高分辨MRI对胸膜病变诊断价值的初步探讨

目的　探讨高分辨磁共振成像 (highresolutionmagneticresonanceimaging ,HR MRI)对胸膜病变的诊断价值。方法　对 5例正常志愿者和 4 4例胸膜病变患者行常规MRI和HR MRI检查 ,对其中 2 0例进行了图像对比噪声比 (CNR)与信号强度比 (SIR)的测量 ,比较分析常规MRI和HR MRI对胸膜病变的诊断价值。结果　HR MRIT1WI对 5例正常人胸壁主要结构的显示情况明显优于常规MRT1WI (P <0 .0 0 5 )。在HR MRI与常规MRI比较中 ,2 0例胸膜病变的CNR及SIR的绝对值前者均高于后者 (P <0 .0 5 )。HR MRI对胸壁或膈肌浸润的发现率较常规MRI要高 ,而对弥漫性胸膜增厚、纵隔胸膜受累和不规则环绕形胸膜增厚的发现率与常规MRI相当甚至更差 ,但上述差异均无显著性意义(P >0 .0 5 )。常规MRI与HR MRI 常规MRI对良、恶性胸膜病变的鉴别诊断的敏感性分别为 72 %、88% ,特异性为 5 3%、75 % ,正确率为 6 8%、84 % ,阳性预测值为 82 %、90 % ,阴性预测值为 4 4 %、6 9%。但常规MRI与HR MRI相结合对良恶性胸膜病变的鉴别诊断价值与单纯的常规MRI比较无明显差异(P >0 .0 5 )。结论　HR MRI提高了图像空间分辨率 ,增加了胸膜病变与肋间肌信号的对比 ,并且可以清楚地显示最内肋间肌及其内侧的胸膜外脂肪线等邻近胸膜的胸壁深层结构 ,有利     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤与结核性脓胸的CT征象分析

目的 探讨CT对恶性胸膜间皮瘤与结核性脓胸的诊断和鉴别诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析22例恶性胸膜间皮瘤及50例结核性脓胸患者的CT检查资料,评估CT对恶性胸膜间皮瘤与结核性脓胸的诊断和鉴别诊断价值.结果 恶性胸膜间皮瘤组与结核性脓胸组对比,规则性胸膜增厚、结节状胸膜增厚、肿块状胸膜增厚、环形胸膜增厚、叶间裂胸膜受累、纵隔胸膜受累及患侧胸廓体积缩小等影像学征象发生率二者差异均具有统计学意义(P =0.000 ～0.03).胸腔积液严重程度、纵隔淋巴结肿大、肺内受累及胸壁受累等影像学征象发生率两组之间未发现统计学差异(P=0.123～1.00).结论 胸膜增厚的形态学特点及患侧胸廓体积缩小等影像学征象有助于恶性胸膜间皮瘤与结核性脓胸的鉴别诊断.     

胸膜间皮瘤的CT诊断

目的:回顾性分析胸膜间皮瘤的CT表现,评估CT诊断胸膜间皮瘤的价值.材料和方法:20例胸膜间皮瘤均经病理证实,其中开胸术14例,全麻下胸膜活检3例,CT导引下经皮穿刺活检1例,胸腔镜下活检2例,均作了CT检查.结果:20例胸膜间皮瘤中,良性6例,恶性14例.局限性结节样或团块状胸膜增厚9例,良性6例,恶性3例;结节或肿块＜5cm6例,其中良性5例;肿块与胸壁夹角为锐角者4例均为良性;平扫及增强密度较均匀者5例,均为良性.11例弥漫性胸膜增厚均为恶性,其中胸膜增厚＞1cm以上9例,环状增厚呈盔甲状5例,纵隔胸膜受侵10例,9例伴有胸水,7例手术证实有胸壁或横膈侵犯.14例恶性胸膜间皮瘤中,Butchard Ⅰ期5例,Ⅱ期5例,Ⅲ期3例Ⅳ期1例.结论:CT能很好地显示病变的部位、形态、大小、密度、范围,与周边组织的关系,有否远处转移,可鉴别病变的良、恶性并对恶性病例进行分期,对临床的治疗有非常重要的指导作用.     

