经络电学特性的初步研究

将矩形波电压加到人体的两个穴位上,它们的电流波形是一些尖脉冲,根据经络的生物实体,提出了一个新的等效电路。发现流经经络的电流波形含有丰富的生命信息,探讨了其临床应用前景。     

铜绿假单胞菌粘附对肠上皮细胞膜生物物理特性的影响

严重烧 (创 )伤后肠道细菌移位并致感染这一现象已被公认。细菌移位的第一步是其粘附于肠粘膜上皮细胞 ,进而定植于肠粘膜表面 ,随后侵入肠系膜淋巴结 ,最终播及全身。铜绿假单胞菌是肠道细菌移位的主要菌群之一。为了更好的了解铜绿假单胞菌粘附于肠上皮细胞表面后细胞膜的一系列变化 ,本研究拟从体外铜绿假单胞菌粘附肠上皮细胞模型入手 ,探索粘附后细胞膜生物物理特性的变化规律及可能的机制。研究采用大鼠肠上皮细胞株ＩＥＣ 6体外培养模型 ,实验分为铜绿假单胞菌粘附组和对照组 ;分别采用ＭＴＴ四唑盐法测定细胞活力、生化法检测细胞膜…     

网织红细胞膜生物物理特性的研究

用苯肼使动物造成急性溶血性贫血的方法，诱发动物体内新生网织红细胞大量增多，通过对新生网织红细胞的电泳率、渗透脆性、膜的流动性等生物物理指标连续72h的测量，发现网织红细胞在由网织红细胞转变为成熟红细胞的过程中．其生物物理特性有明显改变。这对研究由于贫血等原因造成的网织红细胞增多情况下，全血的微观流变学特性具有重要的临床意义，同时对新生网织红细胞膜的生物物理特性加以系统研究，具有重要的基础理论研究价值。     

改变皮肤角质层厚度对其伏安特性的影响──对经络循行线低阻抗特性肌理的研究

使用透明胶带逐层剥离皮肤角质层，使其变薄。用自行研制的伏安特性测量仪表对未剥离、５次剥离、１０次剥离和２０次剥离的皮肤进行测定，结果发现伏安曲线都存在一个电阻突然降低的击穿点及对应的击穿功率阈值（ＶＩＢ），而随着剥离次数的成倍增加，ＶＩＢ明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１，ｎ＝２０）。笔者的分析表明，经络的低阻抗现象可能与ＶＩＢ和角质层的厚度有关。     

基于电流逆灌注法的经络可视化研究

提出一种研究经络的新方法,通过给经络注入电流,研究电流在体内的分布,并利用数学重建的方法进行成像研究.根据经络的低流阻特性和生物物理特性,建立人体臂部的简化物理模型.应用差值成像的方法,分别从经络口(低阻点)和经络口附近的非经络口注入电流,并采用有限元方法和Comsol软件进行电磁场仿真,从而得出该模型的灵敏度矩阵.在此基础之上,采用动态成像原理及截断奇异值分解正规化算法,在一个横截面上进行边界电压值的测量,根据边界电压值的差值,重建经络模型的电导率分布.     

改变皮肤角质层厚度对其伏安特性的影响——对经络循行线低…

使用透明胶带逐层剥离皮肤角质层，使其变薄。用自行研制的伏土改一测量仪表对未剥离、５次剥离、１０次剥离和２０次剥离的皮肤进行测定，结果发现伏安曲线都存在一个电阻突然降低的击穿点及对应的击穿功率阈值（ＶＩＢ），而随着剥离次数的成倍增加，ＶＩＢ明显下降。笔者的分析表明，经络的低阻抗现象可能与ＶＩＢ和角质层的厚度有关。     

