胸腰椎后路经伤椎椎弓根螺钉短节段内固定治疗Denis B型骨折

目的 探讨经胸腰椎后路短节段伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定复位治疗Denis B型胸腰椎骨折的疗效.方法 对收治的36例Denis B型胸腰椎骨折患者行经伤椎短节段椎弓根螺钉复位固定术.受伤节段：T12骨折10例,L1骨折12例,L2骨折9例,L3骨折5例.神经功能Frankel分级：A级0例,B级0例,C级3例,D级13例,E级20例.术前影像学检查示骨折椎体均有楔形变,其下终板及椎体下部保持完整.受伤至手术时间3～6d,平均4d.采用后路短节段伤椎椎弓根螺钉系统进行复位、固定.结果 手术时间90 ～ 120 min,平均110 min;术中出血量200 ～ 400 mL,平均310 mL.术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无严重并发症发生,无脊髓、神经功能加重.36例均获随访,随访时间10～ 30个月,平均18个月.术后2周摄X线片示骨折椎体高度恢复至正常的80％ ～ 95％.脊髓功能术后均有不同程度恢复.结论 胸腰椎后路经伤椎椎弓根螺钉复位固定治疗Denis B型胸腰椎骨折复位效果良好,减少了切口的长度,减少了出血量,尽最大努力保存了患者的活动节段.     

后路减压经椎弓根系统内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折27例分析

目的探讨后路经椎弓根手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效。方法2004年6月至2006年9月,行经椎弓根减压内固定植骨治疗27例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折。其中,男20例,女7例;年龄18~65岁,平均41.7岁;Frankel分级:A级2例,B级2例,C级4例,D级9例,E级10例。行椎弓根螺钉内固定及植骨,椎管受压明显并有神经损伤者同时行经椎弓根减压。结果27例患者均获得随访,时间为6~24个月,平均11.8个月。Frankel分级:A级1例,B级1例,C级2例,D级7例,E级16例。术后摄片示减压充分,后凸畸形纠正。结论在严格掌握手术指征的情况下,经椎弓根减压内固定是一种安全有效的治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的方法。     

后路经椎弓根内固定并植骨融合治疗胸腰椎骨折88例

目的总结后路经椎弓根固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎骨折的治疗经验。方法采用后路经椎弓根固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎骨折88例,按Frankel评分评价手术效果。结果平均手术时间105min,平均术中出血量600ml,随访时间12-22个月,平均17个月：Frankel评分A级18例,B级10例,C级8例,D级4例,E级48例。螺钉植入椎弓根位置的优良率为83.77%,椎体压缩高度恢复优良率为92.86%;椎体后凸角（Cobb法）恢复率97.65%,椎管横切面积复原率98.35%。6枚椎弓根螺钉折断,21枚弯曲,1例连杆折断,6例后期发现Cobb角有平均5°再丢失。结论应用后路经椎弓根固定植骨融合治疗胸腰椎骨折可以获得满意的临床治疗效果。     

椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床分析

目的:分析椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根钉治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法:椎弓根节段固定结合伤椎椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折。结果:本组术后患者腰背部疼痛明显减轻,Frankel分值D级40例改善至E级,伤椎高度均得到不同程度的恢复。结论:椎短节段固定结合伤椎椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折疗效可靠,值得借鉴。     

后路经椎弓根内固定治疗伴脊髓损伤的胸腰椎骨折24例分析

目的探讨后路经椎弓根短节段内固定及融合术治疗伴脊髓损伤的胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法应用后路经椎弓根内固定对24例胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓损伤患者行撑开复位、减压、内固定及植骨融合术,比较神经功能恢复及骨折复位情况来评估疗效。结果24例患者获得10～18个月随访。神经功能按Frankel分级:A级有3例无恢复,其他患者均有1～2级的恢复。23例患者椎体高度基本恢复正常,后凸Cobb角恢复正常。结论对胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓损伤采用经后路椎弓根内固定行撑开复位、短节段固定及植骨融合术,临床效果较好。     