良、恶性胸腔积液的CT鉴别诊断

目的评价良、恶性胸腔积液的CT特征性表现.资料与方法回顾性分析38例恶性胸腔积液和56例良性胸腔积液的CT征象.结果良性积液中,双侧占41.1%,胸膜增厚占19.6%,呈弥漫均匀增厚,纵隔胸膜受累占10.7%,胸膜外脂肪层明确显示占71.4%,厚度＞3 mm占41.1%,平均厚度5.7 mm;恶性积液中,双侧占15.8%,胸膜增厚占57.9%,主要呈不规则弥漫或局限性增厚,累及纵隔胸膜占36.8%,胸膜外脂肪层显示占60.5%,＞3 mm占26.3%,平均2.9 mm.结论单侧、大量积液且张力高,胸膜不规则增厚,纵隔胸膜受累对恶性诊断有特异性;而胸膜无或轻度弥漫规则增厚,胸膜外脂肪层增厚多提示良性.     

胸壁肿块的CT诊断

目的分析胸壁肿块的CT表现,提高其诊断水平。方法 30例临床证实的胸壁肿块患者均经CT平扫,10例又经增强扫描。对所有患者的CT表现进行了回顾性分析。结果在CT像上,胸壁结核(5例)表现为胸壁内软组织密度肿块影;细菌性脓肿(4例),表现为局限性软组织肿块影,密度不均匀;脂肪瘤(4例)表现为胸壁内局限性脂肪密度肿块影;神经源性肿瘤(5例)表现为胸壁内密度均匀、边界清楚的软组织肿块影;血管瘤(1例)表现为左侧胸壁散在条状迂曲的软组织密度肿块影,增强后明显强化;胸膜间皮瘤(3例),其中良性者(2例)表现为局限性胸膜增厚,恶性者(1例)表现为弥漫性胸膜增厚伴胸腔积液;胸膜转移瘤(3例)表现为胸膜结节状增厚;肋骨转移瘤(4例)表现为胸膜结节状增厚;Askin瘤(1例)表现为右侧胸壁内及胸膜处软组织肿块影伴邻近肋骨骨质破坏。结论 CT对胸壁肿块的定位及良、恶性鉴别具有重要价值,尤其64排螺旋CT及其后处理技术更有利于其诊断与鉴别诊断。     

弥漫性胸膜病变的CT鉴别诊断

作者分析了74例证实为弥漫性胸膜病变的CT表现,39例恶性,35例良性,患者年龄为23～78岁,男53例,女21例,其中包括间皮瘤11例,转移瘤24例,淋巴瘤3例,石棉肺16例,脓胸9例,纤维胸8例,放线菌病2例。发现在良恶性胸膜病变的鉴别诊断中下列征象提示恶性:(1)环状胸膜增厚;(2)结节状胸膜增厚;(3)壁层胸膜增厚超过1cm;(4)纵隔胸膜受累。这些征象的     

儿童纵隔神经母细胞瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的 探讨儿童纵隔神经母细胞瘤的CT与MRI表现及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析21例经病理证实的儿童纵隔神经母细胞瘤的CT和MRI表现.19例行CT检查,8例行MRI检查.结果 20例肿瘤位于后纵隔,呈椭圆形或不规则形软组织肿块,突向肺野,边界较清楚.CT平扫示肿瘤密度较均匀12例,密度不均匀7例,15例肿瘤内伴有钙化.13例行增强检查,7例均匀强化,6例不均匀强化.8例MRI检查T1WI示肿瘤呈等或稍低信号,与胸壁肌肉相近,T2 WI呈不均匀稍高信号,3例肿瘤内伴出血、囊变呈混杂信号.结论 儿童患者,CT或MRI检查发现后纵隔肿物,特别是其内伴钙化者,诊断时应首先考虑神经母细胞瘤.     

后纵隔神经节细胞瘤和神经节神经母细胞瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的分析后纵隔神经节细胞瘤和神经节神经母细胞瘤的CT和MRI表现及其诊断.材料和方法分析经手术、病理证实的神经节细胞瘤7例,神经节神经母细胞瘤2例的CT和MRI表现.结果肿瘤常呈半圆形或椭圆形,纵径比横径或前后径长,边缘锐利,1例神经节细胞瘤呈哑铃形.CT示肿瘤实性部分呈等或稍低于胸壁肌密度,囊变部分的密度比脑脊液稍高.T1WI示肿瘤等或稍低于胸壁肌信号,囊变部分稍高于脑脊液的低信号;T2WI呈高信号.结论肿瘤纵径长于其它径是重要征象,CT和MRI能显示肿瘤形态特征,提示诊断.     