模拟微重力对大鼠关节软骨力学特性的影响

目的基于大鼠尾吊实验,研究模拟微重力对关节软骨组织力学特性的影响。方法通过14 d的尾吊实验建立模拟微重力作用的大鼠模型,获得12块后肢大腿骨关节处软骨样本,运用高频超声测量技术获取大鼠关节软骨特定位置因自由膨胀引起的组织应变,基于三相模型估计软骨组织的轴向弹性模量,并比较尾吊组和对照组大鼠关节软骨的力学特性。结果尾吊组大鼠后肢特定测量位置处软骨厚度的平均值略小于对照组,但差异不显著;尾吊组大鼠特定位置关节软骨组织的平均轴向弹性模量为(5.05±2.98)MPa,小于对照组((6.31±3.37)MPa),两者存在着显著差异(P<0.05)。结论微重力环境会影响关节软骨组织的力学特性,本研究结果为人类长期的太空活动提供参考信息。     

312经络锻炼法对中老年高血压患者的疗效观察

目的探讨"312"经络锻炼法(简称"312")对高血压病的近、中期疗效的研究。方法对100例原发性高血压病患者,进行教、学、练、督导312。自身对照分组,312前为对照组,312后为试验组。②312前及后第2,5,9,12个月分别追踪其症状、体征、血压、用药、疗效等指标的变化,观察数据比较,分析总结。结果血压：100例高血压病患者,其血压于312后2,5,9,12个月与312前比较,各均有显著差异,<0.01(表1)。结论①312的特点：自治、全治、根治,长期坚持312,对高血压病及其它病症均具有显著效果。②形势和任务：适合目前国情,奉献这一简单、有效、无副作用、经济实惠的医疗保健法给全国13亿人民,为民造福。     

水凝胶创伤修复研究中应用的小型猪模型

背景:小型猪因皮肤组织结构、心血管系统等与人高度相似,所以常被应用于皮肤损伤、血管创伤与美容医学等研究领域。水凝胶作为创伤修复敷料拥有较强的保水性和黏附性等多种优异理化性质,能够为伤口提供隔离湿润和药物释放作用。目的:归纳和总结水凝胶治疗小型猪不同实验用途创伤修复模型的应用进展,揭示各类小型猪创伤修复模型的发展现状,分析现阶段小型猪创伤修复模型的不足。方法:查阅Web of Science数据库及中国知网从数据库建立至2023年发表的相关文献,设置中文检索词为“小猪,小型猪,微型猪,迷你猪;凝胶,水凝胶;创伤,损伤,伤口,创口”等,英文检索词为“miniature Swine,miniature pig,minipig;gel,hydrogel;injury,wound,lesion,incision”等。共检索到438篇中、英文文献,通过纳入和排除标准共纳入59篇文献进行探讨。结果与结论:(1)目前用于创伤修复的模型主要有大型动物物种(犬和猪)、兔子及啮齿类动物(大鼠和小鼠),由于小型猪皮肤结构与人类较相似,因此小型猪是创伤修复理想的动物模型。(2)在体外皮肤损伤模型中,皮肤缺损模型...     

微柱凝胶法检测疾病对ABO血型抗原的影响及血清学特性分析

目的：探讨疾病对ABO血型抗原性的影响及其血清学特性分析。方法：应用微柱凝胶法、单克隆抗体血型分型试剂和RBC试剂，对100例患者和30例献血员的RBC（检测抗原）和血清（检测抗体）进行正反定型，测定血型抗原性和抗体效价。对血型抗原性极度减弱导致血型鉴定困难的患者血液，进行吸收放散、血型物质测定、不规则抗体筛选和抗球蛋白试验。结果：100例患者中血型抗原性减弱者占24％，其中自血病患者占40％（12／30），恶性肿瘤患者占36．67％（11／30），其他疾病患者占2．50％（1／40）。抗原性减弱在ABO血型中的分布：A型为40．48（17／42），B型为16．67％（5／30），O型为7．14％（2／28）；献血员血型抗原性减弱者为3．33％（1／30）。100例患者中血清血型抗体效价降低者2％，献血员血清血型抗体效价降低者为0％。结论：白血病和恶性肿瘤对血型抗原性的影响较其他疾病大，患者ABO血型抗原性减弱正定型时容易导致血型误判，但其血清中仍存在着规则的抗A或抗B抗体，唾液中含有血型物质，应用微柱凝胶法进行正反定型，同时进行吸收放散试验和血型物质的测定，能提高血型检测的准确性.     

