HUVECs; whereas, in the presence of PBLs with LFA-1Af, the COLO526 conjugate binding dramatically increased from basal levels to 41% on resting HUVECs and 81% on stimulated HUVECs. COLO526-PBL(LFA-1Af) conjugate adhesion to stimulated HUVECs was inhibited by blocking antibody to LFA-1 (50%), VLA-4 (32%) or L-selectin (40%). Antibodies to the HUVEC adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin also inhibited COLO526-PBL(LFA-1Af) conjugate binding to activated HUVECs by 79, 60 and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PBLs bearing LFA-1Af can enhance COLO526 adhesion to both resting and activated HUVECs. Furthermore, blocking studies demonstrate that a range of pathways are involved in this phenomenon (LFA-1/ICAM-1, VLA4/VCAM-1, L-selectin/E-selectin). These studies have identified a novel alternative pathway for lymphocyte-facilitated tumour cell adhesion to endothelial cells.     

半乳糖凝集素3对内皮细胞生长、迁移及炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨半乳糖凝集素3(GAL-3)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)生长、迁移及炎症反应的影响及其作用机制。方法:体外培养HUVECs,给予GAL-3重组蛋白2 mg/L或GAL-3短发夹RNA(shRNA)慢病毒载体处理,实验分为正常对照组、GAL-3重组蛋白处理组、阴性对照组和GAL-3-shRNA组。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测GAL-3、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、IL-6、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)和cyclin D1的mRNA水平;利用Western blot检测GAL-3、MCP-1和IL-6的蛋白表达;利用ELISA检测MCP-1和IL-6在培养基中的水平;通过CCK-8实验和划痕实验检测HUVECs的活力和迁移能力;利用Western blot检测信号分子热休克蛋白90(HSP90)、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、JNK和p-JNK的蛋白水平。结果:首先,给予GAL-3重组蛋白处理后,GAL-3、MCP-1和IL-6的mRNA及蛋白水平,MMP-9和cyclin D1的mRNA水平,MCP-1和IL-6在培养基的分泌水平均明显高于正常对照组;而GAL-3-shRNA感染细胞后,上述分子的表达水平均低于正常对照组和阴性对照组。其次,GAL-3重组蛋白处理后,细胞活力和迁移能力明显高于正常对照组;而GAL-3-shRNA感染后,细胞活力和迁移能力均低于正常对照组和阴性对照组。此外,GAL-3重组蛋白处理组中,p-ERK1/2和HSP90的蛋白水平高于正常对照组;而GAL-3-shRNA组中,p-ERK1/2和HSP90的蛋白水平均低于正常对照组和阴性对照组。p-JNK的蛋白水平在各组间比较,差异无统计学显著性。结论:GAL-3促进血管内皮细胞的生长、迁移及炎症反应的发生,其机制可能与HSP90-ERK1/2信号通路有关。     

Comparison of cell interactions with laser machined micron- and nanoscale features in polymer

Control of cell responses to artificial surfaces is a research goal for much of the biomaterials community. The role that the micron scale topography of a surface can play in controlling cell responses has been well documented and recent advances in nanofabrication techniques have lead to an interest in cells' responses to submicron-scale surface features. The study described here compares the relative influences that nanoscale and micron-scale features exert on cells by examining cytoskeletal organisation. Micron-scale structures were generated on the polyamide Kapton using a 193 nm ArF Excimer laser, at 400 mJ/cm2 fluence. Nanoscale features were generated on Kapton using the excimer laser with a phase mask. Osteoblasts were seeded onto surfaces for 24 h, then the cell membranes were detergent-extracted, and the cells were applied with a primary antibody to actin and a colloidal gold-conjugated secondary antibody. Samples to be examined using the confocal were mounted in glycerol, those for electron microscopy were carbon-coated. The organisation of actin was examined on micron- and nano-scale structures by scoring sections for order of branching and angles of branching to relate changes in the cytoskeleton relative to the control. Although there was a strong influence of micron-scale structures, the cytoskeleton of cells on the nanoscale structures were similar to the controls.     