良恶性胸腔积液的CT特征

目的 分析良恶性胸腔积液及胸膜增厚的cT表现，探讨两者间的不同特点。方法 分析145例经临床及病理证实的良恶性胸腔积液（良性68例，恶性77例）的CT征象。结果 145例胸腔积液中有115例伴有不同程度的胸膜增厚，根据其形态的不同可分为6种类型（恶性4型，良性2型）。结论 仅凭胸腔积液的密度不能区别其良恶性，胸膜的增厚有鉴别诊断意义，恶性胸腔积液的特点为胸膜明显增厚，一般大于10mm，且厚薄不均匀。良性胸膜增厚较轻，多小于10mm，且均匀一致。     

原发性黑素细胞病变

原发性黑素细胞病变是一组起源于软脑膜黑素细胞的、呈弥漫性或局限性生长的良、恶性肿瘤，包括：①弥漫性黑素细胞增生症；②黑素细胞瘤；③恶性黑素瘤；④脑膜黑素瘤病。可出现交界性或混合性肿瘤。弥漫性黑素细胞增生症的CT和MRI表现为软脑膜的弥漫性增厚、强化。黑素细胞瘤内如含有较多的黑素，则表现为T1WI高信号、T2WI低信号，增强时肿瘤通常出现均匀强化表现。恶性黑素瘤也可表现为T1WI高信号、T2WI低信号．主要取决瘤体内黑素含量和是否伴有出血，增强时肿瘤通常也出现均匀强化表现。脑膜黑素瘤病可以表现为脑内外多发的T1WI高信号、T2WI低信号结节影，增强后可出现脑膜的弥漫性强化和(或)脑内的结节状强化。原发性黑素细胞病变的上述这些影像学表现都是非特异性的。     

Evaluation of pleural disease using MR and CT. With special reference to malignant pleural mesothelioma

Purpose: To evaluate MR imaging and CT in differentiating malignant pleural mesothelioma from other malignancies or benign pleural disease.Material and Methods: Thirty-four patients (18 pleural mesotheliomas, 9 other malignancies, 7 benign pleural diseases) were examined using enhanced CT and MR. Two radiologists reviewed the CT and two others the MR images. Comparisons were made between the diagnostic groups and the imaging methods.Results: The abnormalities commonly found in malignant disease, but significantly less frequently in benign pleural disease, were focal thickening and enhancement of interlobar fissures. In mesothelioma, enhancement of interlobar fissures, tumour invasion of the diaphragm, mediastinal soft tissue or chest wall, were significantly more often observed than in other malignancies and MR was the most sensitive method. In other malignancies, invasion of bony structures was a more common finding and was also better shown by MR. The contrast-enhanced T1 fat-suppressed (CET1fs) sequence detected these features better than other MR sequences.Conclusion: MR, especially the CET1fs sequence in three planes, gave more information than enhanced CT. Focal thickening and enhancement of interlobar fissures were early abnormalities indicating malignant pleural disease. MR could be clinically useful for differentiating mesothelioma from other pleural diseases.     

Computed tomography features in malignant pleural mesothelioma and other commonly seen pleural diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the computed tomography (CT) features of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cases, comparing them to those in other malignant and benign pleural diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the CT findings of 215 patients; 99 with MPM, 39 with metastatic pleural disease (MPD), and 77 with benign pleural disease. The findings were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analysis for differentiation of pleural diseases. RESULTS: In patients with MPM, the most common CT features were circumferential lung encasement by multiple nodules (28%); pleural thickening with irregular pleuropulmonary margins (26%); and pleural thickening with superimposed nodules (20%). In the majority (70%) of cases, there was rind-like extension of tumor on the pleural surfaces. In multivariate analysis, the CT findings of "rind-like pleural involvement", "mediastinal pleural involvement", and "pleural thickness more than 1 cm" were independent findings in differentiating MPM from MPD with the sensitivity/specificity values of 70/85, 85/67, and 59/82, respectively. "Rind-like pleural involvement", "mediastinal pleural involvement", "pleural nodularity" and "pleural thickness more than 1 cm" were independent findings for differentiation of malignant pleural diseases (MPM+MPD) from benign pleural disease with the sensitivity/specificity values of 54/95, 70/83, 38/96, and 47/64, respectively. Invasion of thoracic structures such as pericardium, chest wall, diaphragm, mediastinum, with pleural disease and nodular involvement of fissures, was detected infrequently; however, since these invasions were not seen in benign pleural diseases, it was concluded these invasions, if detected on a CT scan, directly suggested malignancy. CONCLUSION: A patient has extremely high probability of malignant pleural disease if one or more of these CT findings are found and the possibility of MPM is high. These findings may be important for patients in bad state or patients who do not want any invasive biopsy procedures. It is also possible to identify cases with a low probability of malignant disease.     

