胸腺瘤的CT和平片分析

目的　探讨胸腺瘤的X线与CT诊断价值。方法　分析 30例经手术病理证实的胸腺瘤X线和CT表现 ,并与病理对照。结果　 18例非侵袭性胸腺瘤 ,胸片仅发现 15例 ,CT扫描 10例 ,均为前纵隔软组织肿块 ,边界清楚 ,密度均匀。 12例侵袭性胸腺瘤 ,肿瘤侵犯邻近器官 ,CT显示纵隔胸膜受侵 3例 ,心包受侵 2例 ,大血管结构受侵 2例 ,胸膜种植 3例 ,胸腔积液 2例 ,腹腔受侵和纵隔淋巴结转移各 1例 ;胸片仅能显示 1例肿瘤侵犯纵隔胸膜和 1例胸膜种植。结论　CT扫描在胸腺瘤的发现和判别侵袭性方面明显优于X线平片并且是可靠预测胸腺瘤侵袭性的检查方法。     

胸腺瘤的MSCT-病理-临床综合诊断

目的:结合胸腺瘤的影像、病理和临床特点,明确其综合诊断原则及多层螺旋CT在胸腺瘤诊断中的价值.方法:回顾性分析56例经手术及病理证实的胸腺瘤患者的病例资料.所有患者均行常规胸部CT扫描,12例患者行增强扫描.结果:按CT、病理及术中所见综合诊断结果分类,56例胸腺瘤患者中侵袭性胸腺瘤34例、非侵袭性胸腺瘤22例.其中①CT、病理以及术中所见均为非侵袭性22例,均为侵袭性25例;②病理与术中所见均为侵袭性,而CT诊断为非侵袭性6例、阴性1例;③CT检查和病理结果诊断为非侵袭性,而术中所见为侵袭性2例.CT检出胸腺瘤的敏感度为98.21%.结论:胸腺瘤的诊断应遵循影像-病理-临床综合分析判断的原则.CT为早期检出及诊断胸腺瘤的最佳方法.     

右上纵隔增宽的CT诊断价值(附56例分析)

目的探讨X线平片右上纵隔增宽的CT诊断价值。方法分析56例经手术、病理或CT增强扫描、心脏超声证实的右上纵隔增宽X线和CT表现。所有病例均行X线平片和CT平扫,其中51例行CT增强扫描。结果非侵袭性胸腺瘤6例;侵袭性胸腺瘤致上腔静脉综合征2例;胸内甲状腺肿瘤2例;升主动脉或无名动脉迂曲14例;胸主动脉瘤3例;肺动脉狭窄致主肺动脉扩张1例;右位主动脉弓2例;淋巴瘤4例;右肺纵隔型肺癌16例;隐匿型肺癌2例;食管下段癌致胸上段食管明显扩张2例;食管异物继发上纵隔脓肿2例。经CT平扫 增强扫描、手术、病理、心脏超声证实病例数分别为33、10、12、1例。结论CT扫描是诊断右上纵隔增宽的可靠检查方法。     

骨肉瘤的X线平片、CT、MRI诊断

目的:评估X线平片、CT、MRI诊断骨肉瘤的价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析20例经手术病理证实为骨肉瘤的X线平片、CT、MRI表现.结果:20例X线平片均能清楚显示骨肉瘤的基本表现,术前正确诊断17例,误诊3例;CT显示骨肉瘤的骨质破坏及瘤骨优于X线平片11例;MRI显示骨肉瘤的早期骨破坏及周围软组织、病变范围及骨骺(骺板)侵袭、瘤周水肿优于X线平片及CT14例.结论:X线平片是诊断骨肉瘤的首选及基本方法,CT或MRI对提高骨肉瘤的诊断、分期及临床治疗提供全面、准确的影像学资料,尤其MRI对于指导保留骨骺的保肢术的选择具有重要意义.     