强直性脊柱炎脊柱骨折的临床特征及治疗策略

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎（AS）脊柱骨折的临床特征及治疗策略。方法15例AS脊柱骨折纳入本研究,其中男13例,女2例,年龄29—73岁（平均49．8岁）,AS病程10～45年（平均24．6年）。颈椎骨折6例,2例采用保守治疗;前路植骨融合内固定2例,后路内固定植骨融合1例,后路椎板切除减压、内固定植骨融合1例。胸腰椎骨折9例,7例伴胸腰椎后凸畸形,Cobb角46．106°,平均为64°。胸腰椎骨折采用3种术式：（1）后路经椎弓根椎体截骨、内固定植骨融合3例;（2）前路病灶清除、内固定植骨融合2例;（3）前后路联合手术（一期后路经椎弓根椎体截骨／多节段V形截骨、内固定植骨融合,二期前路病灶清除植骨融合／内固定）4例。结果6例颈椎骨折,3例为经椎间隙的骨折,3例为邻近终板的椎体发生水平骨折。2例保守治疗的患者,均死于肺部感染。1例不全性瘫痪患者,采用后路椎板切除减压、内固定植骨融合术,末次随访时在步行器的帮助下能独立行走,4例采用前／后路内固定手术治疗的患者,末次随访时固定节段骨性融合。9例胸腰椎骨折,3例为邻近终板的椎体发生水平骨折;6例为经椎间隙骨折后假关节形成。7例胸腰椎后凸畸形术后Cobb角22—42°（平均26°）,平均纠正38°;末次随访Cobb角24—44°（平均28°）,丢失2°,末次随访时X片均提示相邻椎体间已骨性融合。结论对于不稳定性AS颈椎骨折,保守治疗效果较差,应积极手术治疗,前／后路手术能有效重建稳定性及实现骨折愈合。对于无胸腰椎后凸畸形AS胸腰椎骨折／假关节,可采用前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定;AS骨折／假关节伴胸腰椎后凸畸形,后路截骨纠正畸形的同时,可促进骨折／假关节的融合;若后路截骨术后椎间隙张开,导致显著的前柱缺损,须行补充性前路植骨融合,以支撑前柱、避免矫形失败。     

钉棒系统治疗胸腰段椎体骨折49例临床分析

目的：总结应用后路钉棒系统内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析后路椎弓根钉棒系统治疗胸腰段椎体骨折49例。观察脊髓功能改善,椎体前后缘高度变化,Cobb角的矫正程度及并发症发生情况。结果：随访6～34个月,椎体平均高度由术前的前缘37．4％和后缘81．2％恢复到术后的前缘95．7％和后缘97．2％,Cobb角由术前平均28．3°恢复为术后平均4．7°。脊髓神经功能明显改善,按FranKel分级除A级5例无改善外,其余均有1～3级的神经功能恢复。结论：后路钉棒系统具有手术相对简单、操作方便、固定可靠等优点,是胸腰段椎体骨折的有效治疗方法之一。     

应用ZH椎弓根内固定器治疗胸腰椎骨折62例疗效观察

对62例应用ZH椎弓根内固定器治疗的胸腰段骨折患者的术前和术后X线、CT等检查结果及功能恢复情况进行分析，观察复位效果及恢复情况。结果：平均随访21个月，骨折椎体高度恢复至94％，椎体高度丢失率为4．6％，脊髓神经损伤者除2例Frankel A级无恢复外，其余均有1～2级的恢复。认为ZH椎弓根内固定器治疗胸腰椎骨折具有创伤小、结构简单合理、操作简便等优点，是一种可供选择的胸腰椎椎弓根内固定系统。     

后路减压内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓损伤

目的探讨后路椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉内固定、椎体支撑重建治疗胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓损伤的方法.方法136例胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓神经损伤患者,后路彻底椎管减压脊髓神经松解,应用椎弓根螺钉内固定,同时在后外侧植骨融合的基础上或附加椎体间植骨融合,或附加骨水泥辅助固定椎弓根螺钉、椎体成形术,或附加椎体间置入Cage支撑融合等,观察神经脊髓损伤恢复情况,骨折脱位复位、融合愈合及内固定取出前高度丢失情况.结果按Frankel神经功能分级恢复评价,术前A级14例有3例恢复至B、C级,B级21例有12例恢复至C、D、E级,C级37例有32例恢复至D、E级,其他都有良好的恢复;椎体前缘高度平均恢复13.8 mm,椎体后缘高度平均恢复3.8 mm,Cobbs,角平均恢复14.20,5例骨折脱位复位不满意,4例内固定失败,14例椎体内固定取出前高度丢失10%～30%,6个月至1年植骨均顺利融合愈合.结论后路椎管减压,脊髓神经松解,椎弓根螺钉内固定,后外侧植骨融合是目前治疗胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓损伤较为理想的方法,骨水泥辅助固定椎弓根螺钉、椎体成形术及椎体间置入Cage支撑融合等,扩大了后路椎弓根螺钉内固定的手术适应证.     

AF椎弓根内固定系统治疗胸腰椎骨折13例报告

目的探讨ＡＦ椎弓根螺钉内固定系统治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法对１３例应用ＡＦ椎弓根内固定系统治疗胸腰椎骨折患者进行回顾性分析。结果１３例患者术前椎体前缘平均压缩５６％,术后平均７％,椎体后缘术前平均压缩８％,术后平均３％。Ｃｏｂｂ＇ｓ角由术前的平均２３°,恢复至术后２．１°。平均随访１年８个月,神经系统功能评定（ＡＳＩＡ法）：除Ａ级１例外,余１２例均提高１～３级。结论ＡＦ椎弓根内固定系统能达到理想复位和固定,并对椎管有一定减压作用,是一种治疗胸腰椎短节段骨折的最佳方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.