CT in differential diagnosis of diffuse pleural disease

The CT features of benign and malignant pleural diseases have been described. However, the accuracy of these features in the differential diagnosis of diffuse pleural disease has not been assessed before. Without knowledge of clinical or pathologic data, we reviewed the CT findings in 74 consecutive patients with proved diffuse pleural disease (39 malignant and 35 benign). The patients included 53 men and 21 women 23-78 years old. Features that were helpful in distinguishing malignant from benign pleural disease were (1) circumferential pleural thickening, (2) nodular pleural thickening, (3) parietal pleural thickening greater than 1 cm, and (4) mediastinal pleural involvement. The specificities of these findings were 100%, 94%, 94%, and 88%, respectively. The sensitivities were 41%, 51%, 36%, and 56%, respectively. Twenty-eight of 39 malignant cases (sensitivity, 72%; specificity, 83%) were identified correctly by the presence of one or more of these criteria. Malignant mesothelioma (n = 11) could not be reliably differentiated from pleural metastases (n = 24). We conclude that CT is helpful in the differential diagnosis of diffuse pleural disease, particularly in differentiation of malignant from benign conditions.     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤的MRI评价

恶性胸腺间皮瘤是一种澳凶的胸膜原发肿瘤。本文描述了１５例恶性胸膜间皮瘤的ＭＲＩ表现。所有病人均表现为胸膜增厚、结节或肿块病变包绕患侧肺组织。肿瘤在Ｔ１ＷＩ图像上表现为中等信号，在Ｔ２ＷＩ图像上，则信号强度稍有增高。病变常侵犯纵隔（１０例）、膈肌（３例）、延伸入叶间裂（２例）；ＭＲＩ显示纵隔淋巴腺转移３例。我们认为，当ＭＲＩ发现以胸膜为基底的不规则性胸膜结节或肿块，累及一侧大部分胸腔，同时伴有不同程     

CT在恶性胸膜间皮瘤诊断中的价值

目的探讨CT在恶性胸膜间皮瘤诊断中的价值。资料与方法回顾分析9年来我院经手术或/和病理证实的42例恶性胸膜间皮瘤患者的CT资料,并与12例手术所见作比较。结果结节状或肿块状胸膜增厚(97.6%)是胸膜间皮瘤最常见的CT表现,有诊断性的表现为胸膜增厚>1cm(59.5%),环状胸膜增厚(41.5%),病变累及纵隔胸膜(92.9%)或叶间裂(69.0%),病变侵犯周围胸壁或/和肋骨、纵隔、心包、膈肌等邻近组织或器官(65.9%),1例呈胸内巨大肿块,42.9%病例可见纵隔或/和肺门淋巴结肿大。在CT和手术所见的比较中,CT准确检出了13处(65%)对周围组织或器官的侵犯,漏诊7处(35%)。结论CT在恶性胸膜间皮瘤的诊断、分期上有重要价值,是治疗前的标准诊断方法。     

MR imaging of malignant pleural mesothelioma

The magnetic resonance (MR) findings in three patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma are described. All patients had a circumferential pleural mass surrounding the lung on the affected side. These tumors had a signal of intermediate intensity on T1-weighted images. The T2-weighted images showed a slight increase in signal intensity of the mass, with focal areas of very high signal intensity due to pleural fluid. Adenopathy was demonstrated by CT and MR in two patients. The extent of the tumor and its effects on adjacent structures were well appreciated on the coronal MR images.     

PET for the evaluation of pleural thickening observed on CT.