小檗碱对人高转移肺癌细胞与脐静脉内皮细胞黏附的影响

目的： 探讨小檗碱对人高转移肺癌细胞株PG细胞与人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）黏附的影响及其机制。方法：用MTT法检测不同浓度（2.5-40 mg/L）的小檗碱对HUVECs增殖的影响,用2.5、5和10 mg/L小檗碱分别处理人高转移肺癌细胞株PG细胞6、12和24 h, 用虎红染色法测定小檗碱对PG细胞与HUVECs黏附能力的影响, 用荧光抗体染色法测定小檗碱对PG细胞表面黏附分子CD44s表达的影响, 用双光子各向异性度成像系统观察小檗碱对PG细胞膜流动性的影响。结果：（1）2.5、5和10 mg/L小檗碱作用HUVECs 6、12和24 h后对其生长无影响。（2）用不同浓度小檗碱处理PG细胞6、12和24 h后,与TNF-α刺激后的HUVECs相互作用后,能够显著抑制其黏附率,且呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05, P<0.01)。（3）各剂量组的小檗碱均能使PG细胞表面的CD44s分子表达增高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。（4）小檗碱作用PG细胞24 h后能够抑制PG细胞膜的流动性,且随药物浓度的升高这种抑制作用增强。结论：小檗碱对PG细胞与HUVECs的黏附具有抑制作用,可能与小檗碱增加PG细胞表面黏附分子表达、降低其细胞膜流动性有关。     

Vesicle movements are governed by the size and dynamics of F-actin cytoskeletal structures in bovine chromaffin cells

Dense vesicles can be observed in live bovine chromaffin cells using fluorescent reflection confocal microscopy. These vesicles display a similar distribution, cytoplasmic density and average size as the chromaffin granules visualized by electron microscopy. In addition, the acidic vesicles labeled with Lysotracker Red comprised a subpopulation of the vesicles that are visualized by reflection fluorescence. A combination of fluorescence reflection and transmitted light images permitted the movements of vesicles in relation to the cortical cytoskeleton to be studied. The movement of vesicles located on the outside of this structure was restricted, with an apparent diffusion coefficient of 1.0+/-0.4 x 10(-4) microm(2)/s. In contrast, vesicles located in the interior moved much more freely and escaped from the visual confocal plane. Lysotracker labeling was more appropriate to study the movement of the faster moving vesicles, whose diffusion coefficient was five times higher. Using this type of labeling we confirmed the restriction on cortical movement and showed a clear relationship between vesicle mobility and the kinetics of cytoskeletal movement on both sides of the cortical cytoskeleton. This relationship was further emphasized by studying cytoskeletal organization and kinetics. Indeed, an estimate of the size of the cytoskeletal polygonal cages present in the cortical region and in the cell interior agreed well with the calculation of the theoretical radius of the cages imprisoning vesicle movement. Therefore, these data suggest that the structure and kinetics of the cytoskeleton governs vesicle movements in different regions of chromaffin cells.     

VEGF基因转染脂肪干细胞后上清液对皮肤成纤维细胞及脐静脉血管内皮细胞的影响

目的:通过慢病毒将血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因转染于人脂肪干细胞(HADSCs),检测其上清液(CM)中生长因子的表达,并用其上清液作用于人皮肤成纤维细胞(HDFs)及人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),观察对这2种细胞活力和迁移的影响。方法:准备HADSCs、HDFs及HUVECs 3种细胞并鉴定;将携带VEGF165基因的慢病毒转染于HADSCs,定时收集上清液;ELISA法检验上清中生长因子分泌情况;将VEGF-CM与完全培养液以一定比例混合分为5组,分别培养HDFs及HUVECs,CCK-8法检验对2种细胞活力的影响;将最佳比例的VEGF-CM、正常CM(Nor-CM)和完全培养液分别作用于HDFs及HUVECs,划痕法测试出对2种细胞迁移的影响。结果:ELISA结果表明VEGF-CM中VEGF及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的表达均较Nor-CM组提高;相对于其它比例,当完全培养液与VEGF-CM以1∶2的比例混合时,HDFs和HUVECs的活力显著增强(P0.05);VEGF-CM与其它培养液相比可显著提高HDFs和HUVECs的迁移能力(P0.05)。结论:转染VEGF165基因后的HADSCs可同时增强VEGF及bFGF的分泌,其上清液可提高成纤维细胞及血管内皮细胞的活力和迁移能力。     

