绝经后妇女血清瘦素水平及其影响因素

目的探讨绝经后妇女血清瘦素水平及其影响因素。方法绝经后妇女85名,按体重指数(BMI)分为两组,正常组BMI<23kg/m2;超重及肥胖组BMI≥23kg/m2。测腰围、臀围、腰臀比、BMI、体脂量、空腹血清瘦素、空腹和2h血糖和胰岛素、总胆固醇及甘油三酯。结果超重及肥胖组血清瘦素水平较体重正常组显著升高(P<0.001);单因素分析显示绝经后妇女血清瘦素水平与体重(r=0.527,P<0.001)、腰围(r=0.436,P<0.001)、臀围(r=0.543,P<0.001)、BMI(r=0.546,P<0.001)和体脂量(r=0.542,P<0.001)均显著相关。多元线性逐步回归分析显示只有臀围是影响瘦素的独立因素(r=0.591,P<0.001)。结论臀围是影响绝经后妇女血清瘦素水平的主要因素。     

血清脂联素水平降低是代谢综合征的特征性标志

目的探讨上海地区中国人血清脂联素水平与代谢综合征(MS)的关系。方法527例年龄≥20岁的上海地区中国人,检测体重指数(BMI)、局部体脂(腰围)、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖负荷后2h血糖(2hPG)、血脂谱及血压,采用放射免疫分析法测定胰岛素及血清脂联素水平。根据2004年中华医学会糖尿病学会提出的关于MS的定义分为无代谢异常组、1~2项代谢异常组及MS组。结果①MS组的血清脂联素水平为(8.93±0.49)mg/L,显著低于无代谢异常组的(12.99±0.66)mg/L和1~2项代谢异常组的(11.50±0.45)mg/L(P值分别=0.0002和0.0003)。而无代谢异常组与1~2项代谢异常组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。②Pearson相关分析表明,血清脂联素水平与BMI、腰围、腰臀比、FPG、2hPG、空腹胰岛素(FIN)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)均成显著负相关(P<0.02或0.0001),并与性别、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇成显著正相关(P<0.001)。③以血清脂联素为应变量的logistic回归分析显示,BMI、HOMA-IR及MS与血清脂联素水平明显相关。结论血清脂联素水平降低是MS的特征性标志之一。     

单纯性肥胖及2型糖尿病患者脂联素水平的研究

目的:探讨脂联素与单纯性肥胖及2型糖尿病的关系。方法:分别测定单纯性肥胖组、2型糖尿病组和正常对照组的体重指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围、瘦素(leptin)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FBS)、血脂和脂联素水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果:单纯性肥胖组和2型糖尿病组的脂联素水平较正常对照组明显降低,脂联素与BMI、腰围、腰臀比、FBS、FINS、HOMA-IR均呈明显负相关,脂联素能较好的预测BMI和腰围。结论:脂联素在单纯性肥胖及2型糖尿病中表达水平降低,脂联素降低易导致中心性肥胖和胰岛素抵抗。脂联素水平在一定程度上能预测肥胖的发生发展。     

脂肪细胞因子与肥胖的关系

目的:研究脂肪细胞因子chemerin?血清瘦素?抵抗素?脂联素水平及其相互关系,探讨肥胖的发生发展机制?方法:通过体格测量测定正常对照组和肥胖组的腰围?臀围;另通过生化法检测瘦素?抵抗素?脂联素?chemerin的水平?空腹血糖(FBS)?胆固醇(TC)?甘油三酯(TG)?低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)?高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)?空腹胰岛素(FINS),同时计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)?结果:①肥胖组血清抵抗素?瘦素及chemerin水平高于正常对照组,而脂联素水平明显降低(P < 0.05);②相关性分析显示血清抵抗素?chemerin与脂联素呈负相关而与腰围?腰臀比?瘦素呈正相关?结论:肥胖患者抵抗素及瘦素?chemerin明显升高,而脂联素降低,其表达水平与肥胖类型(尤其中心性肥胖)及程度密切相关?     

高血压合并糖尿病患者的血清瘦素、脂联素检测分析

目的:探讨高血压合并糖尿病患者血压、血糖水平与血清瘦素浓度、脂联素浓度的相关性。方法:分别应用放射免疫分析和ELISA法,对55例高血压合并糖尿病患者及38例单纯高血压患者进行血清瘦素和脂联素测定,同时测定血压、血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数、体质量指数(腰围/身高比值),并与30例健康者做比较,分析素数、脂联素与高血压、高血糖、肥胖及胰岛素抵抗的关系。结果:高血压合并糖尿病组患者的血清脂联素水平低于单纯高血压组,且两组血清脂联素水平均明显低于正常人组;高血压合并糖尿病组与单纯高血压组患者血清瘦素水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组血清瘦素水平均明显高于正常人组。结论:血清脂联素浓度与血压水平及血糖水平呈负相关,血清瘦素水平与血压水平呈正相关,与血糖升高无关联,但与肥胖有关,血清脂联素对于胰岛素抵抗的影响程度明显大于血清瘦素。     