Early discrimination between benign and malignant pleural diseases is vital for the treatment and prognosis of a patient. Imaging is traditionally performed with CT or MRI, with an accuracy of 50%-75%. PET has proven to be superior as a diagnostic tool in several malignancies. In this prospective study, PET results in patients with pleural abnormalities on CT were compared with histologic results. METHODS: Eligible patients had pleural thickening on CT and were medically fit for surgical diagnostic procedures. All patients underwent PET. Qualitative assessment led to a PET score of 1 (definitely normal), 2 (probably normal), 3 (probably abnormal), or 4 (definitely abnormal). PET scores of 1 or 2 indicated a negative PET finding, whereas PET scores of 3 or 4 indicated a positive PET finding. Pathologic verification techniques included thoracocentesis, thoracoscopy, or open pleural biopsy at thoracotomy. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were enrolled, 19 with malignant and 13 with benign pleural disease. PET was true positive in 18 and true negative in 12 patients, with an accuracy and negative predictive value of 94% and 92%, respectively. PET was false negative in a patient with a slowly growing malignant solitary fibrous tumor and false positive in a patient with infectious pleuritis. Median standardized uptake values calculated for 7 patients with malignant and benign pleural diseases were 6.28 and 1.69, respectively. Patients with a PET score of 1 or 2 survived significantly longer than patients with a PET score of 3 or 4. CONCLUSION: Qualitative assessment of pleural thickening with PET accurately discriminates between malignant and benign pleural thickening, with a high accuracy and negative predictive value.     

磁共振信号强度在胸膜疾病中的诊断意义

目的评价磁共振信号强度在胸膜疾病中的诊断价值.方法48例不同胸膜疾病病人在Philips0.5T扫描仪下行MR检查.成像常规为T1WI、T2WI快速自旋回波扫描,所有病例均在病理证实结合临床资料下得出恶性或良性胸膜疾病的诊断.恶性疾病包括胸膜间皮瘤(n=10)、胸膜转移瘤(n=18),良性疾病包括结核性胸膜炎(n=9)、胸膜肥厚(n=7)、纤维胸(n=1)、脓胸(n=2)和胸膜炎性假瘤(n=1).将各种胸膜疾病T1WI、T2WI上绝对信号强度(ASI),病灶信号与肌肉信号的对比噪声比(CNR),信号强度比(SIR)分别进行测量或计算,判断它们在良、恶性胸膜疾病之间,胸膜间皮瘤与胸膜转移瘤之间是否存在差别.结果ASI在良、恶性胸膜疾病之间,胸膜间皮瘤与转移瘤之间均无显著差异,CNR在良、恶性胸膜疾病之间于T2WI上有差别(P＜0.01),而SIR在良、恶性胸膜疾病之间于T1WI、T2WI上均有极显著差异(P＜0.001),同时,还在胸膜间皮瘤与转移瘤之间于T2WI上存在差别(P＜0.05).结论磁共振信号强度在胸膜疾病鉴别诊断中有重要意义,其中SIR最具有诊断价值.MR信号强度在T2WI上比T1WI上更具有区分不同胸膜疾病的能力.     

Asbestos-related pleural disease: value of dedicated magnetic resonance imaging techniques

OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare respiratory-gated high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radial MRI with ultra-short echo times with computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of asbestos-related pleural disease. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with confirmed long-term asbestos exposure were examined with a CT and a 1.5-T MR unit. High-resolution respiratory-gated T2w turbo-spin-echo (TSE), breath-hold T1w TSE, and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed breath-hold T1w TSE images with an inplane resolution of less than 1 mm were acquired. To visualize pleural plaques with a short T2* time, a pulse sequence with radial k-space-sampling was used (TE = 0.5 milliseconds) before and after administration of Gd-DTPA. CT and MR images were assessed by 4 readers for the number and calcification of plaques, extension of pleural fibrosis, extrapleural fat, detection of mesothelioma and its infiltration into adjacent tissues, and detection of pleural effusion. Observer agreement was studied with the use of kappa statistics. RESULTS: The MRI protocol allowed for differentiation between normal pleura and pleura with plaques. Interobserver agreement was comparable for MRI and CT in detecting pleural plaques (median kappa = 0.72 for MRI and 0.73 for CT) and significantly higher with CT than with MRI for detection of plaque calcification (median kappa 0.86 for CT and 0.72 for MRI; P = 0.03). Median sensitivity of MRI was 88% for detection of plaque calcification compared with CT. For assessment of pleural thickening, pleural effusion, and extrapleural fat, interobserver agreement with MRI was significantly higher than with CT (median kappa 0.71 and 0.23 for pleural thickening, 0.87 and 0.62 for pleural effusion, and 0.7 and 0.56 for extrapleural fat, respectively; P < 0.05). For detection of mesothelioma, median kappa was 0.63 for MRI and 0.58 for CT. CONCLUSION: High-resolution MR sequences and radial MRI achieve a comparable interobserver agreement in detecting pleural plaques and even a higher interobserver agreement in assessing pleural thickening, pleural effusion, and extrapleural fat when compared with CT.