黏附于血管壁表面的白细胞在稳定剪切流动下发生变形的生物力学模型

白细胞与血管表面的黏附是重要的生物医学工程问题，引起了学者们的广泛研究。我们用复合液滴来模拟黏附于血管表面的白细胞，根据二维计算流体动力方法研究了流体切应力作用下白细胞黏附引起的压力分布。同时，通过引入“变形指数”的概念，研究稳定剪切流动下白细胞变形的生物力学特性，数值结果表明：（1）随着初始接触角，毛细血管数，外界流场雷诺数的增大，细胞的变形也增大，而细胞浆比细胞核更易于变形，表明细胞核更能耐受切流动；（2）当切应力增大到一定值时，细胞不能进一步变形，变形指数达到峰值；（3）压力分布曲线表明，在细胞的下游形成一个高压区，提供促使细胞受力达到平衡的升力，从而阻止了细胞的进一步变形，我们关于细胞核变形的结果有助于理解白细胞如何将外界流体作用力（如切应力）等力学信号向核内转导的生物力学机理。     

缺血性脑卒中后癫痫发作的临床特点及治疗研究

缺血性脑卒中在脑血管疾病中较为常见,其发病率在神经科中高居首位,致残率与致死率均较高,患者多为中老年人,发病后对患者的健康与安全均危害严重。伴随着人口老龄化的加剧,脑血管疾病患病率不断升高,导致缺血性脑卒中后癫痫的患病风险也相继提升。尽管近年来临床对于脑卒中疾病管理方面取得明显进步,但关于脑卒中后癫痫疾病相关问题的研究资料仍缺乏,对其疾病发生机制以及治疗方面仍需不断进行研究。而临床上依据脑卒中后癫痫首次发作时间将其划分为早发性与迟发性两种,对于早发性癫痫主张服用抗癫痫药物终止疾病发作,并不建议长期用药,大部分迟发性癫痫患者需长期用药,方能有效控制疾病,但不论是早发性或迟发性癫痫发作,通过合理抗癫痫药物治疗,大部分患者均可取得理想的控制效果。本研究针对缺血性脑卒中后癫痫发病机制与治疗进展等展开系统分析,旨在为缺血性脑卒中后癫痫发作的临床治疗提供科学的理论依据。     

不同环境经历首发精神分裂症临床特征对比分析

目的 探讨不同环境经历首发精神分裂症患者临床特征的差异。方法 将42例外出务工人员和40例农村未出外人员首发精神分裂症患者的临床资料及入院时BPRS评分进行比较分析。结果 发现外出务工人员发病至就诊时间较短,诊断分型上以偏执型为多。临床症状以被害妄想较多（P〈0.05）,而兴奋躁动较少（P〈0．01）。结论 不同环境经历首发精神分裂症患者临床特征有一定差异。     

人颅骨粘弹性的分数阶模型研究

利用Riemann-Liouville分数阶微积分算子及理论，将标准的整数阶St.Venant力学模型推广至它的分数阶形式；根据Boltzmann迭加原理，应用离散化求逆Laplace变换的方法以及H-Fox函数，得出了分数阶St.Venant模型的应力松弛函数和蠕变函数的解析表达式，并分别与现有的人颅骨粘弹性实验数据相拟合。结果表明，分数阶的St.Venant模型比标准的整数阶St．Venant模型能够更有效地刻画人颅骨的粘弹性的应力-应变本构特性。     

