药物涂层支架的研究进展

冠状动脉粥样硬化是导致人类因心脏病死亡的最主要原因,经皮冠状动脉成形术是其主要治疗手段,但是术后再狭窄的发病率高达10%-60%,目前大量研究表明,药物涂层支架能显著降低经皮冠状动脉成形术后再狭窄率,具有广阔的应用前景。就药物涂层支架的最新进展做一综述。     

新一代冠状动脉药物洗脱支架临床应用进展

【摘要】随着心肌缺血的支架介入治疗技术发展,新一代药物洗脱支架（DES）包括EndeavorResolute（美国美敦力公司）、XienceV、XiencePrime（美国雅培公司）及Promus和PromusElement（美国波士顿科学公司）克服了老一代DES的治疗问题,如在冠状动脉介入治疗中,再狭窄、支架血栓形成和死亡风险明显较低。就EndeavorResolute、XienceV、XiencePrime及Promus和PromusElement等药物洗脱支架在临床使用范围、临床治疗效果、安全性等方面进行综述。     

Recent developments in herpesvirus therapy

The antiherpes drugs, aciclovir and ganciclovir, are considered the standard treatments and prophylactic agents for infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Until a decade ago, the impact of aciclovir on the control of severe and life-threatening herpesvirus infections was unprecedented. During the past few years, we have witnessed approval of new therapeutic drugs for infections caused by HSV and VZV (i.e. penciclovir and the oral prodrugs, valaciclovir and famciclovir), CMV (i.e. ganciclovir, cidofovir and fomivirsen) or HSV, VZV and CMV (i.e. foscarnet). A few agents, such as brivudin and benzimidavir, are in ongoing clinical development; others have been suspended because of safety concerns. New antiherpes agents are needed to face clinical issues such as drug resistance, increased use of antiherpes prophylaxis in transplantation and safety concerns in small children or pregnant women.     

Recent developments in prion immunotherapy

Antibody-based immunotherapy may represent a realistic approach against prion diseases, given that antibodies to the cellular prion protein PrPC have been shown to antagonize deposition of the disease-associated prion protein (termed PrPSc) in in vitro assays and in laboratory animals. However, induction of protective antiprion immune responses in wild-type animals is difficult because of host tolerance to the endogenous PrPC. Several studies indicate that it might be possible to overcome tolerance to PrPC and induce immune responses to bacterially expressed, recombinant PrP. However, it is much more difficult to induce antibodies capable of recognizing native cell-surface PrPC, and there is reason to believe that the latter immune responses correlate with anti-prion protection. The difficulties involved in eliciting development of such anti-native PrPC immune responses may be partly intrinsic to B cells and, in addition, may reside in peripheral T helper tolerance.     

Recent developments in diagnostic ultrasound

Ultrasound is being used increasingly in clinical diagnosis throughout the world in many medical specialties. Its major advantages over other imaging modalities are that it is minimally invasive, less expansive, and portable. Its resolution rivals that of X-ray computerized tomography and magnetic resonant imaging. Its limitations are that certain organs, such as lung and bone, are inaccessible by ultrasound, and that certain organs such as heart can only be accessed through limited acoustic windows. In recent years, great advances have been achieved in ultrasound imaging technology that make it even more versatile. Color Doppler flow imaging, parallel processing, Duplex scanning, and transesophageal imaging are just a few examples. In this paper, those developments, among others, are reviewed and their implications in clinical practice are discussed.