侵袭性和非侵袭性胸腺瘤的CT鉴别诊断

目的 :评价CT对侵袭性和非侵袭性胸腺瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法 :由两位放射科医师采用双盲法对 2 9例侵袭性胸腺瘤和 2 4例非侵袭性胸腺瘤进行单独评价 ,分析CT诊断侵袭性或非侵袭性胸腺瘤的可靠性 ,并与手术病理结果对照。结果 :侵袭性胸腺瘤 ( 2 1例 ,占 72 %)较非侵袭性胸腺瘤 ( 7例 ,占 2 9%)有明显的分叶 (P <0 .0 5 )。侵袭性胸腺瘤囊变率 ( 2 3例 ,占 79%)较非侵袭性胸腺瘤 ( 6例 ,占 2 3 %)高 (P <0 .0 1) ;侵袭性胸腺瘤增强后较非侵袭性胸腺瘤有明显强化。结论 :肿瘤边缘分叶或不规则、囊变或坏死、增强前后CT值相差 2 0HU、纵隔脂肪线消失等CT征象提示侵袭性胸腺瘤。     

侵袭性胸腺瘤与非侵袭性胸腺瘤的CT诊断与鉴别

目的：用多层螺旋CT扫描诊断胸腺瘤并评价其侵袭性。资料与方法：对CT诊断为胸腺瘤并经手术病理证实的23个病例进行对照分析。结果：胸腺瘤为前纵膈内类圆形或不规则的软组织肿块，其有否侵袭性主要取决于是否侵犯胸膜，是否累及邻近结构。结论：多层螺旋CT对胸腺瘤的诊断及对其侵袭性的评价有较高价值。     

螺旋CT与X线摄片诊断脊椎骨折的临床价值分析

目的探讨X线平片与CT两种诊断方法在脊椎骨折诊断中的临床价值。方法对72例脊椎骨折患者采用放射X线平片与CT进行检查,并将两种诊断方法分别与手术病理确诊结果进行对比分析。结果 CT诊断方法的椎管狭窄、骨折片移位、椎管容积改变与骨折片突入椎管诊断符合率均明显高于X线平片,且差异具有统计学意义。而两种诊断方法在脊柱曲度改变的诊断符合率方面比较则无明显差异。CT诊断方法的中柱、后柱骨折诊断符合率均明显高于X线平片,且差异具有统计学意义。而两种诊断方法在前柱骨折的诊断符合率方面比较则无明显差异。CT检查对轻度骨折、中度骨折及重度骨折等不同程度脊椎骨折评分明显高于X线平片,且差异具有统计学意义。结论 CT扫描具有很大的优势,但还不能完全取代X线摄片,两者联合使用可提高确诊率。     

肠梗阻的腹部X线平片和CT诊断

目的 :探讨腹部X线平片和CT检查在肠梗阻诊断中的价值。方法 :经手术病理证实的 5 6例肠梗阻病人 ,男性2 9例 ,女性 2 7例 ,平均 4 2 .3± 11.5岁。术后均行腹部CT和X线平片检查。将腹部CT和X线平片表现与手术病理对照 ,分析其在判断肠梗阻有无、部位、类型及病因的准确性。结果 :5 6例肠梗阻中 ,判断肠梗阻的有无 :CT检查诊断 5 5例(98% ) ,X线平片诊断 4 5例 (80 .4 % ) (P <0 .0 5 )。肠梗阻部位的判断 ,CT正确诊断 5 0例 (89.3% ) ,平片正确诊断 38例(6 7.9% ) (P <0 .0 5 )。肠梗阻类型的判断 ,39例单纯机械性肠梗阻 ,CT诊断 36例 (92 .3% ) ,平片诊断 35例 (89.7% )(P >0 .0 5 ) ;10例绞窄性肠梗阻 ,CT诊断 9例 (85 .7% ) ,平片仅 1例做出诊断 (10 .0 % ) (P <0 .0 5 ) ;8例动力性肠梗阻 ,CT诊断 7例 (87.5 % ) ,平片诊断 5例 (6 2 .5 % ) (P >0 .0 5 )。肠梗阻病因的判断 ,CT诊断 5 0例 (89.3% ) ,平片诊断 2 8例(5 0 0 % ) (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :腹部X线平片和CT检查均可准确诊断肠梗阻 ,但在判断肠梗阻的部位、类型和病因方面 ,CT检查优于X线平片。     