基于改进离散曲线演化模型的牙齿三维特征点提取方法研究

在牙种植技术中,牙齿特征点的有效提取对后续的三维配准和重建具有重要的意义,现有方法的计算效率比较低;论文改进了离散曲线演化算法,采用曲线特征因子量描述牙齿CT各断层图像边缘曲线的复杂性,并根据曲线特征因子量自适应确定不同层间图像边缘曲线特征点提取的数目,以降低数据存储的冗余量,提高特征点的提取效率;用改进的离散曲线演化算法对牙齿不同层的临床CT图像提取特征点,并将实验结果与现有离散曲线演化算法的结果进行比较。结果表明,改进方法在提取每层CT图像特征点所需时间约为原算法的50%,同时提取的特征点数约为原算法的80%。将改进方法提取的特征点按不同比率进行三次样条曲线插值并进行后期重建,其重建效果能很好地反映牙齿的真实结构。因此,改进方法的计算效率远高于离散曲线演化算法,在牙齿种植领域中具有临床应用前景。     

Evaluation of a Drift Flux Model for Simulating Submicrometer Aerosol Dynamics in Human Upper Tracheobronchial Airways

In this study, a hybrid drift flux velocity correction (DF-VC) model that accounts for both submicrometer particle diffusion and inertia was extended to transient conditions and was tested against existing experimental deposition data measured in a replica cast of the human tracheobronchial (TB) region for laminar and turbulent flow. To evaluate the effectiveness of the DF-VC model, deposition results were compared with a standard chemical species (CS) approach that neglects particle inertia. A numerical model of the TB cast was constructed from CT images and extended from the larynx to approximately the sixth respiratory generation. Experimentally determined inlet and outlet flow conditions were implemented in the computational model to ensure direct comparisons between simulations and measurements for the deposition of 40 and 200 nm particles. A low Reynolds number k–ω turbulence model was employed to resolve the laminar and turbulent flow regimes that coexist in the TB geometry. Interesting flow characteristics were observed due to the presence of the larynx, asymmetrical ventilation, and left-right asymmetry, which created a right-skewed laryngeal jet and flow reversal in the trachea that persist over a majority of the transient flow cycle. In comparison with the CS model, deposition results of the DF-VC approach persistently agreed better with experimental findings on a total and sub-branch basis, which indicated that the DF-VC model effectively captured the influence of finite particle inertia. For the submicrometer aerosols considered, transient flows were observed to increase deposition arising from impaction and decrease deposition arising from diffusion on a total and segmental basis compared with steady state conditions. However, the maximum deposition enhancement factor was significantly increased under transient conditions for both 40 nm (factor of 2) and 200 nm (factor of 7) aerosols. Results of this study indicate that a drift flux particle transport model with near-wall velocity corrections can provide an effective continuous-field approach for simulating the transport and deposition of submicrometer respiratory aerosols in human upper TB airways.     

高速投射物所致模拟循环管内流体动力效应的实验研究

本文在建立模拟动力循环管路内主要动力学参数实验模型的基础上，观测了高速投射物距掸击点不同距离循环管路内流体学因素的变化特征。结果表明，在距撞击点３０ｃｍ以外的模拟管路内可测到高于撞击前５－１１倍的压力峰值，管内压力波的脉动频率约２９．１１－４２．１ＨＺ，传速度约为１８．０４ｍ／ｓ，这意谓着，高速投射物撞击瞬间能引起循环管趴内剧烈的流体扰动，并以压力波的形式在管趴内传播。本研究结果为高速投射物致伤时     

Cortical Imaging on a Head Template: A Simulation Study Using a Resistor Mesh Model (RMM)