黄酒对同型半胱氨酸诱导的内皮祖细胞功能障碍的影响

目的:探索同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)诱导的内皮祖细胞(EPCs)的功能障碍能否被黄酒所逆转。方法:密度梯度离心法从大鼠骨髓细胞悬液中获取单个核细胞,将其接种在人纤维连接蛋白包被的培养板,诱导单个核细胞向EPCs分化,孵箱中培养7 d后,收集贴壁细胞用于实验。激光共聚焦显微镜鉴定Di I-ac-LDL和FITC-UEA-I双染色阳性细胞被认定是正在分化的EPCs。上述细胞培养24 h后收集样品,采用MTT比色法、Transwell小室、凋亡试剂盒和体外血管生成试剂盒分别观察EPCs的活力、迁移能力、凋亡和体外血管生成能力。结果:与对照组相比,Hcy干预下EPCs的活力、迁移和体外血管生成能力均显著减弱(P0.01);黄酒或红酒的干预则能明显改善Hcy对EPCs上述功能的影响(P0.01);进一步与对照组比较后,发现黄酒或红酒的干预还能使EPCs的活力、迁移和体外血管生成能力较对照组也有明显改善(P0.05);乙醇组EPCs的上述功能较Hcy组没有明显的变化。各组对EPCs的凋亡没有影响。结论:Hcy能显著减弱EPCs的活力、迁移能力和体外血管生成能力,小剂量的黄酒能改善EPCs的上述功能。     

姜黄素抑制ox-LDL诱导HUVECs凋亡

目的研究姜黄素对氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)凋亡的保护作用及其可能机制。方法体外培养HUVECs,实验分为:对照组、ox-LDL组、ox-LDL加内质网应激(ERS)抑制剂PBA组、姜黄素组、ox-LDL加姜黄素组和ox-LDL加姜黄素加PI3K抑制剂LY294002组。CCK-8法检测细胞存活率;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;激光共聚焦显微镜观察活化转录因子6(ATF6)转位;Western bolt检测ERS相关蛋白:糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、蛋白激酶样内质网激酶(PERK)和肌醇激酶-1(IRE-1)以及相关通路蛋白:LOX-1、AKT和p-AKT的表达。结果与对照组相比,ox-LDL可增加细胞凋亡,提高ERS相关蛋白的表达(P0.01),促使ATF6向核内转位,以及提高LOX-1(P0.01)和降低p-AKT的表达(P0.01);与ox-LDL组相比,PBA可抑制ox-LDL诱导的细胞凋亡(P0.01),姜黄素可抑制ox-LDL诱导的ERS相关蛋白和LOX-1的表达(P0.01),ATF6的核转位,内皮细胞的凋亡(P0.01),同时它还可提高ox-LDL引起的p-AKT表达下调(P0.01);LY294002可部分削弱姜黄素抑制ox-LDL诱导ERS相关蛋白表达的作用(P0.05)。结论姜黄素可降低ox-LDL诱导HUVECs的凋亡,其可能机制是通过抑制LOX-1的表达和激活AKT通路减轻细胞ERS来实现的。     

Involvement of the cytoskeletal elements in articular cartilage homeostasis and pathology

The cytoskeleton of all cells is a three-dimensional network comprising actin microfilaments, tubulin microtubules and intermediate filaments. Studies in many cell types have indicated roles for these cytoskeletal proteins in many diverse cellular processes including alteration of cell shape, movement of organelles, migration, endocytosis, secretion, cell division and extracellular matrix assembly. The cytoskeletal networks are highly organized in structure enabling them to fulfil their biological functions. This review will primarily focus on the organization and function of the three major cytoskeletal networks in articular cartilage chondrocytes. Articular cartilage is a major load-bearing tissue of the synovial joint; it is well known that the cytoskeleton acts as a physical interface between the chondrocytes and the extracellular matrix in 'sensing' mechanical stimuli. The effect of mechanical load on cytoskeletal element expression and organization will also be reviewed. Abnormal mechanical load is widely believed to be a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis. Several studies have intimated that the major cytoskeletal networks are disorganized or often absent in osteoarthritic cartilage chondrocytes. The implications and possible reasoning for this are more widely discussed and placed into context with their potential relevance to disease and therapeutic strategies.