CT扫描对侵袭性胸腺瘤的诊断价值

目的　探讨侵袭性胸腺瘤的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法　回顾性分析 13例经手术、病理证实为侵袭性胸腺瘤的CT表现。结果　 13例侵袭性胸腺瘤CT均显示为前纵隔软组织肿块。 10例密度不均 ,肿块不规则侵犯邻近结构 11例。主要表现在胸膜种植 3例 ,心血管结构侵犯 9例 ,以及腹腔受侵 1例。结论　常规CT扫描在侵袭性胸腺瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断中具有重要作用     

长骨骨肿瘤良恶性X线评分系统的临床应用价值

目的:评估自创长骨骨肿瘤良恶性X线评分系统的临床诊断价值。方法:收集126例长骨骨肿瘤或者瘤样病变患者的术前X线平片,利用自创骨肿瘤良恶性X线评分系统进行病变良恶性判断,并与术后病理诊断对比,统计评分系统诊断恶性、侵袭性及良性骨肿瘤的敏感度、特异度及准确度。结果:骨肿瘤良恶性X线评分系统诊断恶性、侵袭性及良性骨肿瘤的敏感度分别为96.88%、56.76%和96.49%;特异度分别为100%、96.62%、76.81%;准确度分别为99.20%、84.92%、85.71%。结论:长骨骨肿瘤良恶性X线评分系统能定量评价骨肿瘤的良恶性,方法简便有效。     

MR imaging of thymoma--comparison with CT, operative, and pathological findings]

Twenty-six patients with thymoma, who had magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) before surgery, were studied. Twenty-six thymomas were classified into 11 non-invasive thymomas (Masaoka's clinical stage I) and 15 invasive thymomas (stage II, III, and IV). On MR imaging compared with histological findings, low signal intensity rim of the tumor was corresponded to fibrous capsule of the tumor, and linear and/or reticular low signal intensity lines in the tumor were corresponded to the fibrous septae dividing thymoma into lobules. The detectability of these findings by MR imaging was superior to that by CT. Margin of the tumor was smooth in non-invasive thymoma rather than invasive thymoma. The diagnostic accuracy of invasion to vessel, and pleura or lung on MR imaging and CT was compared with operative and histological findings. MR imaging was same as CT in its ability to detect tumoral invasion to vessel, and slightly superior to pleura or lung. In conclusion MR images clearly show the findings corresponding to pathologic specimens, and MR imaging combining with CT is useful to differentiate non-invasive thymoma to invasive thymoma.     

甲状旁腺功能亢进骨病临床及影像学诊断

目的 进一步探讨甲状旁腺机能亢进（HPT）致骨改变的影像学诊断。方法收集1987年至2004年经手术病理和实验室检查证实的12例HPT患者骨关节影像学检查资料，并相互对照。结果根据是否合并纤维性骨炎分为2型：Ⅰ型为单纯骨质疏松／软化型，本型检查中CT不能比平片提供更多的信息；Ⅱ型为合并纤维性骨炎型。CT在显示纤维性骨炎部位、内部结构和骨髓受累方面优于平片。结论组织学分型与骨的影像学表现密切相关。CT在纤维性骨炎显示方面优于平片。     

Thymoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Thymoma is the most common primary neoplasm of the thymus. The majority of thymomas are encapsulated masses and exhibit a benign behavior. Less frequently, thymomas may be locally invasive, or rarely they may metastasize to distant sites. The usual clinical presentation is that of an anterior mediastinal mass found incidentally in an asymptomatic patient. The variable gross features of thymoma and the potential for local invasion result in a variety of radiologic appearances. The most common radiologic manifestation is a rounded, soft-tissue mass of the anterior superior mediastinum. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging typically show a prevascular mediastinal mass of variable size and may be helpful in the evaluation of adjacent structures in cases of invasive thymoma. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be used adjunctively to surgery in the treatment of invasive tumors. The prognosis of encapsulated thymoma is generally favorable. Invasive tumors are associated with a worse prognosis but may respond to radical resection.     