The T1 head template model used in Statistical Parametric Mapping Version 2000 (SPM2), was segmented into five layers (scalp, skull, CSF, grey and white matter) and implemented in 2 mm voxels. We designed a resistor mesh model (RMM), based on the finite volume method (FVM) to simulate the electrical properties of this head model along the three axes for each voxel. Then, we introduced four dipoles of high eccentricity (about 0.8) in this RMM, separately and simultaneously, to compute the potentials for two sets of conductivities. We used the direct cortical imaging technique (CIT) to recover the simulated dipoles, using 60 or 107 electrodes and with or without addition of Gaussian white noise (GWN). The use of realistic conductivities gave better CIT results than standard conductivities, lowering the blurring effect on scalp potentials and displaying more accurate position areas when CIT was applied to single dipoles. Simultaneous dipoles were less accurately localized, but good qualitative and stable quantitative results were obtained up to 5% noise level for 107 electrodes and up to 10% noise level for 60 electrodes, showing that a compromise must be found to optimize both the number of electrodes and the noise level. With the RMM defined in 2 mm voxels, the standard 128-electrode cap and 5% noise appears to be the upper limit providing reliable source positions when direct CIT is used. The admittance matrix defining the RMM is easy to modify so as to adapt to different conductivities. The next step will be the adaptation of individual real head T2 images to the RMM template and the introduction of anisotropy using diffusion imaging (DI).     

基于动态心脏模型的体表心电图仿真研究

以往的电生理心脏模型大多是静态的,而非动态模型.这样在用准静电场理论求解体表电位时,整个心动周期中等效心电偶极子（源点）与体表（场点）之间的距离假设为恒定不变,从而会引入较大的系统误差.因此,为了更准确仿真心电图,有必要采用动态或跳动的心脏模型.基于原来静态心脏模型,构造了一个动态心脏模型,并对体表12导联心电图进行仿真比较研究.在动态心脏模型中考虑了心肌电兴奋引起的心脏机械力学收缩,通过计算心动周期中心室壁的位移,从而将心脏与体表之间的相对距离变化考虑进体表电位计算过程.仿真结果表明,对于正常心电图,基于动态心脏模型的仿真结果比基于静态心脏模型的仿真结果更符合临床记录心电图,特别是V1-V6胸导联的ST段和T波.对于前壁轻微缺血情况,在动态心脏模型的仿真心电图中能明显看出ST段和T波的变化,而在静态心脏模型的仿真心电图中与正常心电图相比看不出什么变化.本研究的仿真研究证实了动态心脏模型的确能更准确地仿真体表心电图.     

Dynamic Changes of Clinical Features that Predict the Prognosis of Acute-on-Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective: The natural history of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) is complex and highly variable. However, the global clinical characteristics of this entity remain ill-defined. We aimed to investigate the dynamic patterns of the natural progression as well as their impact on the outcomes of ACHBLF. Methods: The clinical features and disease states were retrospectively investigated in 54 patients with ACHBLF at the China South Hepatology Center. The clinical and laboratory profiles including hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) were evaluated. The disease state estimated by the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and the dynamic patterns during the clinical course of ACHBLF were extrapolated. Results: Twenty-two patients died during the 3-month follow-up period (40.74%). The patients were predominantly male (88.89%). Baseline characteristics showed that there were significant differences in only hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels and platelet count between the deceased and surviving patients (P=0.014 and P=0.012, respectively). Other baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. The dynamic state of the MELD score gradually increased from an initial hepatic flare until week 4 of ACHBLF progression. There were notable changes of the dynamic state of the MELD score at two time points (week 2 and week 4) during ACHBLF progression. The MELD scores were significantly greater in the death group (24.80±2.99) than in the survival group (19.49±1.96, P<0.05) during the clinical course of ACHBLF; the MELD scores of the survival group began to decrease from week 4, while they continued to rise and eventually decreased as more patients died. The gradients of the ascent and descent stages could predict exactly the severity and prognosis of ACHBLF. Conclusions: The natural progression of ACHBLF could be divided approximately into four stages including ascent, plateau, descent, and convalescence stages according to different trends of liver failure progression, respectively. Thus, the special patterns of the natural progression of ACHBLF may be regarded as a significant predictor of the 3-month mortality of ACHBLF.