老年2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素、瘦素水平与糖脂代谢异常相关性临床研究

【目的】探讨血清脂联素、瘦素在老年2型糖尿病和2型糖尿病伴肥胖患者的水平及其与糖脂代谢异常的相关性。【方法】对140例居住在天津的被检者采集病史、进行体格检查并留取血清测定其血糖、胰岛素、瘦素、血脂和脂联素的水平。【结果】老年2型糖尿病合并肥胖组与老年2型糖尿病组之间的血浆脂联素水平存在显著性差异,且二者均低于对照组,其瘦素水平显著高于非老年对照组;老年与非老年对照组之间的血浆脂联素水平无显著性差异。简单相关分析提示脂联素与腰围、空腹和餐后1 h和2 h血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数、瘦素负相关,与高密度脂蛋白正相关;采用逐步回归法分析,校正其它参数,腰围、瘦素和空腹血糖为影响脂联素水平的独立因素。【结论】老年2型糖尿病患者的血浆脂联素水平降低,在肥胖、2型糖尿病、瘦素、胰岛素和脂联素之间可能存在互动的相关性。     

肥胖症儿童血浆脂联素与胰岛素水平的相关性

目的探讨血浆脂联素和胰岛素水平与儿童肥胖症发病的关系。方法选择2004～2007年于我院初诊并住院诊治的肥胖儿童40例和健康儿童50例,设为肥胖组及对照组。测定两组的空腹血清脂联素、胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇、血糖和胰岛素,并分析脂联素与体重指数（BMI）、血脂、血糖和胰岛素的相关性。结果①肥胖组血浆脂联素低于对照组（P〈0.01）;肥胖组的血糖和胰岛素水平显著地高于对照组（P〈0.01）;②肥胖儿童的血脂各指标与对照组相比,LDL-C和TG明显高于对照组（P〈0.05、〈0.01）;③相关性分析：血浆脂联素与BMI,TG,空腹血糖,空腹胰岛素呈负相关（P〈0.01）。结论脂联素水平的变化与儿童肥胖症的发病有关,是影响空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平的重要因素。     

单纯性肥胖患者血清瘦素、抵抗素和脂联素水平的研究

目的：探讨单纯性肥胖患者血清瘦素、抵抗素和脂联素水平的变化及意义。方法：分别测定单纯性肥胖组患者和正常对照者的体质指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、臀围、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、空腹血糖（FBG）、血脂、瘦素、抵抗素和脂联素的水平，计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果：①与正常对照组相比，单纯性肥胖组脂联素水平明显降低，瘦素及抵抗素水平明显升高（P〈0．01）。②瘦素和抵抗素均与BMI、WC、FINS和HOMA-IR呈正相关，与脂联素呈负相关；脂联素则仅与高密度脂蛋白呈正相关，与BMI、WC、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白呈负相关；瘦素与抵抗素呈正相关，而脂联素与瘦素及抵抗素呈负相关。③脂联素和抵抗素能较好地预测BMI和WC。结论：脂联素降低、瘦素和抵抗素升高易导致中心性肥胖和胰岛素抵抗。脂联素、抵抗素水平可能是肥胖发生的预测指标。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者血清脂联素、瘦素水平的变化及相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者的血清脂联素、瘦素水平的变化,以及与其他危险因素的相关性。方法:选取92例非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者和98例健康查体者作为对照组,测定其体重、BMI、腰围、血糖、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、胰岛素抵抗(IRI)、脂联素、瘦素水平,调查其饮食习惯,分析上述变量与脂肪肝的相关性。结果:NAFLD患者血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、LDL、胰岛素、瘦素水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),但血清HDL和脂联素水平则明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:NAFLD患者中存在低脂联素水平和高瘦素水平。体重、BMI、腰围、血糖、TC、TG、LDL、胰岛素抵抗、瘦素和不良饮食习惯(高脂饮食)与NAFLD正相关,HDL、脂联素和IRI则与NAFLD负相关。     

维哈两民族肥胖与部分脂肪细胞因子的关系研究

目的:研究维吾尔、哈萨克两民族超重肥胖人群血清脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素含量的变化.方法:酶联免疫吸附法测定血清二种脂肪细胞因子水平;测定空腹血糖及血脂水平;测量身高、体重、腰围及血压.结果:维吾尔族肥胖组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白含量高于正常组;肥胖组与正常组相比,血清脂联素含量降低,瘦素和抵抗素含量升高.哈萨克肥胖组甘油三酯含量高于正常组;肥胖和超重组仅血清瘦素含量高于正常组.结论:两民族肥胖人群脂肪细胞因子和脂代谢紊乱程度不同,两民族肥胖在2型糖尿病发病中的作用不同.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.