白血病并发侵袭性肺曲霉菌感染的放射学诊断

目的：探讨白血病并发侵袭性肺曲霉菌（IPA）感染的X线及CT表现特征,提高对该病的认识。方法：回顾性分析经病原学及病理组织学证实为IPA的52例白血病患者的临床及影像资料,全部病例均常规做胸部X线及MSCT检查,其中48例做了2次以上的X线及CT复查。结果：本组IPA病灶形态多样化,表现为多发斑片及片状影12例,单发或多发小结节状影18例,出现“晕环”征14例,肺内肿块影9例,胸膜下楔型实变影5例,曲菌球及空气新月征8例,同时存在两种或两种以上表现39例,X线胸片和CT的病灶检出率分别为88．5％及100％。结论：IPA是白血病患者最常见并发症,早期出现的“晕环”征及中晚期出现的“空气新月征”较具特征性,对诊断有重要的参考价值,需密切结合临床及实验室检查。     

恶性胸腺瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的：分析侵袭性胸腺瘤及胸腺癌的CT及MRI表现，探讨其鉴别诊断要点。方法：复习经病理组织学证实的18例侵袭性胸腺瘤及9例胸腺癌的CT、MRI所见，重点观察肿瘤的大小、密度、边缘改变，对周围纵隔结构的侵犯。结果：18例侵袭性胸腺瘤、9例胸腺癌CT、MRI均表现为前纵隔不规则软组织肿块。前者肿瘤直径大于8cm者15例（83％），病灶内密度及信号不均匀12例。心血管受侵16例，后者肿块直径在8cm以上者7例（77.8％),肿块内密度及信号不均6例，心知管受累8例，纵隔肺门淋巴结转移1例，肺内转移3例，双侧肾上腺及肝脏转移1例。结论：虽然侵袭性胸腺瘤和胸腺癌的影像学表现相似，但胸腺癌更具有侵袭性，胸外转移常见，病理组织学检查有助于两者的鉴别。     

纵隔肿瘤定性诊断中值得重视的几种X线征象

通过对２１８例经病理学证实的纵隔肿瘤影像学资料（全部有胸部正、侧位片，８９例加作ＣＴ扫描，７例加作ＭＲＩ检查）的分析，讨论了５种对纵隔肿瘤平片定性诊断有价值的Ｘ线征象。立舌征提示胸腺瘤；倒置三角形征提示胸内甲状腺；肺尖圆球征提示后纵隔神经源肿瘤；攀藤征见于前纵隔者提示胸腺瘤，见于中纵隔者提示脉管性肿瘤；蛋壳样钙化征见于前纵隔者提示胸腺瘤，见于纵隔中上区者提示胸内甲状腺。     

Thymic lesions and myasthenia gravis. Diagnosis based on mediastinal imaging and pathological findings

Purpose:
To achieve a better understanding of the role of CT and MR imaging in the study of the mediastinum in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Material and Methods:
Mediastinal CT and MR findings were correlated with the histopathological results in 104 thymectomized MG patients. Results:
CT was performed in 104 patients; in 11 of them, MR was also carried out. 44 patients had hyperplasia at histology. On CT, thymic hyperplasia was confirmed in 16 cases, thymoma was diagnosed in 10 and a normal thymus in 18 (sensitivity 36%, specificity 95%). Of 52 patients with thymoma at histology, CT showed thymoma in 46, hyperplasia in 1, and normal thymus in 5. CT showed 88.5% sensitivity and 77% specificity for thymoma. In 10 patients with invasive thymoma, CT was indiscriminate, while invasiveness was detected in 7 cases at MR (70% sensitivity) and at CT in 1 case. Both CT and MR detected tumor recurrence in 5 cases, but the exact localization and degree of invasion were best defined by MR. Conclusion:
In MG patients CT is a sensitive, specific and efficient modality for detecting thymoma, but is less so for detecting thymic hyperplasia. MR was shown to be accurate in detecting invasive thymoma both preoperatively and in postoperative follow-up.